What are the cultural customs of Manchu?

Manchu people, when they meet strangers on the road, should bow and ask "Saiyin" (Manchu, good meaning); If you ride a horse, get off the horse and flash on the side of the road to let the elders go first. The elders also politely said, "Thank you, brother, please get on the horse first" and let the young people get on the horse and go ahead.

Daughter-in-law has more respect for in-laws. She should be dignified and respectful, pack cigarettes for her in-laws three times a day, stand and wait on her three meals a day, and send face washing water and foot washing water in the morning and evening. The new wife can't eat on the kang in the first year. Don't wear short clothes in front of your in-laws, and don't scold your children loudly. When the daughter-in-law goes out, she will pack cigarettes for her in-laws and say, "Please ask grandma and my mom to look after the house." When the guests come, the daughter-in-law should wear an apron and listen to her mother-in-law on the kang. Every time she shouted "daughter-in-law wants to promise", she went to work. Even if the daughter-in-law is very old, she should be respectful in front of the younger generation and elders.

Manchu people have the custom of attaching importance to their sister-in-law. Unmarried Manchu girls have a high status, with in-laws sitting on the table, sister-in-law sitting on one side, and daughter-in-law standing by and serving carefully.

Manchu people are generous, hospitable and trustworthy. In Manchu-inhabited areas, some people try to find the owner when they find something on the road, and if they can't find it, they lose it. There is a habit of being ashamed of stealing money from others. As the saying goes, "neighbors will help when they are in trouble", and it is common for rural neighbors to get together for rice and firewood. Lending to each other, no need to sign a contract, only by verbal agreement, abide by faith.

Manchu culture is very developed. A large number of myths and legends are rich in content and unique in style, which are the spiritual core and general display of Shamanism. There are both word of mouth and scripture records. According to the content, Manchu myths can be divided into: ① Origin myths. Including the origin of mankind, the origin of everything, the origin of cultural things and so on. (2) The myth of cosmic relations. In shaman mythology, the universe is a noisy multi-level three-dimensional world, that is, the so-called "clouds climb the sky, nine or nine floors, and several gods live on each floor." There are people and animals, plants, demons and gods on every floor, and all floors communicate with each other. ③ Soul myth. Manchu mythology is characterized by the combination of animal and plant myths, ancestral myths and natural myths, with traces of totem worship.

Paper-cutting: Manchu people like stick grilles. Cut out all kinds of birds and animals flowers with all kinds of colored paper and stick them on the window, which is lifelike and full of vitality. There is also a kind of paper-cutting art, that is, hanging notes or hanging money. During the Spring Festival, every household uses five-color paper to cut out pieces of paper about 40 cm long and 25 cm wide. The middle part is carved with moire calligraphy and painting, such as "Feng", "Shou" and "Fu", and the lower part is cut into fangs and spikes, which are hung on banners at doors, windows and indoor beams. They are colorful and beaming. The earliest hanging banknotes were decorations in ancestral homes, which were generally singular. It is rumored that the ancestors of their clan came from several ditches in Changbai Mountain. The paper-cutting art in Ning 'an, Helen and other places in Heilongjiang enjoys a high reputation in the national art world.

Manchu embroidery: Manchu folk craft. Or "nail house", which is mainly popular in rural areas in Northeast China. It is made of self-made fabrics and cotton thread, with black and white as the main tone and occasionally other colors. Decorative patterns are mainly auspicious patterns, such as Liu Kai, jade, gourd dish length, Fushou Changchun, Babao and so on. Often embroidered on pillowcases, wallets, curtains and cushions.

Respondent: Peugeot 607- Juren Level 4 2- 14 18:00.

Manchu is mainly distributed in three northeastern provinces of China, with Liaoning being the largest. In addition, there are a few Manchu scattered in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang and other provinces and large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Fuzhou, Baiyin and Xi 'an.

