Which varieties are better in production, whether fresh or dried?

(1) Ziziphus jujuba.

It is an excellent variety mainly produced in Hebei and Shandong, with a long cultivation history. At present, new varieties such as Jinsifeng, Jinsimi, Jinsixin 1, Jinsixin No.2, Jinsixin No.3, Jinsixin No.4, Lejin 1 and Lejin No.2 newly bred in Hebei and Shandong are all cultivated by excellent single plants, and their comprehensive properties and quality are superior to those of the currently cultivated Jinsixiaozu trees. So we should develop new varieties. The existing jujube orchard should improve the quality of single plant and improve the overall excellent level of jujube orchard by high grafting and changing heads. And constantly breeding new varieties, so that the comprehensive characteristics of the cultivated golden jujube are getting better and better, and the quality is getting better and better, so that this ancient variety is constantly improved. The same should be true of other local varieties, so I won't go into details here.

① Variety characteristics: Cangzhou, Hebei, Dezhou and Binzhou, Shandong, with a long cultivation history. At present, there are more than 20 strains cultivated, and there are great differences among plants. The fruit is small, with an average weight of 5 grams, thin peel, bright red or purple, smooth surface, bright and beautiful. The pulp is milky white, dense and crisp, rich in fruit juice, sweet and slightly sour, containing 34% ~ 38% soluble solids, with an edible rate of 95% ~ 97%, fresh and dry, with a drying rate of 55% ~ 58%. Dried jujube has dark red skin, bright color, small stone, thick and thin meat, full and elastic, and the sugar content of pulp is 74%. The adaptability of jujube is poor, so it needs loam to highlight the excellent quality of this variety. On sandy soil, the quality and yield decrease, and the trees grow early. Salt-tolerant, it can grow in saline-alkali land with salt content below 0.3%, and the quality and yield of jujube grown in Cangzhou saline-alkali land are good. The average daily temperature at flowering stage should be above 22℃ to facilitate fruit setting. When the fruit is ripe, it rains, and it is easy to crack and rot. The fruit ripens in Cangzhou in late September, and fresh food is picked in the first and middle of September. Generally, it is picked at the beginning of 10 when the fruit has a sugar core. The tree is weak, open and big. Large amount of flowers and low natural fruit setting rate.

(2) Cultivation points: loam or clay loam with suitable climate and deep soil layer should be selected for cultivation, which is suitable for middle crown planting. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water, control the growth of jujube head before flowering, and take technical measures to improve the fruit setting rate during flowering to ensure high quality and high yield of jujube. Strengthen pest control focusing on Tetranychus urticae and jujube rust, and pay attention to calcium supplementation in cultivation to reduce fruit cracking in the later stage. For other reference materials, please refer to the relevant part of this book.

(2) Approximate number four

This variety was bred by the Fruit Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the natural hybrid seedling of Approximate No.2, and its comprehensive characters and fruit quality were better than those of the original approximate jujube.

Variety characteristics: the fruit is long and cylindrical, weighing 10 ~ 12g, with uniform size, thin purple skin, white flesh, dense texture, crisp and sweet meat, good taste, containing 40% ~ 45% soluble solids, edible rate of fresh dates of 97.3% and drying rate of about 55%. Dried jujube is light brown red, thick and elastic, bright and beautiful, and resistant to storage and transportation. At the end of September,/kloc-0 expires at the beginning of 0. Strong adaptability, the average daily temperature of flowering period is 2 1 ~ 22℃, and fruit can be set, with early fruit bearing and good yield. High yield can be obtained without girdling technology at flowering stage, and it can grow in mountains, plains and saline-alkali land. Resistance to anthracnose, ring rot and fruit cracking in general years. Can be developed in the north and south of China.

② Cultivation points: In the case of good management level, it is not necessary to take measures to open flowers and improve fruit setting at flowering stage, and the temperature requirement at flowering stage is not as high as that of Jinsi Xiaozu, so the cultivation area is smaller than Jinsi Xiaozu. Other key references are golden silk jujube.

(3) praise the crystal

Hebei Agricultural University and Zanhuang County Forestry Bureau selected excellent single plants from Zanhuang Jujube, which passed the provincial examination and approval in 2004. It is the only triploid jujube at present.

① Variety characteristics: the fruit is nearly round, with a single fruit weight of 22.3g and a maximum fruit weight of 31g.. Fresh jujube contains 28.6% total sugar and 0.3 1% total acid. Its flesh is green and white, crisp and tender, sweet and slightly sour, and it is suitable for fresh eating, drying and processing candied dates. The drying rate is 56.3%, and the sugar content of dried jujube is 63.4%. The local fruit ripens in mid-September. These trees are strong and open. This variety is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, poor in resistance to rust and jujube witches' broom, and easy to crack when it is ripe in rain.

