What is the law of weather change?

What is the distribution law of the world climate? What is the reason for it? The distribution law of the world climate is directly reflected in the arrangement and combination of various climate types. Generally, it can be divided into latitude zonality, non-latitude zonality and vertical zonality. (1) latitude zonality. This is the basic law of the world climate distribution. It is caused by zonal factors, that is, the thermal difference caused by the uneven distribution of solar light and heat on the earth's surface, and the resulting global pressure belt, wind belt and its seasonal movement, leading to the general trend of climate types changing according to latitude. The earth's surface is divided into five basic climatic zones, which are divided according to the amount of solar light and heat, and are bounded by the tropic of cancer and the polar circle, commonly known as latitude zones. In addition, with the isotherm of the hottest monthly average temperature 10℃ and the isotherm of the hottest Leng Yue average temperature 18℃ as the boundary, three zones of cold, temperature and heat are divided, and this climatic zone is called the temperature zone. Basically, it is also divided by latitude and extends along the latitude direction. Latitudinal zonality of climate is particularly obvious in the low latitudes and high latitudes of the mainland, because the contradiction between cold and warm is relatively stable in these two latitudes. The former receives more sunlight and heat, and warm air is the main aspect of contradiction, with high temperature all year round and long summer without winter; The latter accepts less sunlight and heat, and cold air is the main contradiction. The temperature is low all year round, and winter is long without summer. Therefore, at these two latitudes, all climate types appear alternately from north to south according to latitude, and most of them are distributed in strips, and some even cross the east and west sides of the continent. For example, in low latitudes, there is a red and rainy climate on both sides of the equator on all continents; On both sides of the equatorial rainy climate zone, there is a tropical dry and wet season climate; From the tropical dry and wet season climate zone to the outside, roughly on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer, it reaches the west coast of the mainland, which belongs to the tropical arid and semi-arid climate. High latitude polar ice sheet climate, polar long cold climate and continental climate in sub-cold zone are all climate types with obvious latitude zonality. From all continents, the zonality of climate latitude is most prominent in Africa. Compared with other continents, its outline is relatively simple, the ground is not undulating, and it is mainly located in low-latitude tropical areas, and its climate types change with latitude, and its arrangement is almost symmetrical. Eurasia and northern North America are located in high latitudes, with vast land and obvious zonality of climate latitude. The climate types change from north to south in turn, especially the polar long cold climate and the continental climate in the sub-cold zone are distributed in strips, spanning the east and west sides of the mainland. (2) No latitude zonality. Due to non-zonal factors such as land and sea distribution, ocean currents and topography, the zonality of climate is damaged to varying degrees. The climate in the same latitude zone is different from that in the west coast, inland and east coast, regional differences caused by different topographic conditions, and differences between maritime climate and continental climate. Especially in mid-latitude areas, because in mid-latitude areas, cold and warm air is often in a state of struggle and transformation, and seasonal and non-periodic changes such as temperature and precipitation are very obvious. The land area in the mid-latitude area of the northern hemisphere is particularly vast, and the contrast between the maritime climate and the continental climate is remarkable, especially the continental climate, and there are regular differences between the east and west coasts of the mainland. On the west coast of each continent in the mid-latitude zone, it changes in the order of temperate maritime climate-Mediterranean climate-tropical arid climate, and connects with the continental climate in the sub-frigid zone in the high latitude zone and the tropical dry and wet season climate in the low latitude zone. There are temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate and tropical monsoon climate in the eastern part of Eurasia. Because North America is smaller than Eurasia, the thermal difference between land and sea is not as strong as Eurasia in winter and summer, and the monsoon circulation between land and sea is not as obvious as Eurasia, the climate types on the east coast of North America are temperate continental humid climate, subtropical humid climate and tropical maritime climate. As for the southern hemisphere, the continental area is not wide, the South American continent is shrinking to the temperate zone, and there is no land extending southward south of 40 south latitude in Africa and Australia, so there is no monsoon climate on the east coast of the mainland, and the climate types are incomplete and limited in distribution. In the vast inland areas far from the ocean in mid-latitude, it is controlled by polar continental air masses and tropical continental air masses all the year round, and has typical continental climate characteristics. According to latitude, it belongs to temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate and subtropical continental arid and semi-arid climate. (3) Vertical zonality of climate. The towering mountains show unique vertical zonality of climate. Its height change is the same as latitude change, but the causes and specific characteristics of vertical climate zone and horizontal latitude in mountainous areas are not exactly the same. The number and order of vertical zoning in mountainous areas mainly depend on the height and latitude of mountainous areas. The mountains in the equatorial region with sufficient height have the most complete and complex vertical zoning map, while the mountains in the high latitude tundra region have the simplest vertical zoning map. In addition, the starting point and sequence of vertical zoning are also very different because of the different distance or slope direction of mountains in the same latitude zone.

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