Manchu has a long history, which can be traced back to Sushen people more than two thousand years ago. Their descendants have been living in the northern Changbai Mountain, the middle and upper reaches of Heilongjiang and the Wusuli River basin. 1644, the Qing army entered the customs, unified China, and formed a situation in which Manchu and Han lived together for a long time. After the Revolution of 1911, Manchu was renamed Manchu. Manchu people honor their elders and pay attention to etiquette. When they meet elders on the road, they should bow sideways and wait for them to pass by. Not only the younger generation should greet the elders, but also the younger generation should greet the elders. When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands to say hello, some people will also say hello. The kowtow ceremony is common in the lower level to the higher level, and the younger generation to the elder. Show respect, service and entreaty, or pay tribute to the New Year during the Spring Festival. When saluting, first take off your hat, kneel on your left knee and then kneel on your right knee. With a snap of horseshoe sleeves, he landed on his hands and knocked his head three times. This custom has existed since the founding of the People's Republic of China. "News Record of Jianzhou" said: "Take off your hat and kowtow to the slave owner (Nuerhachi) when he sees Hu (referring to Nuzhen as an official), and you will be just like Hu." You should also kowtow when offering sacrifices.

There are many taboos in Manchu life, and taboos are regarded as impolite. Manchu people are not interested in wearing a dog fur hat to eat dog meat, and they are most afraid of others wearing a dog fur hat to enter the house. Legend has it that when Hanwang was in trouble, the dog was saved by kindness, and the Manchu people regarded it as a benefactor and protected it. No one is allowed to sit casually on Xikang. There is a dragon fence in the yard, and animals are not allowed to be tied.

There are also taboos and rules in the hierarchy and hierarchy. A new wife cannot eat at the same table as her father-in-law, mother-in-law and husband. When the elders eat, the daughter-in-law will serve. Otherwise it will be regarded as disrespectful and unfilial. Grandpa and uncle are not allowed to joke with nephew and daughter-in-law. My nephew and daughter-in-law are not allowed to show their arms and legs in front of my uncle. In the past, Manchu women's cheongsam was long enough to cover the instep and the sleeves were long enough to the back of their hands, which was very different from the short-sleeved cheongsam now.

Manchu people have the fashion of respecting the elderly. When young people meet their elders, they should stand with their hands down and answer their questions kindly. If someone complains about their parents, their children must stand up and answer. The old man asked Xiao An for three days and Da An for five days. Please show your respect. Men have "greetings", "beating a thousand children" and "kowtowing". "Greeting" means to retire and say hello. "Sword" means to please Daan, also called "kneeling on one leg", and Manchu means "Ella talami", that is, first quickly brush off the sleeve head, bend the left leg forward, squat down the right leg, hold the knee with the left hand, droop the right hand, and lean forward slightly with the head and body. "kowtow ceremony", that is, kowtow, kneel three times or six times, New Year "must be four times, kneel three times, hold your head high and hold your chest high, if you obey. If you respect your elders, I wish them good words, but you must get up and knock them, otherwise you can't afford it "("Liu Lulve "Volume 4).

Kneel three times and knock nine times to the gods, ancestors and emperors. Women's etiquette is different from men's, and there is a kind of "squat ceremony", commonly known as "semi-squat", that is, standing with feet parallel, hands on knees, bow-shaped, knees slightly bent, like semi-squat. When women meet each other on weekdays, they caress their forehead with their right hand and nod in worship, commonly known as "caressing their temples", that is, caressing their eyebrows, forehead and temples three times, and then nodding their heads visually.

When women meet, the ceremony of holding hands is commonly known as "Lala ceremony", which is different from the visiting ceremony of Han women. Reunion after a long separation, and then holding hands to greet, is a gift from the closest person. When the younger generation met the elder, they held his waist with both hands, and the elder caressed his back with his hands. The old couple had a "head-to-head ceremony" when they met. When we meet again after a long separation, the wife comes forward and holds the old man's chest with her head. The old man stroked his wife's head or neck several times.

Manchu people, when they meet strangers on the road, should bow and ask "Saiyin" (Manchu, good meaning); If you ride a horse, get off the horse and flash on the side of the road to let the elders go first. The elders also politely said, "Thank you, brother, please get on the horse first" and let the young people get on the horse and go ahead.

Daughter-in-law has more respect for in-laws. She should be dignified and respectful, pack cigarettes for her in-laws three times a day, stand and wait on her three meals a day, and send face washing water and foot washing water in the morning and evening. The new wife can't eat on the kang in the first year. Don't wear short clothes in front of your in-laws, and don't scold your children loudly. When the daughter-in-law goes out, she will pack cigarettes for her in-laws and say, "Please ask grandma and my mom to look after the house." When the guests come, the daughter-in-law should wear an apron and listen to her mother-in-law on the kang. Every time she shouted "daughter-in-law wants to promise", she went to work. Even if the daughter-in-law is very old, she should be respectful in front of the younger generation and elders.

