Ask for Zambia’s customs, customs and economic conditions

Country name: The Republic of Zambia

National motto One Zambia, One Nation

Translation: One Zambia, One Nation

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The country’s name is derived from the Zambezi River.

Also known as the country of copper mines

National anthem "Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free" ("Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free")

Lyrics based on the tune of "God Bless Africa".

Area 753,000 square kilometers

National flower Bougainvillea

Population 11.668 million

There are 73 ethnic groups

Religion: 72% of the residents believe in Christianity, and the rest believe in primitive religions.

Language English is the official language.

Capital Lusaka

Main cities and functions Ndola, the second largest city in Zambia and the capital of Copperbelt Province, has a population of about 600,000 and is the industrial center of Zambia. Kabwe, the capital of Central Province, has a population of about 500,000. Kitwe, located in the Copperbelt Province, is where the main copper mines are located and has a population of about 400,000. Livingstone, the capital of Southern Province, is a major tourist city with a population of about 100,000.

Currency Zambian Kwacha KW.;K. ZMK 1ZMK=100 nywee (Enwee)

Attractions Mosiotunya Falls, Lake Kariba.

Independence Day: October 24 (1964)

National Day: October 24 (1964)

National flag: rectangular, as long as The width ratio is 3:2. The flag is green. The vertical rectangle on the lower right is made up of three parallel and equal vertical strips of red, black and orange. Above it is an eagle spreading its wings. Green symbolizes the country's natural resources, red symbolizes the struggle for freedom, black represents Zambians and orange symbolizes the country's mineral deposits. The flying eagle symbolizes Zambia's independence and freedom.

National emblem; the shield-shaped pattern in the middle is composed of black and white ripples, symbolizing the famous Mosi Otunya Falls. The shield is flanked by black men in worker uniforms and black women in national costumes, symbolizing the fraternal family of black Africans. The hoe and pickaxe crossed at the top of the coat of arms symbolize the country's farmers and miners; the eagle on it symbolizes Zambia's independence, freedom and the country's ability to solve the problems it faces. The lower end of the coat of arms is a green field, symbolizing fertile land; the corn on the green field symbolizes agriculture and crops; the mines and zebras symbolize the country's rich natural resources. The ribbon at the bottom reads "One Zambia, One Country" in English.

National dignitaries: President Rupiah Banda, elected in November 2008.

Customs Zambians are cheerful and good at singing and dancing. Dancing is their favorite traditional entertainment. The streets in Zambian cities are wide and the houses are neat and beautiful. Rural houses are smaller and generally made of bricks. Zambia has a mild climate, so summer clothes can be worn year-round. The staple food of the Zambian people is cornmeal, flour, and rice, accompanied by various vegetables and fruits.

Taboos and Etiquette Zambians attach great importance to etiquette. After friends meet, they hold each other's hands tightly with both hands, shake them up and down, and exchange warm greetings. Zambian people are hospitable. Whenever a guest comes to their door, the host will warmly welcome them and entertain them with coffee, soda, fruits, snacks, etc. Zambians are friendly to others. When cars bump into each other on the road, they don't get out of the car to blame each other or have a big quarrel. Instead, they each check the damage of their own cars and wait for the police to deal with it. Everything is done in accordance with the law. Hitchhiking is common here, and the drivers don't take anything for anything. There are many taboos in Zambia, which vary from region to region. For example, the hostess generally does not receive guests; it is taboo to hand things with the left hand, because using the left hand alone is insulting.

Population: 11.2 million (2002 estimate). Most of them are black people of Bantu language family. There are 73 tribes, among which the Pemba tribe accounts for about 18% of the country's population, the Tonga tribe accounts for 10%, and others include the Lozi tribe, the Ngoni tribe and the Lunda tribe. 70,000 Eurasians. The official language is English, and there are 31 tribal languages. Most rural residents believe in primitive religions, while the rest believe in Christianity and Catholicism.

