Brief introduction of Sima Zhi Sima Zhi's life.

Sima Zhi, whose real name is unknown, is a scholar in Hanoi. Ministers of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms Period. He is famous for his manners. After Cao Cao pacified Jingzhou, he was appointed county magistrate. He can act in accordance with the law, without favoritism, and is good at solving cases. He has served as the magistrate of Zheng, Ganling and other counties in Dali Prefecture, Dasinong, Henan Yin and so on. Sima Zhi is honest, not afraid of power, not even accommodating Bian Shi's intercession, considerate of subordinates and selfless. He was the most outstanding upright official in Henan during the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Human life

Nursing mothers in crisis

Sima Zhi was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi. I went to Jingzhou to avoid the war when I was studying, and I met a thief in Luyangshan. The people in the same trade left the old and weak and ran away. Sima Zhi was the only one sitting there guarding his old mother. When the thief arrived, he forced Sima Zhi with a knife. Sima Zhi kowtowed and said, "Mother is old. Kill me and leave my mother alone. " The thief said, "This is the dutiful son! It is unfair to kill him. " So Sima Zhi avoided being killed and pushed his mother away. I have lived in the south of Sima Zhi for more than ten years, practiced by myself, and kept my manners and ethics.

Books for soldiers

In 208 AD, Cao Cao pacified Jingzhou and appointed Sima Zhi as Jian 'an county magistrate. At that time, the world regime had just been established, and most residents were not law-abiding. Liu Jie, the monarch's book, is the son of an old family. He is generous and chivalrous, with more than a thousand guests. He became a thief when he went out, and alarmed the court when he entered the palace. Soon, Sima Zhi sent Liu Jiegong, Wang Tong and others to serve as soldiers. Yan stopped and said, "Liu Jie's family has never sent anyone to wait on him in a rocking suit. If they had hidden people at that time, they would have caused you a deficit. " Sima Zhi refused, and wrote a letter to Liu Jie, saying, "You are a big family, and you hold an important position in the county, and guests often refuse to work hard. The Lebanese people have long been complaining and dissatisfied, and some rumors have been heard by their superiors. Wang Tong and others were recruited as soldiers. I hope you can send him out on time. " The soldiers have assembled in the county seat. But Liu Jie hid Wang Tong and others, and also took the opportunity to invite Du You of this county to pretend to be a conscript, and invited soldiers of this county.

County officials have no choice but to ask themselves to be soldiers, not Wang Tong. Sima Zhi sent a messenger to Jinan, the county seat, riding a fast horse, detailing Liu Jie's crimes. Hao Guang, the satrap, always respected and trusted Sima Zhi, and immediately ordered Liu Jie to be a soldier instead of Wang Tong. Qingzhou people say that Sima Zhi can let the monarch book join the army. Later, Sima Zhisheng became the magistrate of Guangping County. General Lu, an outstanding and arrogant man. He is also the general of the county where Sima Zhi came. Liu Xun's guests and children broke the law many times in Sima Zhi. Liu Xun wrote an unsigned letter to Sima Zhi, but repeatedly asked Sima Zhi for help in the letter. Sima Zhi didn't reply to him, and handled it according to the law. Later, Liu Xun was killed for misconduct, and all people related to Liu Xun were found guilty. However, Sima Zhi was praised for his selflessness.

Forgive the suspect

Soon, Sima Zhi was promoted to Dali Zheng. Someone stole white silk from the government and put it on the toilet. Collectors suspected that they were female workers, so they arrested them and put them in prison. Sima Zhi said: "The mistakes of punishing crimes are all mistakes of excessively severe and cruel punishment. Now that we have found the stolen goods, we will be tried and get a confession. If they can't stand the torture, they may be forced to lie and admit to stealing. Cases based on lies cannot be used to convict. Moreover, being in power is broad and simple, making people easy to obey, which is the enlightenment of noble moral figures. It is just a mediocre governance method not to let a guilty person go. Now that I have forgiven these suspects, can't I carry forward the morality that makes people easy to obey? " Cao Cao accepted his suggestion. Sima Zhi was appointed as Ganling Taishou, Yang Taishou and Yang Taishou.