Manchu people have the custom of attaching importance to their sister-in-law. Unmarried Manchu girls have a high status, with in-laws sitting on the table, sister-in-law sitting on one side, and daughter-in-law standing by and serving carefully.

Manchu people are generous, hospitable and trustworthy. In Manchu-inhabited areas, some people try to find the owner when they find something on the road, and if they can't find it, they lose it. There is a habit of being ashamed of stealing money from others. As the saying goes, "neighbors will help when they are in trouble", and it is common for rural neighbors to get together for rice and firewood. Lending to each other, no need to sign a contract, only by verbal agreement, abide by faith.

In the past, there were few hotels in the country, and passers-by had to find a house to live in. The host family warmly entertained him, and he naturally stayed after eating and drinking. Because Manchu people have one room and three kangs, they often have one room and one household, and men and women don't shy away from each other. However, it is polite for guests to lie down with their hostess and clothes on their backs when they are asleep.

The next day, the guests went on their way, leaving no reward, just giving the host a "shoulder gift" to express their gratitude. If passers-by enter the room and the host is not at home, you can cook and eat by yourself, clean up after dinner, put things back, and bring grass in front of the door when you leave. The grass will be slightly in the direction you want to go. The host will feel honored to come back.

In Manchu families, there are sacrifices or festivals. If you want to kill animals and eat meat, you should invite relatives and friends to visit and let them sit on Nankang. Family members should give meat to their elders. The meat is boiled in white, and salt is not allowed. Especially tender and delicious. Guests eat with a blade, with salt, sauerkraut and sauce. Guests kowtow to the host when they enter the door, turn around and sit down to eat meat, and are not allowed to thank and wipe their mouths after eating, otherwise it is disrespectful to the host.

Manchu traditional houses are generally divided into three rooms: west, middle and east, with the gate facing south. The west room is called the upper room in the west, the middle room is called the hall, and the east room is called the lower room in the east. There are three health in the west, namely, south, west and north. Xikanggui, Beikangda, Nankang Small. Visitors live in Xikang, elders live in Beikang, and younger generations live in Nankang.

References:

_ zgwh/2004-06/28/content _ 526 19 . htm

Responder: grace 3600- magician level 4 2- 14 18: 16.

[Introduction to Nationality]

Manchu, population 982 1 180. Mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces, Liaoning Province is the largest, and a small amount is scattered in large and medium-sized cities across the country.

Manchu has a long history, which can be traced back to Sushen people more than 2 0 0 0 years ago. Sushen people are the earliest ancestors of Manchu. Liao, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties were called "Jurchen". Long-term living in the vast areas east of Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang and Wusuli River basins. /kloc-In the late 6th century, Nurhachi rose, and some Han Chinese, Mongols, Koreans and Jurchen merged as the main body, forming a new isomorphism-Manchu.

Manchu has its own language and writing. Manchu belongs to Manchu branch of Manchu-Tungusic language family of Altai language family. Manchu was created with reference to Mongolian letters at the end of 1 6. Later, we added "circle" and "dot" to the borrowed Mongolian letters, which is called "Manchu with circle and dot" or "New Manchu". Since the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Manchu people moved to the Central Plains, and had close contacts with the Han people in economy, culture and life, and Manchu people gradually used Chinese.

Manchu is mainly engaged in agriculture. Most Manchu people living in scattered cities are engaged in industry and cultural science. In the long historical development process, Manchu compatriots have made important contributions to the establishment of the motherland and the development of culture.

[Eating habits]

Bobo is the main food of Manchu people in peacetime and festivals. This cake is made of glutinous rice. There are bean flour cakes, bean leaf cakes and sticky cakes. Manchu cakes are very hungry, easy to carry and unique in flavor, and they are still quite popular food.

Sour soup is also a traditional food of Manchu. Saqima is a famous Manchu pastry in China.