Capital: Lusaka, population 2 million (2001 estimate). It is located on the plateau in the central and southern part of the country, with an average altitude of 1,280 meters. The population is approximately 870,000. It was built in 1905 and emerged with the laying of the railway. It has been the capital of the colony of Northern Rhodesia since 1955. After Zambia gained independence in 1964, it was designated as the capital. It is a national industrial and commercial center and an important distribution center for agricultural products.

Administrative division: The country is divided into 9 provinces and 68 counties. Province names: Luapula, North, North West, Copperbelt, Central, East, West, South, Lusaka.

Physical geography:

Area 752,614 square kilometers. A landlocked country located in south-central Africa. It borders Tanzania to the northeast, Malawi to the east, Mozambique to the southeast, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, Angola to the west, and Congo (DRC) and Tanzania to the north. Most areas within the territory are plateaus with an altitude of 1,000-1,500 meters, and the terrain generally slopes from northeast to southwest. The whole territory is divided into five regions based on landforms: the East African Rift Valley region in the northeast, the Katanga Plateau region in the north, the Kalahari Basin region in the southwest, the Luangwa-Malawi Plateau region in the southeast, and the Luangwa River Basin in the central region. area. Mafunga Mountain on the northeastern border is 2,164 meters above sea level, the highest point in the country. The Zambezi River flows through the west and south, with the famous Mosi Otunya Falls (Victoria Falls) on the river. The upper reaches of the Congo River (Zaire River) and the Luapula River originate in the territory.

Zambia has many rivers, a dense water network, and very rich water resources. The main river is the Zambezi River. This is the fourth largest river in Africa, 2660 kilometers long, flowing through the west and south. The famous Victoria Falls is located on this river. It is also one of the seven natural wonders of the world and a famous tourist attraction in Zambia. The Congo River is a tributary of the Zambezi River. It originates from the upper reaches of the Zambezi River and is the boundary river with the Democratic Republic of Congo. In addition, the Luangwa River originates from the mountains in the northeastern part of Zambia, passes through the entire Oriental Province from northeast to southwest, and flows into Mozambique after converging with the Zambezi River in the border town of Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Cabo La Basa Lake.

Zambia has a tropical climate. Because it is located on a plateau at an altitude of 1,000-1,300 meters, the humidity is low, and the temperature is cooler than other tropical African countries. The local area has the following three seasons: Dry and cold season: May-August, 15.6-26.7℃. Dry hot season: September to November, 26.7-32.2℃. Hot and humid season: December to April, 26.7-32.2℃, it is the rainy season. The national average annual rainfall is 1,270 mm, and the capital Lusaka is about 760 mm. You can wear summer clothes all year round, but in the dry and cold season, the temperature difference between day and night is large, so you must wear a sweater.

[Edit this paragraph] 2. History

Around the 16th century, some Bantu tribes began to settle in this area. From the 16th century to the 19th century, the Kingdom of Lunda, the Kingdom of Karolo and the Kingdom of Baroz were successively established in the territory. At the end of the 18th century, Portuguese and British colonists invaded one after another. In 1911, British colonists named this area the "Northern Rhodesia Protectorate" and it was administered by the "British South Africa Company". In 1924, the British appointed a governor-general to exercise direct rule. On September 3, 1953, Britain forcibly merged Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now Malawi) into the "Federation of Central Africa". Due to the opposition of the people of the three countries, the "Federation of Central Africa" ??disintegrated in December 1963. In January 1964, Northern Rhodesia implemented internal autonomy. The United National Independence Party formed an "internal self-government". On October 24 of the same year, it officially declared independence and named the country the Republic of Zambia, but it remained in the Commonwealth. , Kaunda became president. In August 1973, a new constitution was adopted, announcing that Zambia had entered the Second Democratic Republic.

[Edit this paragraph] 3. Politics

The constitution was revised in August 1991, stipulating that the highest power of the country belongs to the president. The President is the head of state and government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term, which can be re-elected for two terms; a presidential cabinet system is implemented, the position of the prime minister is abolished, a vice president is added, and cabinet ministers are appointed by the president from among the members; the legislative, judicial and executive powers are separated under the presidential responsibility system system. Opposition parties are allowed to exist. In June 1996, the Parliament revised the constitution again, adding clauses such as "the parents and himself of the presidential candidate must be Zambians" and "chiefs cannot engage in politics." The National Assembly is the country's highest legislative body and has a unicameral system. It has 150 seats and the president can select 8 additional designated members.

