Ethnic customs of Hani nationality?

The Hani nationality originated from a branch of the ancient Qiang nationality that moved southward, and its language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibetan-Burmese language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Hani people are mainly engaged in agriculture, believe in polytheism and worship their ancestors.

Population: 1253952

Distribution: Xinping, Zhenyuan, Mojiang, Yuanjiang and Honghe counties in the area between Ailao Mountain and Mengleshan Mountain in southwest Yunnan.

Hani people have their own language and three dialects, which are very different from each other and cannot communicate with each other. There were no characters in the past, and it was not until 1957 that pinyin characters based on Latin letters were produced. Most villages are built in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas with an altitude of 1000 meters to 2500 meters. Houses are generally civil structures, with flat wooden walls and four slopes.

Hani people are mainly agricultural and good at growing tea. Hani people have a long history of growing tea, and the tea production in Hani areas accounts for one-third of Yunnan's total output.

custom

Hani people used to think that fire was the life of their family, and they were in awe of it, so they should protect it for a long time. Every family has several different fire pits. The fire in the fireplace should not only be filled with fireworks, but also the use of each fireplace should not be confused.

The Hani people have the habit of enjoying their prey. When hunters come back from hunting in the mountains, no matter how much they catch, the whole stockade can come and share their prey, and each family can share a share. If the prey is too small, just cook it and share it with everyone.

Hani people have many taboos, such as maternal childbirth, to avoid outsiders breaking into the room; You can't wear clothes when entering the village; You can't use a tripod on the fireplace to dry wet shoes; It is forbidden to cut down the "dragon tree" and throw dirt under it.

Hani people have always been hospitable. Whenever guests come, they should treat each other with wine. After the guests are seated, the host should first propose a bowl of rice wine and three large pieces of meat, which is called "drinking braised pot wine". During the banquet, there are often drinks and songs. When the guests leave, they will also send a big Baba and a package of bacon, crispy meat, tofu balls and other foods wrapped in banana leaves.

marriage customs

Hani people attach great importance to the festive activities of marriage and love between men and women. Lovers often choose in the form of pairing banquets. Generally, before the pairing banquet, after the man obtains the woman's promise, the man will chip in to ask the chef to kill chicken, cook fat, stir-fry, make wine and soak glutinous rice to prepare. In the evening, the banquet was held around 10, with about 10-30 people attending, and the onlookers were bustling. The lights will be on and the table will be filled with all kinds of dishes. First, put the cooked cock head up on the dining table, and hang two chicken testicles and a live crab on the chicken. The "gang leader" and the "girl leader" sat up from the leader, and the rest of the men and women sat down in pairs. Then, toast and sing to each other, and the party is over. At this time, boys wrapped glutinous rice and vegetables in banana leaves and gave them to girls to eat on their way home. If men and women are in love, they can make an appointment to meet next time. Locals call this courtship "abbado", which is usually held in the slack season.

Dietary customs

The Hani people are used to eating two meals during the solar eclipse. The staple food is local rice, supplemented by corn. I like to steam rice and corn into rice Baba, rice flour, rice rolls and pea jelly. The Hani people living in Xishuangbanna like to chop up lean meat and cook porridge with rice, Jiang Mo, octagonal noodles and tsaoko noodles, which is the top grade of staple food.

Douchi is indispensable for every meal, whether it is at ordinary times or on holidays. He is good at using local local materials to pickle pickles, cook the meat and all kinds of flavor dishes. For example, Baiwang is made of frozen blood clots of livestock and poultry mixed with fried peanuts, mint, ginger and garlic, sauerkraut root, salt, pepper and raw meat.

Drinking tea and alcohol is the hobby of Hani people, and the wine they drink is mostly sweet white wine brewed by themselves, which is mellow and sweet; Hani people drink fresh tea, which is bitter, but it can relieve summer heat and quench thirst.

Typical food: Hani region is rich in products and unique in cooking methods, and there are many typical foods with local flavor characteristics. Such as bamboo chicken, raw fried bamboo worms, etc. The famous flavor dishes are bee pupa sauce, pickled banana heart, stir-fried muntjac with sour bamboo shoots, minced meat sauce, olive fish broth, crab stewed egg white, boiled snake balls and so on.

Holidays and festivals

Like the Han people, they also celebrate the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Traditional festivals mainly include "the first day of the first month" (65438+ 10), "eating and tying" (May Festival) and June Festival. In addition, there are two small festivals, namely "Seedling Planting Festival" (also known as "Yellow Rice Festival") and "Nianwei Festival". The traditional calendar of Hani nationality divides a year into three seasons: cold season, warm season and rainy season, with four months in each season. There are two festivals in a year. One is October and the other is June.

October is the first dragon day in October of the lunar calendar, which lasts for five to six days, offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors. At that time, every family would kill a red rooster, cook it on the spot, and never bring it indoors. Every family member must eat a piece of chicken, but the girl who is getting married can't. Then I will make three rice balls and some cooked meat for the most senior old people in the same clan. There will be a grand street banquet in the stockade, that is, nearly 100 tables are connected together every day, and families compete to present their own specialty dishes and show their cooking skills.

June is held in June, and the specific date is selected by the priests. The main content is to worship the God of the Valley of Heaven. At that time, it was also necessary to kill chickens and sheep and hold banquets. When building an autumn house for the gods, you should kill cows at the door to sacrifice to the gods. After the sacrifice, everyone should share the beef and enjoy the gift of the gods.