In the early years of Huang Dynasty, Sima Zhi was transferred to the capital as Henan Yin. He can't suppress the powerful, support the poor and ask for help privately. The eunuch in the palace wanted to ask Sima Zhi to handle affairs, but he was afraid to speak, so he took a message through Sima Zhi's wife's uncle Dong Zhao. Dong Zhao was also afraid of Sima Zhi and didn't give the eunuch a message. He wrote a notice to Sima Zhi's subordinate officials, stipulating that fatwas said: "The king can make laws, but he can't keep officials from breaking the law. Officials can violate fatwas, but they can't let the monarch know. Some people break the law, which is the deficiency of the monarch. An official violated the fatwa and let the monarch know that it was a disaster. Bad government is above the monarch, and disaster is under the official. This is the reason why political affairs are out of control. Can everyone not be self-sufficient? " So all his subordinate officials encouraged themselves. The doorman once suspected that the doorman had stolen the hairpin, but his story was inconsistent, so Cao Chen arrested him and convicted him. Sima Zhi ordered: "Everything is so similar that it is hard to tell. Without Li Lou's eyesight, people seldom get confused. Even if the door is really stolen, how can the following officials have the heart to take a hair clasp so seriously and despise their own kind instead? Let go and don't ask again. "

Justice in law enforcement

In 226 AD, Wei Mingdi succeeded to the throne, and made Sima Zhi the post-official. Soon, she joined the ranks of Cao Hong, became a nurse, sacrificed to the God Wu Jian with the waiter of Princess Linfen, and was put in prison. Queen Bian sent the Yellow Gate to the yamen to convey her orders. Sima Zhi refused to tell, and immediately ordered Luoyang Prison to torture the two men to death, and then wrote: "All criminals who should be sentenced to death should report to the table first and wait for the holy family to reply. In the past, the sacred book system banned prostitution to correct customs. Now, these prisoners have just been tried for their misdeeds. Wu Da, an official of Huangmen, came to see the liegeman and conveyed the queen mother's orders. I dare not meet the emissary, for fear that orders mean rescuing and protecting criminals. When this order is heard by the holy family, he will have to order the protection of these prisoners. It's all because I didn't get things done as soon as possible, which is the sin of my men. So I violated the daily rules and immediately ordered Luoyang County to torture them to death. I am willing to wait for the punishment of the holy when the subordinates execute the punishment without authorization. " Wei Mingdi personally replied, "After reading your memorial, I already know your sincerity. If you want to carry out the imperial edict against adultery, do it quickly. You did the right thing! This is your sincerity in pursuing the imperial edict. What can you apologize for? When the yellow door comes to your place, I won't meet you. " Sima Zhi has been an official for eleven years, and has repeatedly commented on those provisions in the law that are inconvenient to implement. He behaves well among public officials. Is to catch up with the prince to appear before you, and join the people in the capital, Sima Zhi.

Facing agriculture

Later, Sima Zhi was appointed as a senior farmer. Prior to this, officials and farmers from all over the country were engaged in the trading of vendors in order to seek benefits. In his final speech, Sima Zhi said: "Governing the country according to law, promoting farming, restraining merchants' foreign trade, developing agriculture and attaching importance to grain. It is recorded:' Without a three-year grain reserve, the country will not be a country.' "Wang Zhi" said that storing food should be the first priority. At present, the thieves in Wude area have not been eliminated, and the war continues. The most important thing for the country is to reserve grain and cotton. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty specially set up officials engaged in agriculture and mulberry planting. During the Jian 'an period, the world was full and the people were well-off. Since the early years of Huang Dynasty, Conon of Samos, a Samos official, was allowed to develop his own economy, and they made plans for their subordinates. This is really not an appropriate way to start the great cause of the country. Put the king's home in the four seas. So Guanzi Qu Yan said, "If the people are not rich, how can you be rich?" ? The reason for being rich is that you can't miss the weather and make full use of your land. Nowadays, enterprises do business for profit. Although they can make a lot of obvious profits, they have caused incalculable losses to the plan of unifying the world. It is better to cultivate more acres of land and increase profits. Farmers engage in field farming, starting from sowing seeds, weeding, pruning mulberry trees, setting fire to wasteland, planting wheat, threshing and harvesting crops in the first month, and ending in October. Then trim the barn, tie the pontoon bridge, transport rent and tax, pave the road and bridge, paint the room and block the cracks in the wall. There is not a day in a year when I don't work in agriculture. Now all agricultural officials say,' Those who stay do farm work for those who go out to do business and do manual work for them. I have to do this under the circumstances. If we don't want to waste agriculture, we should keep the excess capacity. "In my humble opinion, don't disturb agriculture by peddling chores, take sericulture and farming as a major event and consider the great cause of the country. This is both convenient and beneficial. " Wei Mingdi accepted his suggestion.