② Cultivation points: It is not suitable for introduction in rainy places in autumn, and attention should be paid to preventing rust and jujube witches' broom in cultivation. The self-pollination rate is low, so other varieties should be used for pollination, and Zanhuang County should use spotted jujube as pollination tree. In order to improve the yield of jujube, Zanhuang jujube also applied flowering and opening technology, and achieved good results. Calcium should be supplemented during fruit growth to prevent fruit cracking. Other management refers to golden jujube.

(4) Jujube

① Variety characteristics: Also known as Diaozao and Changzao, they are mainly distributed in Jinghe River and its tributaries at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu. The fruit is large, with an average single fruit weight of 2 1.6 g and uneven size. Thin peel, ochre red, uneven fruit surface, longitudinal groove and small fruit point. The pulp is thick, milky white, dense and crisp, sweet and juicy, containing 30.2% ~ 32.2% soluble solids, and the edible rate is 97.8%. In terms of fresh food quality, the drying rate is 30% ~ 40%. Local fruit 10 is early maturing. This tree is tall, dry and straight. Early fruiting and high yield. Strong adaptability, cold resistance, wind resistance, salt tolerance, avoid dry hot wind and low temperature rainy weather in flowering period, and do not resist fruit cracking in mature period.

② Cultivation points: Young trees should pay attention to control the upright branches, cultivate flat and oblique branches so as to bear fruit in advance, and have high requirements on fertilizer and water management, and pay attention to prevent fruit cracking when mature. For others, refer to Fresh in July.

(5) bacteria and algae

① Variety characteristics: produced in Jiaocheng, Shanxi, cultivated for more than 1000 years. The fruit is large and cylindrical, with an average fruit weight of 22.9 grams. The peel is thin, deep red and the fruit surface is smooth. The pulp is thick, the meat is crisp, and the juice is sweet, containing 33% soluble solids. Local fruits ripen in mid-September. Fresh food, drying, processing candied dates and jujube wine can be used. Trees are strong, tall, dry, semi-open, bear fruit early and have high yield. Drought tolerance, salt tolerance and jujube witches' broom resistance. Fruit is easy to crack when it ripens in the rain, which is suitable for planting in areas with little rain in autumn.

② Cultivation key points: It is suitable to cultivate medium-crown or big-crown trees, and young trees should pay attention to controlling straight branches and cultivating flat and oblique fruiting branches to facilitate early fruiting.

(6) Jinchang 1

In 2003, the excellent single plant selected from Hu Ping jujube in Gubei township passed the provincial examination and approval.

① Variety characteristics: the fruit is large and short, cylindrical, with an average single fruit weight of 30.2g and a maximum fruit weight of 80.3g. The peel is deep red, thin and the fruit surface is smooth. The pulp is light green, crisp and juicy, with sweet and sour fruit flavor, soluble solids of 38.4% and edible rate of 98.6%. The dried jujube is tender, fragrant and sweet, and the drying rate is 73.5%. When the fruit is ripe, it is easy to crack when it rains, and it ripens in late September. The tree body is strong, the tree posture is relatively open, the jujube head has strong germination and strong growth potential. Drought-resistant, barren, and grow well in cohesive and weakly alkaline soil. Resistance to jujube witches' broom, anthracnose and rust.

② Cultivation points: It can be developed as a substitute variety of Hu Ping Jujube, but it is not suitable to be developed in places where there are many autumn rains during fruit maturity. The vigorous growth of straight branches should be controlled in the young tree period, and jujube heads should be picked at the early stage of fruit setting to make the tree grow and bear fruit correctly. Calcium should be properly supplemented in the later stage of fruit growth to reduce fruit cracking.

(7) Yuanling 1

① Variety characteristics: It was bred from jujube by Fruit Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and passed the provincial examination and approval in 2000. The fruit is cylindrical, and the average single fruit weight is 16 ~ 18g. The skin is purple-brown, medium thickness, dull and uneven. The pulp is green and white, dense, sweet, with little juice, soluble solids of 33% and edible rate of 97.2%. Fruit ripens in early and middle September. When the fruit is ripe, it is not easy to crack when it rains. The quality of dried dates is also good, and the drying rate is 60%. The tree is tall and open. Strong adaptability, barren resistance, salt and alkali resistance, clay loam, sandy soil and gravel sand all grow well. The average daily temperature in fruit-setting period is above 22℃.

