Junior high school geography 2022 must recite knowledge points

Do you know what knowledge points of junior high school geography must be memorized? To do geography problems, we must master skills, grasp and apply rules, save time and improve accuracy and efficiency. Let's take a look at the knowledge points of junior high school geography in 2022. Welcome to check!

Junior high school geography must recite knowledge points

I. Map of the Earth

1. Representation of latitude and longitude

(1) letters indicating longitude and latitude are often confused;

(2) Don't write "0" in latitude and longitude units;

(3) when writing latitude and longitude, regardless of east and west longitude, only write degrees.

2. The geographical meanings of rotation and revolution are confused.

The rotation of the earth produces the phenomenon of day and night alternation; The revolution of the earth produces four seasons and the length of day and night.

3. It is easy to confuse the Tropic of Cancer with the polar circle at the boundary between the five zones on the earth.

4. Scale

The relationship between scale and scope, as well as the details of the content, are not understood, and it is easy to apply mechanically and ambiguous.

5. Warp and weft are easily confused.

On the map with latitude and longitude net, it is often impossible to distinguish between latitude and longitude lines, which leads to misjudgment of directions and other contents.

6. Valley and ridge are easily confused.

On the contour topographic map, it is easy to confuse the characteristics of ridges and valleys.

Two. Ocean and land

1. Land and sea distribution

The ratio of land area to ocean area is about 7: 3, which can easily be mistaken for 3: 7 if the problem is not clear.

2. The size of the seven continents

Because the memory is unclear, it is often confused.

3. Distribution of the four oceans

Among them, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are often confused because they both span the eastern, western, southern and northern hemispheres.

Antarctica, which spans the longest longitude, is easily confused with Asia, which spans the widest latitude.

5. Europe and Oceania belong to the African plate and the Indian Ocean plate respectively, and are easily mistaken for the European plate and the Oceania plate.

Third, others.

1. Weather and climate

Often confused, can not correctly distinguish its characteristics.

2. Common weather symbols

Blurred by poor memory.

3. Annual variation of temperature

The northern and southern hemispheres, land and sea are different, and it is often easy to ignore the preconditions when making differences.

4. When comparing the influence of land and ocean location on temperature, the premise of "same latitude" is often ignored.

5. In the seasonal variation of precipitation, the monthly distribution is relatively uniform, rainy and humid all year round. When comparing, we often forget to look at the precipitation scale on the ordinate, which leads to confusion between the two.

6. Rainfall in tropical desert climate and cold zone climate is "dry all year round", and its temperature characteristics are often ignored, which leads to chaos.

7. The characteristics of savanna climate and tropical monsoon climate are confused.

8. There are different reasons for the alternation of day and night.

Because the earth is a non-luminous and opaque sphere, sunlight can always reach half of it, resulting in the phenomenon of day and night; Because of the rotation of the earth, there is a phenomenon of alternating day and night.

Junior high school geography must recite knowledge points

Vast territory

First, the location is superior.

Hemispheric position

From the eastern and western hemispheres, China is located in the eastern hemisphere; Seen from the northern and southern hemispheres, China is located in the northern hemisphere.

Latitude position and advantage

1, China spans a wide latitude from north to south (nearly 50 degrees), most of which are located in the temperate zone of mid-latitude, and a few are located in the tropical zone of low latitude, with no frigid zone.

2. The north-south latitude of China spans nearly 50 degrees. Due to the low temperature in high latitudes and high temperature in low latitudes, the climate between north and south is very different, which has formed different temperature zones and various climate types, thus bringing the diversity of natural environment, enriching animal and plant resources and providing favorable conditions for the development of various agricultural economies and tourism.

Location and advantages of land and sea

1. China is located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

2. China is located in the east of Eurasia, the largest continent in the world, and on the west bank of the Pacific Ocean, the largest ocean in the world. This is a country with both land and sea.

Second, the region is vast.

Vast land territory

1. China has a land area of 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world after Russian and Canadian.

2. The land border is more than 20,000 kilometers long, with 14 neighboring countries.

3. The coastline of the mainland is 18000 kilometers long, facing six countries across the sea.

4. The distance between east and west of our territory is about 5000 kilometers; The distance between north and south is about 5500 kilometers.

the fourth area

The northernmost point-the center line of Heilongjiang main channel north of Mohe River in Heilongjiang Province (53? n).

Ruizengmu shoal (4? n).

The easternmost point-the intersection of the central line of Heilongjiang main channel and Wusuli River (135? e)

The westernmost tip-on the Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang (73? e)

Vast maritime territory

China's offshore waters are the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea from north to south, among which the Bohai Sea and Qiongzhou Strait are our inland seas.