A considerate subordinate

Whenever a superior official has something to summon for questioning, Sima Zhi often asks him to judge his boss's thoughts and things for him first and teach him how to answer and deal with them. This is exactly what he expected when he called. Sima Zhi's temperament is bright and upright, not grandiose, rigorous and upright. When he talks with the guests, if he thinks there is something wrong, he will point out their shortcomings in person. When he came back, there were no other complaints. Sima Zhi died while in office, leaving no property at home. Since the establishment of Wei, no one in Henan can compare with his immediate boss, Ma Su.

A son is like a father.

After Sima Zhi's death, his son Sima Qi inherited his title. Sima Yi changed from Henan to Ting and then to Chen Liuxiang. There are some prisoners in Liang county prison, and the testimony in the trial involves many people, so they can't be locked up for a few years. Under the imperial edict, the prisoners in the prison were moved to Sima Yi's county to let Sima Yi decide the case. At that time, the county magistrate asked to prepare some torture devices for the prison in advance. Sima Yi said, "There are dozens of prisoners today, and their confessions are false, treacherous and contradictory, which is torture. This case is easy to investigate. Do you want to keep them in prison for a long time? " No one dares to hide or lie when the prisoner is taken to prison for trial. It took Sima Yi only one day to handle the case, so he was promoted to Ting Wei.

At that time, the general Cao Shuang was authoritarian, and Shangshu Yanhe, Deng Wei and others gave him wings to help him. Guitai, a native of Nanyang, once offended them with words, so she tied them up and tortured them and sent them to Tingwei's office. Deng Yun personally tried to sentence Guitai to heavy punishment. Sima Yi accused Deng Yun of saying, "The minister in charge of the State Council is an important assistant to the royal family. He could not help the emperor to educate and establish a benevolent government. Instead, he wants to vent his personal anger and wronged innocent people. This is not to make people feel scared and uneasy. What else can it be? " Deng Yun felt very ashamed and left angrily. After all, Sima Yi was afraid that this would lead to long-standing grievances, so she resigned on the grounds of illness. He died less than a year after returning to China at the age of 35. His son Si Mazhao inherited the title.

character trait

Sima Zhi is filial. When he fled to Jingzhou with his mother, he met a thief in Luyangshan. At that time, people abandoned their old age and fled, and Sima Zhi stayed to protect his mother. He even kowtowed to the thieves and begged them not to hurt him and his mother. So the thieves were moved and didn't hurt them.

Sima Zhi showed great concern for his subordinates, not only teaching them how to be an official, but also inferring the reason why they were called and teaching them how to answer. In the end, everything was as Sima Zhi thought.

Sima Zhi is cheerful and upright, and he is not proud of his meticulous appearance. When he talks with guests, he points out their mistakes when he hears what he thinks is wrong, but then he won't criticize or laugh at them.

Historical evaluation

Chen Shou: "Cheese is light and straight, but it is not cheap. When talking to guests, if you have something to say, you will blush and stay away. He died in an official position, and there was no surplus wealth at home. Since Wei, it has been the yin of Henan. " "Sima Zhizhong is not inclined, nor is he just as tough as a soft man."

Yang Jun: "Although not as smart as Lang, he is reasonable and has a keen ear and a clear eye."