Manchu has a long history. Su Shen in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, and later wailou, Buji and Nuzhen were all ancestors of Manchu. Manchu people used to eat corn, barnyard grass, sorghum rice, millet and buckwheat, but now they eat wheat and rice. There are various staple foods, such as Bobo, boiled Bobo (jiaozi), rice, glutinous rice with water, sorghum rice (glutinous rice) dried bean curd, bean cake, sour soup and so on. Delicious sticky and sweet food. The following are some representative staple foods.

"Bobo": In addition to steamed bread made of wheat flour, there are bean flour bobo (steamed with yellow sticky noodles and bean flour), bobo (sticky sorghum noodles wrapped in small bean paste) and rice cake bobo (steamed with yellow sticky bread bean paste), which are the main daily foods of Manchu people.

[Little Meat Rice]: Also known as Tatar Rice, it is a traditional food. Stir-fried diced meat and sorghum rice are stewed together, and more water is added to make tartar porridge.

[Dragon and Tiger]: Rice stewed with glutinous rice and adzuki beans. Because "Dou" and "Dou" are homophonic, rice and glutinous rice are like dragons and tigers, so they are also called "Long Hudou".

[Glutinous rice with water]: boiled glutinous rice, fished out in cold water and soaked in cold water. Usually in summer. Manchu cooking is good at roasting and making good use of soy sauce. Vegetables change with the seasons, mixed with wild vegetables (Artemisia argyi, bracken, etc. ) and fungi. Manchu ancestors liked fishing and hunting. Besides the meat of poultry and livestock, there are deer, muntjac, roe deer, geese and fish. You like pork. Pork is boiled in white water, which is called "white cook the meat". Roasted whole sheep is often used in large banquets.

Common dishes are: [white meat and blood soup]: fresh pig blood is poured into fresh pig intestines and cooked, sliced, sliced with boiled pork, and served with chives, garlic and Chili oil.

[Tanrou]: Cut the pork into small pieces, stir-fry, add onion, ginger, aniseed and fermented milk, and simmer in the jar.

[Soup with bean paste and sauerkraut]: Mash the soaked soybeans, cut the sauerkraut into pieces and stir-fry, add broth and bean paste, adjust the taste and stew thoroughly.

[Fried Egg Sauce]: Stir the egg mixture evenly, pour it into a hot oil pan, stir fry, and then pour in soy sauce and soy sauce. Eat with onions, cucumbers or green vegetables (or mixed).

[Mustard pile]: Take out the old Chinese cabbage, put the whole tree horizontally, cut it into 3 cm long round piles, scald it with boiling water, put it in an altar, put a layer of cabbage pile, a layer of mustard noodles and white sugar, and finally pour a layer of rice vinegar and cover it tightly, and it will be ready in one day. It tastes sweet, sour, spicy and refreshing.

Fokker: Manchu "Bao Fan Er" or "Cai Baoer". It is economical and practical to wrap rice, stir-fry, onion and fried sauce with vegetable leaves (cabbage leaves, perilla leaves and lettuce leaves) and roll them to eat.

[Shaqima]: Fried sweet cakes are famous cakes. Manchu people avoid eating dog meat and prefer tea. Northeast Manchu people have the habit of drinking sour tea, that is, soaking millet or millet until it is fermented, adding tea to the rice soup and boiling it, and adding some sugar. There are also people who cook milk tea.

[Wedding and funeral custom]

Manchu wedding not only has strong national characteristics, but also incorporates many customs and etiquette of the Han nationality. Generally speaking, it has to go through the following procedures: engagement: there are two forms of engagement between Manchu young men and women. First, the parents of young men and women are acquaintances or friends. The two knew each other very well and were interested in getting married, so they asked the matchmaker to promise their children a lifetime. Some men propose to women, while others propose to men. The other is that men and women don't know each other and find a matchmaker to get engaged for their children. The matchmaker will hand them over to the portals of both parties and issue their banners, resumes, surnames and three generations. Besides, we should test each other's birthdays.

