What are the main factors that affect safe driving in rainy days?

The main factors affecting safe driving in rainy days are blocked sight, slippery road surface and low adhesion.

1, human factors

In this man-machine system, people are the most important factor of traffic safety. Because cars are driven by people and roads are used by people, cars and roads are objective and unconscious. People are active and conscious. People have sensory organs that accept all kinds of stimuli, can think and judge, and can act according to their own will. Therefore, the key to traffic accidents is "people", and people are the core of traffic safety. 70~80% of traffic accidents at home and abroad are caused by drivers, who are directly responsible. Ensuring driving safety lies with the driver. That is, the driver's concept of rule of law, psychological factors, physiological factors, technical quality and so on. 1), legal concept

Traffic laws and regulations were promulgated by the State Council. It is a legal norm to adjust the relationship among people, vehicles and roads in the traffic process. Every driver must strictly abide by it, which is the premise of ensuring driving safety. Some drivers ignore traffic regulations and go their own way, which is an important cause of car accidents.

(1), overspeed refers to the vehicle driving on the road, exceeding the speed stipulated in the traffic regulations of this section. The reasons why speeding is easy to cause accidents are: speeding will reduce the driver's vision and narrow it; Overspeed increases the probability of forming conflict points and interweaving points; Speeding will destroy the handling and stability of the car; Overspeed, expanding the unsafe area of braking. In short, speeding is harmful from a safety point of view. People often say: "Ten accidents, nine times fast" is the truth.

After drunk driving, alcohol is quickly absorbed by the stomach wall, and then circulates with the blood to various tissues of the human body, which inhibits the activity of the central nervous system of the brain, greatly reduces the ability of thinking and judgment, and is slow to respond. In this case, it is accidental to drive without an accident.

3. Private use of buses is one of the modern and advanced means of transportation, and it is convenient to travel. However, a few drivers drive without the approval of the leaders, and they are in an abnormal psychological state, which is often different. Subjectively speaking, for fear of being seen by leaders and others, drivers always want to speed up and shorten the departure time as much as possible, laying a safety hazard for safety; Legally speaking, on the one hand, it is necessary to increase the guilt, on the other hand, some people even want to make a fortune by taking public transportation, driving all night, driving tired and prone to accidents. Therefore, it is suggested that drivers should abide by the rules and regulations of car use and not use the bus for private use.

2) Psychological factors

Psychologically speaking, drivers' cognitive activities, emotions, will, personality and temperament are the main factors affecting driving safety. People's cognitive activities include feeling, perception, memory, imagination and thinking. The driver's perception ability is related to attention. When the car is running, the driver should always pay attention to the changes in traffic conditions and vehicles, especially the changes in the brake taillights of the front car. The stronger the attention, the more concentrated the energy, the earlier the information is captured, and the action measures can be advanced, which is more beneficial to safe driving. At the same time, drivers should have good professional ethics, keep in mind their sacred responsibilities, take appropriate actions in time, and decisively deal with problems encountered in driving.

3), physiological factors

In addition to the above feelings and cognition, driving safety is also related to the season, the driver's age and fatigue.

In (1) season, China has a vast territory, and the temperature difference between north and south is quite large. But as far as traffic accidents are concerned, the general rule is that in the twelve months of a year, there are more accidents in July, August, September and October, and there are more accidents during the day than at night. This is because traffic accidents are related to traffic flow. In recent months, there has been a lot of traffic, many travelers, long days and short nights, and drivers have worked long hours and driven more.

② People who are engaged in driving with age (or length of service) have a feeling that with the increase of age and driving work, driving skills will become more and more skilled and experience will be enriched, but "courage" will become less and less. This is because some accidents and dangerous information that I have heard, witnessed or experienced personally have consciously or unconsciously played the role of self-reminding and warning in my mind, and the possibility of accidents has decreased. But in old age, due to various reasons, the ability to judge will be reduced. According to statistics, the best driver is 30~45 years old.

(3) Fatigue is called driving fatigue, which reduces operating skills, reaction time and work efficiency due to long-term continuous driving of vehicles. Fatigue can be divided into three types: physical fatigue, physical fatigue and psychological fatigue. Fatigue driving, because the driver can not get a reasonable rest time, is easy to make the driver in a state of high concentration, and the thinking ability such as observation and perception is reduced, which leads to traffic accidents. For example, in 2005, a major traffic accident occurred in Qinyuan, our province, resulting in 2 1 student and teacher deaths. The main reason is fatigue driving.

4), technical quality

Vehicle driving is controlled by the driver. The technical quality of drivers has a direct impact on safe driving. Skilled drivers are skilled, quick, correct, accurate in judgment, properly handled and experienced. Drivers with poor skills are unskilled, insensitive to external stimuli, prone to misjudgment, slow action, lack of safe driving knowledge, panic when encountering danger, and even use the throttle as a brake; Some drivers who drive in the morning or drive alone often can't handle the situation decisively, miss the favorable opportunity and can't guarantee driving safety.