The coastline of Chinese mainland, the main island, is more than1.8000 kilometers long, with Taiwan Province Island, Hainan Island, Zhoushan Islands, South China Sea Islands and other islands distributed along the coast. China 14 Land neighbors and six countries face each other across the sea (formula)

There are Korea in the east, Mongolia and Russia in the north, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in the northwest; Pakistan and Afghanistan in the west, Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos in the south;

Bhutan and Nepal in the southwest are separated from India and Tibet by a mountain; Across the sea * * * 6. India, Malaysia, Japan and South Korea;

The largest salt field in China: Luchang Salt Field; The largest fishing ground in China: Zhoushan fishing ground;

Three, 34 provincial administrative regions

Three-level administrative divisions

In order to facilitate administrative management, economic development and national unity, the national administrative regions are basically divided into:

Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government); Counties (autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties and cities); Township (ethnic township, town) level 3.

These include 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions.

34 provincial administrative regions are referred to as three-character classics (formula)

Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Inner Mongolia; Heijiliao in Hebei, Henan and Shandong; Qingning New, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu;

Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Qiongtai and Guizhou; Hong Kong, Macao, Chongqing, Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan;

Five autonomous regions (formula): Tibet in Xinjiang and Guangxi, Ningxia Autonomous Region in Inner Mongolia;

Four municipalities directly under the central government (formula): Chongbei;

Ask questions

1. Combined with the knowledge learned, analyze the geographical characteristics and influence of China.

Basic knowledge of geography in junior one

west Asia

1. Important geographical location: the land of five seas and three continents-the junction of Asia, Africa and Europe, located between the Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (inland sea). (see the map of world geography P 4 1).

2. Know two dilemmas:

(1) Turkey Strait: the passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea;

② the Strait of Hormuz: the passage between Persian Sea and Arabian Sea, which is called "Oil Strait".

3. Arid agriculture and animal husbandry:

(1) The natural environment in West Asia is dominated by drought, so animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture are developed.

(2) Famous livestock products: wool from Ankara, Turkey, purple sheepskin from Afghanistan, and wool carpets (Afghanistan, Iran).

(3) The representative plant of oasis agriculture: date palm-date palm (Iraq ranks first in the world).

4. Arab States:

(1) West Asia is the Arab world, and its residents are Arabs (white people), who speak Arabic and believe in Islam.

(2) West Asia is the birthplace of Islam and Judaism.

Mecca in Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of the founder of Islam and the holy city of Islam.

2. Jerusalem in Pakistan is the holy city of Islam and Judaism.

5, oil treasure house:

(1) West Asia is the region with the richest oil reserves and the largest oil production and output in the world. Oil reserves account for more than half of the world total.

(2) West Asia oil is mainly distributed in the Persian Gulf and coastal areas. Major oil producers: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait and Iraq.

(3), oil characteristics and export region or country:

① Features: large reserves, large burial, large oil production and good oil quality.

② Export region or country:

East: Persian Gulf → the Strait of Hormuz → Arabian Sea → Indian Ocean → Malacca Strait → Pacific Ocean → Japan. To the west: Persian Gulf → the Strait of Hormuz → Arabian Sea → Red Sea → Suez Canal → Mediterranean Sea → Gibraltar Strait → Atlantic Ocean → Western Europe and the United States.

Western Europe

1. Location and scope: Western Europe refers to the western half of Europe, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Mediterranean Sea in the south; It covers an area of 5 million square kilometers.

2. Strong economic strength:

(1) Most countries in Western Europe are economically developed countries. Such as Britain, France and Germany.

(2) The economic development level of European countries ranks first among all continents.

(3) Switzerland-The Kingdom of Clocks and Watches; Denmark-"European Ranch and Food Bank"; Sweden's developed manufacturing industry; Norway-the per capita output of aquatic products ranks first in the world; Holland-The flower planting industry is developed, with the famous "Tulip".

3. Prosperous tourism:

(1) Three famous tourist countries in Western Europe: France, Spain and Italy.

(2) Rich tourism resources:

(1), the city of music-Vienna (Austria);

2 Paris (France), the capital of art;

3. The "clock kingdom" with lakes and mountains-Switzerland;

(4) Roman monuments, water city Venice-Italy;

(5) Sunbathing and watching bullfighting on beaches along the Mediterranean coast-Spain;

6. Watch the flower windmill and visit the reclamation project-Holland;

7. Take a boat trip to the fjord and watch the midnight sun-Norway;

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