Release: Give gifts immediately. There are two kinds of amplification and amplification. Letting Xiaoding go means that the future daughter-in-law will visit relatives of the man's family, such as aunt, brother and sister-in-law, and get property. Enlarged it is called "big gift", commonly known as "big dish", that is, choose an auspicious day of the zodiac, and the man will send the bride price to the woman's house. The day before the wedding, people who bid farewell to their families should drink "windward wine". The bride left home to live in a good apartment borrowed by the man, commonly known as "shooting down." The next morning, the woman saw her off with a float and was escorted by her brother. When the float arrived at the groom's house, there was a brazier on the ground in front of the bridal chamber, commonly known as too much to avoid evil. In order to drive away or kill the ghost that comes with the sedan chair, the groom should shoot three arrows at the sedan chair door; There are also real shots, but they are usually taken under the sedan chair to avoid hurting the bride. Then, the bride was helped out of the sedan chair to heaven and earth, and kowtowed to the north three times with the groom, commonly known as "worshipping Beidou". After worshipping Beidou, a world-famous ceremony of "Leaving the Light" was held. That is, the bride and groom wearing red hijab face south and kneel in front of the god table in the yard. On the table, there is a pig's elbow, three small glasses of wine and a sharp knife. Shaman knelt in front of the table with one leg, chanting in Manchu, cutting the meat into pieces with a sharp knife and throwing it into the air, and throwing it on the ground with a small glass of wine. The main purpose is to pray for God to bless the newlyweds and let their children and grandchildren grow old together. After these ceremonies, the bride is brought into the bridal chamber by a general practitioner (that is, a person whose parents and children are present). When the bride crosses the threshold, there is a saddle on the threshold and the bride must cross it. The beds in the new house must be made by all practitioners. After the new house is paved, music should be played in the room. This is called a "ringing room". When the bride entered the bridal chamber, a little girl took pictures of the bride with two bronze mirrors, and then hung them on the bride's chest and back. Then, another little girl handed me two tin cans containing rice, money and so on. Brides either hold them in their arms or put them under their armpits, commonly known as "holding bottles" or "holding media pots". When the bride sits firmly on the bed, the groom takes off the red cloth covering the bride's head with the weight, which is called "lifting the veil". Next, the husband and wife drink a toast and eat happy noodles, longevity noodles or children's cakes.

[Clothing features]

In 1930s, Manchu men and women wore straight long-sleeved robes. Women's cheongsam hem to (left bone and right torso) (calf), embroidered with floral patterns. Men's cheongsam hem and ankle, no ornamentation. After the 1940s, due to the impact of new fashion at home and abroad, Manchu men's cheongsam was abandoned. Women's cheongsam changed from wide sleeves to narrow sleeves, and the straight tube became tight and close to the waist. The hips are slightly larger, and the hem is recycled to the ankles. Gradually formed today's various cheongsam styles that focus on color decoration and the beauty of human body lines.

Cheongsam is one of the modern popular clothes, which is appreciated in the international clothing window.

Enjoy a high reputation.

Cheongsam evolved from ancient Manchu costumes.

Qipao is called "Yi Jie" in Manchu. In ancient times, it generally referred to Manchuria, Mongolia and Han nationality.

Clothes worn by men and women in the Eight Banners of the Army.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the clothing style had several characteristics: no collar, arrow sleeves, left side, and four sides.

Cut and reinforce. Arrow sleeve is a kind of narrow sleeve with a semicircular sleeve head.

Shaped like a horseshoe, also known as "horseshoe sleeves". Keep horseshoe sleeves on weekdays and go hunting.

Put it down in wartime and cover your hands against the cold in winter. Four seams, which are under the robe.

Swing back and forth, left and right, open your knees. Left leg and waist, tight and warm, belt

A pile, when walking pigs, you can put dry food and utensils in front. A man's robe

Most of them are blue, gray and cyan, and most of the female flags are white.

Another feature of Manchu cheongsam is that the waist is closed on the cheongsam coat.

The vest has a pair of lapels, a twisted lapel, a pipa lapel and a straight lapel. Put on your vest and get on the horse.

Chishill is very thin and tidy.

Manchu moved south to Liaoshen, and after entering the Central Plains, they joined the Han people in the same field.

The influence of Han nationality's "big collar and big sleeves" clothing changed from arrow sleeves to trumpet sleeves.

Four slits evolved into left and right slits.

In the 1930s, Manchu men and women wore straight wide-chested clothes.

Sleeve robe. Women's cheongsam hem to (left bone and right torso) (calf), embroidered.

Flower decoration. Men's cheongsam hem and ankle, no ornamentation. After the 1940s,

Under the impact of new fashion at home and abroad, Manchu male cheongsam has been abandoned.