2. Vehicle factors

The technical condition of the car has a great influence on safe driving. Vehicle factors mainly refer to the braking device, steering device and running device of the vehicle. The technical conditions of these devices directly affect the braking efficiency, operation efficiency and operation stability, which reduces the reliability.

The main reasons for the deterioration of vehicle technical condition are: with the increase of vehicle service time and mileage, the mechanical wear, chemical corrosion and fatigue of its assembly and parts change the original geometric shape and size, and the surface quality changes, which destroys the tight fit gap of the motion pair, produces cracks or wear, and reduces the service performance.

Factors affecting the deterioration of vehicle technical conditions: 1) and running conditions.

(1), poor road conditions and uneven road surface increase the impact load, deformation and wear of tires, leaf springs and other parts, making them easy to break; On ramps or detours, in order to control the speed, the number of brakes increases, which makes the brakes overheat, the brake shoes and brake drums wear seriously and reduces the braking efficiency; At the same time, if there are too many curves, the curves are too fast, and the road surface is uneven, it is necessary to use steering frequently to pass through detours or choose roads, which will inevitably increase the wear and tear of steering devices.

(2) In the case of low air temperature and environmental conditions, it is easy to reduce the battery capacity and terminal voltage and increase the viscosity of lubricating oil; In summer, when the weather is hot, the engine temperature tends to overheat, which aggravates the wear and tear.

2), technology application

1. The theory and practice of driving technology prove that the quality of driving technology has a great influence on the technical state and service life of vehicles.

(2) Overspeed Every car has a certain speed range in the design, which stipulates the maximum speed and economic speed. Speeding not only increases fuel consumption, but also aggravates the wear and tear of sports pay. Destroy the stability of automobile handling; Expanding the unsafe area of braking is extremely unfavorable to the safety of sex cars.

(3), overload various models according to the purpose in the design of the specified load. , it is forbidden to overload. Because the vehicle is overloaded, the engine, transmission system and running mechanism will be overloaded, thus the temperature will rise, the lubrication will be damaged, the wear will be accelerated, and the technical performance of the vehicle will become worse. Overloading will make the braking efficiency worse, make the braking distance bigger and affect the driving safety.

3) Ensuring the quality of timely vehicle repair and maintenance is a favorable measure to keep the vehicle in good technical condition. 3. Road and environmental factors

Road and environment are also important factors to ensure driving safety. According to relevant data, 70% of traffic accidents are directly or indirectly related to road conditions. Road and environmental factors affecting traffic safety are as follows:

Road (pavement characteristics, radius of curvature, slope, sight distance, width, intersection, etc. )

Road and environmental factors

Environment (rain and fog, snow and ice, visibility, signs, landscape, others)

, 1), road factor

Roads are the basis of traffic. With the increase of vehicle and traffic flow year by year, higher requirements are put forward for the quantity and quality of roads. As far as the current road conditions in China are concerned, it can not meet the requirements of high speed and large flow. Some sections bend too fast, the slope is too big, the subgrade is soft, the road surface is narrow, and the line of sight is not good. Some road sections still lack traffic signs.

In addition, judging from the accident law, there are generally more suburbs than urban areas. Due to the complex traffic situation in the urban area, there are many pedestrians and bicycles, and the speed is slow. At the same time, the driver's energy is highly concentrated, and he can also perceive some weak information in time and make reasonable treatment; However, there are fewer pedestrians and bicycles in the suburbs than in the urban areas, and the road surface is wide and the line of sight is good. Drivers are prone to carelessness, speeding and overtaking casually, causing car accidents.

2) Environmental factors The environmental factors here refer to the conditions around the road, such as climate, weather, scenery, signs, buildings, obstacles that affect traffic, etc. It can also be divided into: road environment, driving environment, meaningful traffic environment and social traffic environment.

At present, most expressways in China have narrow pavements, and motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles are mixed, with different speeds, which often cause mutual constraints and even traffic jams, affecting normal driving. Some roads pass through residential areas or commercial areas, and free markets, stalls and shelves occupy the road, which leads to more complicated traffic and limited sight. Non-motor vehicles or pedestrians are easy to enter the driver's blind spot, causing traffic accidents.

From the above analysis of the three major factors affecting traffic safety, we can see that the key to ensuring traffic safety is people. In our country, although the road conditions are very poor, motor vehicles, pedestrians and non-motor vehicles are mixed and interfere with each other greatly, and the technical state of vehicles and road environment also have certain influence on driving safety, driving safety can be effectively guaranteed as long as drivers are educated and psychologically studied regularly, effective measures are taken during driving, and the relationship between driving speed and driving distance is correctly grasped.