News and publishing: The main newspapers and periodicals include "Zambia Daily Mail", the official newspaper, "Zambia Times", "Z Magazine", English newspapers and periodicals. In addition, there are "Daily Express", "Weekly Mail", "National Mirror" and so on. The Zambia News Agency is the official news agency established in January 1969. Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation, established in 1988. It has a television station and 3 radio stations. Zan is the seat of the Southern Africa regional branch of the Pan African Press Agency. The bureau covers Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Diplomacy: Pursue the foreign policy of non-alignment and good-neighborliness, emphasize diplomatic diversification, and advocate the development of friendly and cooperative relations with other countries around the world on the basis of mutual respect, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and combine "good neighborliness" with , democracy, freedom, human rights and peace” as the cornerstone of foreign policy. Focus on economic diplomacy, strive for foreign aid, and attract investment. Advocates the establishment of a new international political and economic order. It attaches great importance to the development of relations with neighboring countries, is committed to the political and economic integration of the region and the peaceful resolution of conflicts in southern Africa, and supports the establishment of the "African Union".

Relations with China: On October 29, 1964, Zambia established diplomatic relations with China. In November 2003, Zambian President Mwanawasa paid a state visit to China.

In December 2005, Zambian Vice President Lupando Mwape paid an official visit to China. The bilateral trade volume between China and Zambia has reached a record high.

[Edit this paragraph] 4. Economy

The economic structure is simple, dominated by mining. It is rich in natural resources, mainly copper. With copper reserves of more than 900 million tons, accounting for about 6% of the world's total copper reserves, Zambia is known as the "country of copper mines". Zambia is the world's fourth largest copper producer, with a copper output of approximately 400,000 tons in 2004. Cobalt is an associated mineral of copper, with reserves of about 350,000 tons, ranking second in the world. In addition, there are lead, cadmium, selenium, nickel, iron, gold, silver, zinc, tin, uranium, emerald, crystal, vanadium, graphite, mica and other minerals. The national forest coverage rate is 43%. The mining industry is relatively developed and is one of the three pillars of Zambia's national economy. Its main body is the mining and smelting of copper and cobalt ores. It is the fourth largest copper producer and the second largest cobalt producer in the world. The manufacturing industry is relatively backward and relies on imported raw materials and technology. Mainly include chemical fertilizers, textiles, cement, glass, grain processing, sugar refining, copper products, tires, sawn wood, automobile assembly, etc. Energy mainly comes from electricity, oil, wood and coal. Except for crude oil, which relies on imports, everything else is self-sufficient. Zambia is rich in hydropower resources, accounting for about 97% of the total electricity. Zambia mainly imports oil from the Middle East. Agriculture is an important sector of Zambia's national economy, ranking first among the three pillar industries, with output value accounting for approximately 17% of the GDP. About half of the country's population is engaged in agriculture. There are about 9 million hectares of arable land and about 1.44 million hectares of cultivated land. The land is fertile and the climate is mild, suitable for growing a variety of crops. The main crops are corn, peanuts, cotton, tobacco, etc. In normal years, corn can be self-sufficient. Zan's cultivated land generally lacks irrigation systems, crops are less resistant to disasters, and agricultural production is highly dependent on weather. The tourism industry includes the world-famous Victoria Falls and 19 national wildlife parks, of which Kafue National Park covers the largest area. Zambia also has 32 hunting management areas.

[Edit this paragraph] 5. Attractions

Lake Kariba is located 197 kilometers south of Lusaka. In 1938, the Kariba Hydropower Station was built on the Zambian side of the Zambezi River. The dam was intercepted to form the huge Kariba Reservoir. The reservoir dam is 128 meters high and 127 meters long. The road above the dam is 12 meters wide. The reservoir capacity is 200 trillion cubic meters. It is also one of the largest artificial lakes in the world - Lake Kariba, with a length of 282 kilometers, a maximum width of 32 kilometers, and a total area of ??2,000 square miles. There are some entertainment and leisure resorts built along the lake, and boats can be rented for boating and fishing on the lake.