Women's cheongsam changed from wide sleeves to narrow sleeves, and the straight tube became tight and close to the waist, and the hips were slightly larger.

Hem recovery, ankle length. Gradually formed today's various color-conscious clothes.

Cheongsam style, beautiful lines, human body. Because cheongsam is very suitable for women in China.

Women's figure, virtuous personality and national temperament all originated from Manchu.

The traditional costumes of ethnic minorities have gradually become a wonderful flower in the treasure house of Chinese culture.

, deeply favored and appreciated by women at home and abroad.

[National taboo]

Manchu people have many dining customs and etiquette. For example, passers-by can share used cakes and meat, but generally they can't take them away, and they are not allowed to wipe their mouths after eating. When a family eats, the elders don't move chopsticks, and the younger generation never moves chopsticks; It is a habit to invite relatives, friends and neighbors to eat white meat and blood sausage when killing pigs in the New Year.

Manchu people avoid killing dogs, eating dog meat, using dog skin, and not wearing dog skin hats. Because Manchu people have been engaged in hunting for a long time, dogs are indispensable "assistants", and dogs are also used to pull sledges in winter, which has become an important tool. So Manchu people have the custom of respecting dogs. They usually keep dogs carefully and bury them when they die. They don't beat and kill dogs, they don't eat dog meat, they don't wear dog fur hats and they don't spread dog fur mats. Foreigners wearing dog fur hats will make their owners unhappy.

Many people have a bad impression of crows, and even have a sense of disgust. But Manchu is an exception. Instead of coaxing crows, I cherish them more. In Manchu inhabited areas, many people have a tall wooden pole in their yard, which is used to feed crows and magpies. There is a bucket on this wooden pole, which contains pork, pig water, rice and other foods for crows and magpies.

Manchu people regard the Western Wall as a sacred place to worship their ancestors, and are not allowed to hang clothes and paste New Year pictures here. Xikang, commonly known as "Fokang", has an "ancestor board". It is forbidden for people, especially women, to sit and lie down casually. At ordinary times, Xikang does not allow guests to rest, and it is not allowed to put dog skin hats or whips here. Avoid beating, killing and eating dog meat; Guests who don't wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin mattress are forbidden to wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin sleeve.

Don't cross the tripod of the stove and fireplace, don't trample or sit down on the stove or fireplace at will; Do not bake feet, socks, shoes and boots on the stove mouth or pond; It is forbidden to throw leftover food, bones, fishbones, etc. Put it in a cooker or fireplace.

[Birth custom]

Manchu's concept of preferring sons to daughters still exists today, and many children are blessed. When a boy is born, hang a Xiao Mu bow and arrow on the left frame of the door; If you have a girl, hang a piece of red or blue cloth on the right frame of the door, which is called "Taha Tie". This ceremony is called "hanging bows and silks".

"Become an outlaw". Giving birth to children and becoming an outlaw is a fertility custom of Manchu. A woman's pregnancy is considered a happy event for the whole family. In order to protect the normal development of the fetus, pregnant women have many rules and regulations, such as: no sitting on pots and pans, windowsills, grinding tables; Not allowed to enter the delivery room; Sacrificing ancestors and attending other people's weddings are not allowed; Fasting rabbit meat, afraid of giving birth to a child with three mouths; Don't eat more salt and sauce, lest children become "throats". There are many rules, which often put a lot of pressure on the maternal spirit. Delivery rooms are generally not located in Westinghouse, and children cannot be born on kang seats. Before giving birth, pregnant women should sweep the kang clean, spread straw on the heatable kang, and let the child be born on the straw, so the child is called "becoming an outlaw" as soon as he is born.

Manchu fertility also says "picking raw" and "milking". The first stranger a baby sees is called "Cai Sheng", which means that Cai Sheng will have an influence on the baby, and some of them are also considered as dopted mothers of michel platini. Starting milk is to let a woman with many children give her baby the first sip of milk, which means that it is good to feed her without illness.

On the third day of the child's birth, an old lady with both children and prestige (called grandma) will be taken home. Grandma will take a big copper basin to give the child a hot bath, while washing and nagging: "Wash your hair and be a prince; Wash your waist, each generation is taller than the next; Wash your face and be a magistrate of a county ... ". Finally, I hit it three times with an onion, and said, "One hit is clever, two hits are clever, and three hits are bright." After that, the child's father threw the green onion into the room, and relatives and friends congratulated the child's parents together.

