Detailed information of black long-tailed pheasant

Black-tailed pheasant (scientific name: Syrmaticus mikado) is a large chicken with a body length of 53~88 cm. Men are older than women. The male bird is purple-blue, the face is bright red, there are obvious white wing spots on the wings, the tail is long and black, there are obvious white horizontal spots, and the feet are green and brown. The female bird is olive brown, with red face, brown stripes and grayish white feathers on her back and wings, green brown feet, brown chestnut tail and black horizontal spots. A similar species of blue robin, the male has bright red feet, a white upper back and a central tail feather, and a white crown feather on his head; The female bird has no white spots, a V-shaped dark brown spot on her abdomen and bright red feet. This difference is obvious and easy to identify in the field.

Living in low coniferous forests and mixed forests in dense forests, or in bamboo forests and shady shrubs. Sexually cautious and timid. Wok ~ wok ~ wok shouted loudly when calling the police. During the breeding season, males will make a sharp whistle.

Basic introduction of Chinese name: Black Pheasant Latin scientific name: Syrmaticus mikado alias: Emperor Pheasant: Animal kingdom: Chordata subfamily: Vertebrate subfamily: Birds order: Chicken order: Pheasant genus: Black Pheasant species: distribution area: found in the naming person and year: Ogilvie-Grant,/kloc- The upper back has a broad steel-blue pinnate edge and a black sagittal secondary terminal spot. The back waist and waist are thick black with metallic blue feathers; The feathers on the wings are the same, only slightly mixed with white spots, but they are generally not exposed. The big feather has a broad white terminal spot, forming a prominent white horizontal band on its wings. The primary flight feathers are black and brown, and the secondary and tertiary flight feathers are also black, with narrow and white tips. The tail is covered with black feathers with white spots; The tail feather is 16, which is very long and wedge-shaped. The tail feather in the middle is the longest and gradually shortens to both sides. The color is black, and there are several white horizontal spots on the sparse quilt. The chest is dark blue and shiny. The abdomen is black, the feathers under the tail are also black, and the terminal edge is very narrow and white. Black-tailed pheasant (left female, right male) has olive brown head and neck, black headrest and dark brown feather margin; The upper back and wings are covered with black feathers, with white feathers and olive brown feathers, mixed with brown spots; The back waist and waist are olive brown with black spots; The tail is covered with grayish brown feathers, with broad black horizontal spots mixed with brown; The flight feathers are black, with light brown horizontal spots except the third-grade flight feathers. The central tail feather is chestnut, and the lateral tail feather is brown, with black horizontal spots. Except for a pair of tail feathers in the middle, all the tail feathers have white tips. Chin and throat are brown and white, and chest and ribs are black and white. The abdomen is grayish brown, with black transverse spots and grayish white feather tips. The tail is covered with brown feathers with white tips and dark brown spots. Iris () reddish brown and () light brown. Face exposed to reddish light; The upper mouth is black, the mouth end and lower mouth are light yellow, and the claws are dark gray or even green-brown. The posterior edge of tarsometatarsal is covered with octagonal scales. The male bird has a distance. Size measurement: body length 860~895mm, 528mm；; Mouth peak 25 ~ 28 mm, 24 ~ 25 mm; Wings 2 10~230mm,187 ~ 215mm; The tail length is 500~530mm,170 ~ 225 mm; Tarsometatarsal 66~67mm, 57 ~ 61mm. (Note: male; Female) inhabits in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and coniferous forests at middle and high altitudes of 1800~3800 meters. However, according to the investigation of Yushan National Park, it is found that the altitude of 2300~2550 meters is the most frequent, and it likes to move in areas with steep slopes (between 30 ~ 60 degrees), and there are also secondary forests. In winter, there is a phenomenon of migration to low altitude. Living habits found that its activity place is mostly in the forest road covered by plants and fallen leaves, and it also walks on steep cliffs. Do more activities alone, not in groups. The activity time is mostly in the two peaks, 5:00-6: 00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. in Guang 'ao, and 7:00-8:00 a.m. and 4: 00 p.m. in Ruiyanxi Nature Reserve. I like to go out for activities when it is raining, moderate rain, foggy or cloudy in Mao Mao. Keep your head up and walk slowly, don't make any noise, be careful and alert. If someone is found, the female bird will immediately flee or fly away quickly, and at the same time make a "goo, goo, goo" sound; The male's reaction is relatively calm, and he will stay in stop for a minute and then move forward slowly. If the distance is too close, he will immediately rush into the dense weeds or fly down the mountain, and at the same time make a sharp cry. At this time, the tail feathers are fanned out and the sound of flapping is very loud. If they walk together in pairs for food, they are not far from each other. Usually, the male will accompany or follow the female, always be vigilant and play the role of guardian, while the female will eat with peace of mind. In case of enemies or observers, the male birds often hold their heads high, their feathers swell, give out urgent warning sounds, and slowly walk to the open space to attract the attention of intruders. When the female birds calmly enter the bushes, they flee