Mosi Otunya Falls is a large waterfall at the junction of the upper and middle reaches of the Zambezi River in Africa. On the border with Zimbabwe to the west of Maramba City, Zambia. The waterfall forms a zigzag canyon that stretches for 97 kilometers. The main waterfall is 122 meters tall and about 1,800 meters wide. It is divided into five sections by a rock island and flows into a deep pool only 400 meters wide. The flying fog and sound can reach as far as 15 kilometers. The annual average flow of the waterfall is 1,400 m3/s, and can reach 5,620 m3/s in the rainy season. The water power reserves are huge. There is a hydropower station built on the Zambian side. It is a world-famous tourist destination.

There are many waterfalls in the world, each with its own characteristics. Victoria Falls (Mosiotunya Falls) on the middle reaches of the Zambezi River is famous for its majestic and surging water mist. It is one of the three largest waterfalls in the world, a famous tourist attraction, and one of the seven natural wonders in the world. Listed on the list of wonders, it attracts thousands of international tourists every day.

The Zambezi River is the largest river in southern Africa, with a total length of 2,660 kilometers. It flows through Angola, Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and other countries. The river in the upper reaches of Zambezi is clear and calm, and elephants and crocodiles often roam leisurely in the grass beside the river. However, when the Zambezi River reaches a place not far from the junction of western Zambia and Zimbabwe, a dark, thousand-foot canyon suddenly appears, blocking the way of the river. Suddenly turning over on a cliff about 1,800 meters wide, the vast expanse of silver waves fell into a canyon about 120 meters deep, rolling up thousands of piles of snow and thousands of fog. I saw rolling snow waves and turbulent currents. The wind roared and thundered in the canyon, like thousands of troops and horses galloping in. It seemed like the mountains were shaking and the earth was shaking, which was thrilling. This thunderous roar that is emitted day and night can travel more than ten kilometers away. The spray and mist caused by the waterfall can reach an altitude of 1,500 meters, forming smoke-like columnar white clouds that linger in the sky and are vaguely visible from a radius of fifty or sixty kilometers away. Those who come to the Zambe River for the first time, even if they are still far away, can quickly find this world-famous and magnificent waterfall as long as they look at the cloud pillars in the sky and listen to the sound. It is truly a spectacle rarely seen in the world.

The first European to discover this waterfall was the British missionary Livingstone. He came here on November 16, 1855, so he named it Victoria Falls after the Queen of England at that time, and described with emotion: "Those pouring rapids are like countless comets trailing white light falling in one direction. The scenery is so wonderful that even if an angel flies over, he will still look back. "On October 24, 1964, after Zambia became independent, it restored its original name - Mosiotunya Falls, which in the local Lozi language, "Mosiotunya" means "thundering rain and mist".

However, in the local area, foreigners still call it Victoria Falls. One-third of the waterfall is in Zimbabwe, and the most majestic part is also there. If you have seen the waterfalls in Zambia, you can go directly to Zimbabwe to see them, just on both sides. The visa fee is approximately US$100.

This large waterfall is the starting point of the middle reaches of the Zambezi River. From here the Zambezi River enters the gorge area. The canyon that the waterfall pours into is the first canyon in the canyon area. It is about two kilometers long from east to west and about 90 meters wide. Starting from this canyon, there are seven canyons in a row, most of which run east-west. Between each two canyons, there is a short north-south canyon connected, forming a Z-shape, stretching for 130 kilometers, forming a rare natural chasm in the world.