Do whatever it takes. When the baby is full moon, a ceremony of offering sacrifices to relatives and friends will be held. Please take out the "children's rope" from the rope, one end is tied to the inclined column of the ancestral board, the other end is pulled out of the door and tied to the willow branches prepared in advance, and then the whole family bows to the ancestral board. If a boy is born, tie a small bow and arrow to the rope. If the baby is a girl, tie a "Taha patch". Relatives and friends come to congratulate and give gifts, mostly to send longevity locks.

"Hanging Idle Car" The first child of Manchu life, at the full moon, grandma's family will steam "He Lie" (long snake-shaped face colt) for the child, which is said to have more hair after eating. On this day, his uncle will send a recreational vehicle and hang it himself. Leisure cars are better than cars used by people, commonly known as "feed the children and hang them up". Friends and relatives should give toys such as small clothes and bells. If the baby is crying, you should hum "leisurely tune" while pushing the bike. A leisurely tune like The Moon Circle sings:

The moon is round, the moon is big, and the moon is already hanging in the tree.

Little girl, don't cry. My mother will take you to see Amar.

Shake the boat, don't be afraid, grow up and marry the fisherman.

Fish shoes, fish socks, fish skirts, fish jackets, fish jackets.

……

At the full moon, a female guest puts two steamed buns together and holds them for the parturient to eat, which is called "full mouth". From this day on, pregnant women should increase their diet and there is no taboo. Hosting a banquet for guests, mainly long noodles, means continuous health and longevity.

Take a week. When the child is one year old, he has already begun to understand people. It is said that this day can measure a child's interest and ambition all his life, so many Manchu people have the custom of "grasping the week". On the day when the baby turns one year old, there will be paper and pens, books, bows and arrows, hats, musical instruments, cigarettes, alcohol and gambling tools at home. Put it on the kang for the baby to catch. It is said that what you catch will be done later.

The custom of "flat head sleeping" for babies is unique to Manchu people, that is, letting babies rest on small pillows full of food, which is called "headrest granary". In the future, they will be rich or expensive, so that they can lie on their backs for a long time and sleep flat on the back of their heads. At the same time, the baby sleeps on his back, shoulder-width, which Manchu people think is beautiful.

[Birth custom]

Manchu people attach great importance to the birth of their children. Once a woman is pregnant, it is regarded as a good thing for the whole family to be a mother-in-law

I told her some knowledge about fetal protection and traditional taboos. Pregnant women are not allowed to go to someone else's delivery room or sit in a basin.

Taiwan Province, wear Taiwan Province. Don't cry, don't laugh, don't serve your ancestors. Pregnant in May, don't go to the stable, don't live.

Horses, etc.

Children are called "outlaws" as soon as they are born. It is said that when ancient Manchu women gave birth on the kang, they had to sweep it up and lay it.

On the grain grass, mother gave birth on the grain grass, and then she got used to it. After a child becomes a fugitive, if it is a boy,

Hanging a bow and arrow on the left side of the door symbolizes that he will become an excellent shooter when he grows up; If it's a girl, hang it in front of the door.

Red stripes symbolize good luck. On the second day after the baby is born, please ask the women who are in good health to feed the child first.

The second sip of milk is called "boiling milk". The first outsider to see a child in the delivery room is called a "stranger". Manchu people think that babies

When I grow up, my personality will be like "gathering strangers", so I pay great attention to choosing "gathering strangers". The birth of a baby

On the third day, to "wash three", please give your child a bath, also called a bath.

Bathing ceremony. Take a bath in a big copper basin, put Sophora japonica leaves and Artemisia argyi leaves in it, and then pour hot water on it. Congratulations to your friends and relatives.

Put copper coins, peanuts and eggs into the pot, which is called adding pot. In the process of taking a bath, if the baby cries loudly, then

It is regarded as good luck, which is called "ringing basin"

On the seventh day after the child was born, he began to ride a bike. Traveling block, also called rocking block, is made of birch bark and is about 1.3 long.

Meters, 0.7 meters wide, semicircular at both ends, like a boat. Leisure vehicles in later generations are mostly basswood plates.