in different directions. When sprinting, the head shakes back and forth, the tail feathers droop, and it is not always surprising to fly. At night, I will stay in the tree for the night. Generally, they jump on trees at night, sometimes from one branch to another, but the habitat of each tree is not fixed. In the morning, I jumped down from the tree and ate on the ground. When you jump down, lean forward and open your tail feathers. When omnivorous foraging, the beak directly pecks at the new leaves, buds, flowers, berries and grass seeds of ground plants. They often pry open fallen leaves or humus soil on the ground with their beaks or claws when walking, and then peck at insects such as earthworms, ants and butterfly larvae in the soil, in addition to pecking at pebbles on the ground. The singing voice doesn't change much, and the common voices are: (1) continuous low "cough, cough, cough" sound. Usually, when walking, when the female bird takes the bird, when someone follows along the road, and when she flies away in fear, she will make this cry; (2) When looking down for food, it makes a low-volume "uh-huh" sound, sometimes accompanied by a "ear-"sound; (3) When frightened, threatened or fleeing, make sharp and loud "ho-","broken-","cut-"; When people watch it, they will make "grunts" and "eyah". Breeding mode The breeding period is between April and August. Most scholars (Ou Bo et al. 1990, Yao et al. 1998) observed the activities of male and female couples in the early reproductive period, and speculated that their marriage was monogamous. But some scholars (delacour 195 1, Stokes &; Williams 197 1) thinks their marriage is polygamous. Breeding pairing time may be completed in 65438+ 10 month or 165438+ 10 month every year. The * * * period begins in mid-March and lasts until June. Before breeding, the weight of female birds has increased obviously, which may be because laying eggs and incubating eggs require great physical strength. When courting in spring, males will fight for territory and spouses. During the fight, two males stood up and confronted each other. One of them jumped forward suddenly, and the other jumped on the ground. When it hits the ground, the one that jumps forward jumps up and down immediately, sometimes both jump at the same time, attack each other with claws as weapons, and then land at the same time. At this time, the mother bird didn't help anyone, just watched. The male bird * * *, with a bright red face, put up his neck and chest and spread his wings to the female bird, shaking his wings quickly and continuously. The molting of mature males is completed between July and 10, which is an important stage for females to raise their young. The male molts, revealing a bright new feather. At this time, it is time for the young bird to leave the female bird and let the female bird be single again. It is also time for mature males and females to pair up again. Generally, nests are built on the ground or on the trunk, and the nests are located in depressions facing steep slopes, caves under rocks, or tree holes at the base of the trunk at the upper edge of steep slopes, which are very dense. Nest materials are mostly litters made from local materials, lined with feathers. The spawning period is from the end of March to the beginning of April, and each nest lays 3 to 5 eggs. Eggs are milky white to light brown, weighing 48.45g, with an average size of 40.7× 55.0mm. The females are solely responsible for hatching, while the males are not involved in brooding. When a female bird hatches an egg, she will get up and turn around, look around, peck at the nest materials, comb her feathers and turn over the eggs. In the bad weather of thunderstorm, the female bird stays in the nest all day. The incubation period is about 28 days. At the end of June, you can see the female birds with their young birds foraging in the forest path. The female bird walking slowly on the road is always vigilant, and the young bird follows and pecks at the seeds of the surface plants. Within two weeks after the chicks are hatched, the females will let the chicks crawl under their wings and spend the night in or near the nest (Yao 1996). In this period of carrying young children, they have no fixed direction, but wander around and gradually move away from the nest area. By August and September, the young bird has grown almost like the female bird, and gradually alienated from the female bird with growth, and finally lived independently and could climb trees for the night. However, females will return to their original nests before the next reproduction. Geographical Distribution The black-tailed pheasant is distributed in the central mountainous areas of Yilan, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Nantou, Chiayi, Hualien, Kaohsiung, Pingtung and Taitung counties in Taiwan Province Province. Population situation The global population is not quantified, but it is described as a common species. There are about 10000 in Yushan National Park (Madge &; McGowan 2002), accounting for a considerable proportion of the bird population. The global population is about10000 ~1nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine, and the adult population is about 6667 ~ 13333. It is estimated that there are 100 ~ 10000 breeding pairs in Taiwan Province province. Lack of population trend data, the population may be in a state of decline due to hunting and habitat loss. Subspecies differentiate into monotypic species, but there is no subspecies differentiation. The protection level is listed in Appendix I of CITES. It was listed in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals: National First Class Protected Animals (1988 65438+February 10 came into effect). Listed in IUCN Red List: Endangered Species (NT), evaluated on 20 12.