② Key points of cultivation: Suitable for medium and large crown trees. Picking the seeds with jujube heads at the young tree stage will promote the fruits and realize the early harvest.

(8) seedless jujube

Seedless jujube is an ancient variety mixed in Jinsixiaozao Garden in Hebei and Shandong jujube areas. Jujube pit has degenerated and only a thin nuclear membrane remains, and the fruit quality is excellent, but the fruit is small and the yield is low, but it is convenient to eat, the market price is high, the unit economic benefit is high, and the cultivation area is increased. At present, the new lines selected from seedless jujube and approved at the provincial level are Cangwu 1, seedless red, Cangwu No.3, seedless abundant, Leling seedless 1 and so on. Its comprehensive characters and single fruit weight are better than the original seedless jujube, so it should be popularized vigorously.

① Variety characteristics: Seedless Feng was selected by Qingxian Forestry Bureau of Hebei Province and passed the provincial examination and approval in 2003. The fruit is oblong, with an average single fruit weight of 4.63g, sweet taste, seedless rate 100% and drying rate of 65%. The quality of fresh food is excellent. The tree has moderate potential, strong branches and an open posture. Early fruiting, no age, high yield. The local fruit ripened in mid-September, and there was no fruit drop before harvest. Fruit cracking is light. Drought resistance, salt and alkali tolerance.

Laoling seedless 1 was bred by Dezhou Forestry Bureau and Shandong Laoling Forestry Bureau, and passed the provincial examination and approval on 1997. The fruit is long and cylindrical, with an average single fruit weight of 5.7 grams. The surface of the fruit is smooth, the skin is thin and bright red, the flesh is yellow and white, the flesh is crisp, the juice is sweet, and the soluble solid content is 34.3%. The core is film-shaped, and it has no hard feeling when eaten, and the edible rate is close to 100%. Both fresh and dried are great. The local fruit ripens in mid-September. Dried jujube has bright color, few and shallow wrinkles, delicate, sweet but not bitter, and good quality. The drying rate is 58.65438 0%. The tree is tall, dry, with upright trunk branches, strong tree potential and high yield. Strong resistance, light cracking of mature fruit in rain.

② Cultivation points: refers to the jujube part.

(9) Sihong Jujube

① Variety characteristics: It originated in Shangtang Town, Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, and was selected as a tribute in the Ming Dynasty. Introduced by fruit tree seed farm of Wulijiang Farm in Sihong County on 1985, it passed the provincial examination and approval on 1995. The fruit is oblong or ovoid, and the fruit is large, with an average single fruit weight of 30 grams and a maximum fruit weight of 107 grams. The peel is medium-thick, purple-red, the fruit surface is uneven and slightly ribbed, the flesh is light green, the meat is crisp, juicy and sweet, and the soluble solid content is 30% ~ 36%. Suitable for raw and processed candied dates. Local fruits ripen in the middle and late September. When the fruit is ripe, it will not crack when it rains. Strong trees, open posture and strong branches. Strong adaptability, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, wind resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren resistance and jujube witches' broom resistance.

(2) Cultivation key points: The upright branches should be controlled in the young tree stage to reduce vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth and early fruiting. Other reference dates are cultivation.

(10) jujube

① Variety characteristics: native to Xinzheng, Henan Province, with a cultivation history of more than 2,700 years. The fruit is obovate, with an average single fruit weight of12.3g. The surface of the fruit is smooth, the peel is orange-red, the flesh is green and white, the meat is dense and sweet, the soluble solid content is 30%, the edible rate is 97.3%, and it is suitable for drying, fresh eating and processing, and the quality is excellent. The drying rate is about 50%. Local fruits ripen in mid-September and crack easily when it rains. The tree is open and the tree is big. The requirements for soil are not strict.

② Cultivation points: Not suitable for planting in areas with heavy autumn rain.

(1 1) Guanyang jujube

① Variety characteristics: Also called Naizao, mainly produced in Guanyang, Guangxi. The fruit is long and cylindrical, and the tip of the fruit is skewed to one side. The average weight of a single fruit 14.3g, the skin is dark red, thin and shiny, the flesh is yellow and white, the flesh is thin and crisp, the juice is less, the taste is sweet, the edible rate is 96.9%, and the soluble solid content is 27.9%. Suitable for processing candied dates and fresh food. The drying rate is 35% ~ 40%. Local fruits ripen in early August and fully ripen in early September. Strong adaptability to soil and climate. The tree is tall and dry, and the tree is open. Good early fruiting and high and stable yield.

② Cultivation points: Suitable for planting in southern jujube area.