The edge is painted red with patterns and auspicious words, which is very beautiful. Hang the car on the beam and shake it.

It's very portable. In order to keep the baby's arms and legs straight and avoid falling off when turning over, cloth belts are usually used.

Children's elbows, knees and ankles are tied to recreational vehicles. There is a bag made of chaff under the baby.

The pillow is made of millet or sorghum rice. Because the Manchu people think that the flat back of the child's head looks good, they use this.

Pillow.

Children are officially named after the full moon, and family sacrifices are held before the age of 5, commonly known as "jumping XiShen", which is generally only used.

One day, instead of killing pigs and sheep, we only killed chickens to make cakes and offer sacrifices to our ancestors, thanking the dragon for sending the children. When performing public sacrifices in the clan, it is necessary

Hold a "lock change" ceremony. Every newborn child received a pair of locking straps and prayed to Liu. After the sacrifice,

Then put the locked schoolbag into the child's schoolbag and keep it safe.

The first time a child goes to grandma's house, there is no doubt that it is about soybeans. When my aunt took her lovely grandson back to her mother's house,

Grandma's family was overjoyed and treated them as VIPs. At this time, the young mother gently put the child's head on the post.

A stumbling means that children can not only live in grandma's house, but also grow up healthily and healthily in the future.

Before the age of 8, boys' toys were mainly bows and arrows, and they also played archery games. Whoever shoots accurately will have weight.

See. The girls regard swinging as their main entertainment.

Manchu has no fixed crown ceremony. It was only by the founder or shaman that the spirit was given to Qing in front of the ancestral gods.

Young men and women. Generally, boys wear wild boar fangs on their foreheads, while girls wear wild boar incisors. Since then, young men and women

You can participate in all social activities in the clan.

[Manchu Spring Festival]

"Aniye Nengye" is a Manchu language, that is, the Spring Festival of Manchu, which is a traditional grand festival of Manchu.

Manchu Spring Festival originated from Han customs. After Nurhachi established the post-Jin regime, the soldiers entered Liaoyang and Shenyang in three years (16 18). Under the influence of Han economy and culture, Manchu society has developed greatly. Especially after Huang taiji succeeded to the throne, in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan as the capital, and a large number of Manchu residents moved to Shanhaiguan, where they lived together with the Han nationality, and they exchanged and influenced each other economically and culturally. With the passage of time, many customs and cultures of Han nationality have been absorbed by Manchu people, and the Spring Festival has also become a traditional festival for Manchu and Han nationality.

■ Celebration method

Before the festival, people actively buy new year's goods, clean the courtyard, paste couplets, hang banners (also known as flags), pray for blessings on window grilles, steam rice cakes and bake water spoons. In the early morning of the first day, every household set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. At the same time, set up offerings, light Tatar incense, worship ancestors, and pray for the gods to bless the whole family and all the best in the new year. At the beginning of the new year, the whole family get together for a reunion dinner, commonly known as "chuai Yuanbao". When cooking jiaozi, the family mainly shouted "Are you married?" Others replied at the same time: "Get up!" They compared jiaozi's rising from the bottom of the pot to a rising day. Then let the children climb on the cupboard and jump three times to show that they "jump high" on the new day. On this day, the younger generation would kowtow to their elders to pay New Year greetings (in the old society, women bowed down and caressed their temples), and parents would give their children lucky money. Close relatives of clans should also pay New Year greetings to each other, and relatives and friends are invited to attend banquets to catch up with the old and talk about the new. Boys set off fireworks in groups of three or five, play with wooden sleds, or skate happily; Girls and young women wear costumes and play with galaha (toys made of kneecaps of pigs or cows).

Song and dance are an important part of festival activities. According to the Records of the Bohai Sea, "officials and people are happy when they meet at the age of 20, and shillings can sing good dancers, marching forward from generation to generation, accompanied by scholars and women, singing in harmony, turning around and chanting' step by step'." Followed by walking on stilts. Up to now, this custom is still enduring. From the first day to the fifth day, people get together, sing, dance, walk on stilts and have a good time. In some places, young people spontaneously organize performance teams to perform in villages and celebrate the New Year, which makes the festive atmosphere even stronger.

Manchu people are used to using refined flour, eggs, sugar, sesame seeds and green vegetables during the Spring Festival.