Below the deep pool where the waterfall flows, there is a dual-purpose iron bridge for railways and highways connecting the two sides, known as the Knife Point Bridge. The bridge is more than 2 meters wide, has a span of about 30 meters, a total length of more than 197 meters, and a height of 102 meters from the water. It was built in 1905. There is a white line in the center of the bridge, which is the national boundary between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Daojian Bridge is the best place to watch the waterfall. With this bridge, even though the walls are surrounded by cliffs and dangerous valleys, people can stroll over the deep pool and enjoy the spectacular scenery of splashing waves and mist. Standing on the bridge and looking down, the torrential snow waves and the terrifying abyss are indeed frightening. When walking on the bridge to view the waterfall, you must hold an umbrella, otherwise your whole body will be baptized by the passion of the waterfall. Because the waves and steaming smoke caused by the giant waterfall bathe the iron bridge every second. If the sun shines through, the rain and fog will break up into a gorgeous colorful rainbow that will last for a long time. If it is a clear full moon night in the rainy season, the moonlight will refract it into a "moonbow". The beautiful scenery of the Moonlit Colorful Bridge, which seems to be flying in the air, is particularly wonderful. There is also a beautiful legend here. It is said that under the deep pool of the waterfall, there is a group of beautiful girls like flowers. They beat African golden drums day and night. This drum sound is the waterfall we hear day and night. The sound of thunder. The girls all wear brightly colored clothes, and the bright colors are reflected by the silver light of the waterfall into the blue sky, thus turning into a beautiful rainbow. If there is a bright moon in the sky, it will naturally appear as a "moon rainbow". The girls always beat drums and dance at the same time, and their joyful dance steps splash all kinds of water, so there is a mist of rain and mist. This fusion of legend and beautiful scenery is truly wonderful.

The waterfall itself is very wide. Due to its different terrain and separation by rock islands, on the Zimbabwe side, people can also follow the trail and enjoy the different scenery of each section of Mosi Otunya from west to east. The westernmost section is about 30 meters wide. The waterfall is so majestic and terrifying that people call it Devil's Falls. Adjacent to it is the main waterfall, which has a huge volume of water, like thousands of horses galloping. It is about 93 meters high and has a crack in the middle. To the west of the main waterfall is Waterfall Island, and to the east is Nan Makabua Island. The old name of South Makabwa Island is Livingstone Island, which was named after Livingstone arrived on the island by canoe. A waterfall on the east side of Makabuwa Island flows through a headland. The waterfall is shaped like a crescent moon, so it is called Horseshoe Falls. Further east is the highest section of the waterfall, with a drop of about 120 meters. This section is called Rainbow Falls. Over the green mountains, there are often colorful rainbows hanging, coupled with the erratic silver mist as thin as a gauze, it is like being in a fairyland, in a trance. Next to Rainbow Falls is Armchair Falls. This is a depression that often becomes a deep pool during the dry season. The easternmost one is the East Falls, which often dries up during the dry season, revealing a thousand-hundred-year-old cliff. During the rainy season, each section of the waterfall is covered with tens of thousands of hangings, which is extremely spectacular. The annual average flow of the waterfall is 1,400 cubic meters per second, and in the rainy season, it can reach 5,000 cubic meters per second. The best month to view the waterfall is from after Christmas to March-April of the next year. Very majestic. If you come to Zambia for work or tourism, you will regret it if you don’t go there and take a look.

On the east side of the first canyon where the waterfall pours, there is a north-south canyon, which cuts the south wall into east and west sections. The canyon is only more than 60 meters wide, and the entire Zambezi River The huge current rolled and roared out of this canyon. The end of the canyon is called the "Boiling Pot". The countless deep vortices formed are like boiling raging waves, rolling and roaring in a natural cauldron.

The two sections of the south wall are called the rainforest area, which is connected to the west bank of the Zambezi River and is covered with green trees and grass. The water from the waterfall soars hundreds of meters into the air, filling the area with mist.

After watching the waterfall, you can go to the national park next to it. If you are lucky, you can see elephants and other wild animals. At the same time, if you drive to Livingstone, you must drive a 4*4 jeep. Ordinary cars cannot drive there because the road is too bad. A Chinese company is currently building the road, and it is estimated that it will be completed around May 2009.

6. National Defense

Implement a voluntary military service system. There are about 21,600 people on active duty, and the annual military expenditure is about 139 million US dollars.