Review materials at the end of the first volume of junior one Chinese (People's Education Edition)

Wen Zhiming wrote A Thousand Words, at the rate of ten books a day, and the books made great progress. I have lived in books all my life, and I have never hesitated, or simply answered people, and I have never taken pains again and again, so the older I get, the more subtle I am.

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Wen Zhiming supervised the writing of Wenziwen, with ten books written every day as the standard, and calligraphy made rapid progress. He has never been careless in writing all his life. Sometimes answering people's letters is a bit incomplete. I must have rewritten it three times and five times, not afraid of trouble. Therefore, the older he is, the more exquisite and beautiful his calligraphy becomes.

Reading training

1. Explain the words added in the following sentences.

(1) This book has made great progress; (2) I was born in a book; (3) written by Wen Zhiming "thousand words".

(4) or write back.

2. Translate "If you don't care enough, over and over again, you will never get tired" into modern Chinese.

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Summarize the heart of this passage in one sentence.

A:

(B) Xue Tan's research

original text

Xue Tan studied in Qin Qing, but he didn't have any skills, so he said he was exhausted and resigned. Stop for a while in Fuzhi, farewell dinner in the suburb of Qu, fondling elegy, and making a deafening noise. Tan Xue is shooting the other side. He never dares to answer his words all his life.

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Xue Tan learned to sing with Qin Qing, but he didn't finish learning Qin Qing's skills. He thought he had finished learning and left for home. Qin Qing did not dissuade him, but gave him a farewell dinner on the roadside outside the city. Qin Qing patted the festival and sang an elegy. The song shook the trees and the sound stopped the clouds. Tan Xue then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue his studies. From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home.

(3) Fan Zhongyan is interested in the world.

original text

Fan Zhongyan is two years old, lonely, poor and helpless. I have little ambition, and I take the world as my responsibility every time. I either study hard or stay out at night and need to face the water. No food, just read with porridge. As an official, every passionate talk about what's going on in the world is desperate. Even after being slandered, Dengzhou was protected by the government. ‖ Zhong Yan works hard and is self-motivated. He doesn't care about meat, and his wife just has enough food and clothing. I often say to myself: "A scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world."

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Fan Zhongyan lost his father at the age of two, and his family was poor and helpless. When he was young, he was ambitious and often washed his face with cold water. I often can't even eat rice, so I eat porridge and insist on reading. After he became an official, he often talked about world events and risked his life. So that some people were demoted for saying bad things, and they were demoted to Dengzhou secretariat by participating in government affairs. Fan Zhongyan tempered himself badly, eating little meat, and his wife and children only took care of themselves. He often recites two sentences in his works: "Scholars worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world."

5. "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" is a famous sentence in The Story of Yueyang Tower written by Fan Zhongyan. Like this article, this sentence has played a role in this article.

(4) sima guang studious's Records of the Words and Actions of Famous Officials in the Three Dynasties.

original text

When Sima Wengong was young, he remembered to ask if he was a human being and gave lectures in groups. All the brothers began to chant and rest. You can recite it twice if you are alone. Those who work harder will go further, and what they recite will be unforgettable for life. Wen Gong once said: "You can't recite a book, or recite its words and think about its meaning at once, or you can get more when you don't sleep in the middle of the night."

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When Sima Guang was young, he was worried that his ability to recite poetry books was not as good as others. Everyone studied and discussed together, and the other brothers had already finished reciting, so they went to play and have a rest; (Sima Guang) A person studies hard, concentrating and studying hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius did when they were studying, until they can recite skillfully. There is more energy in reading now, and the gains will be long-term. The books he intensively reads and recites will be unforgettable for life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without reciting. When you are riding and walking, when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, recite the article you have read and think about its meaning, and you will gain more! "

(5) Ouyang Xiu studied The Deeds of Ouyang Gong.

original text

Ouyang Gong was lonely at the age of four, with a poor family and no assets. Mrs. Tai draws the ground with a shovel and teaches it with calligraphy. Recite many ancient chapters. And it's a little longer, and there are no books to read at home, so I borrowed them from scholars or copied them. Even forget to eat and sleep, but reading is a service. Poetry and prose written since childhood, to adulthood.

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Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family is poor and has no money to study. The wife wrote on the beach with a reed pole and taught him to write. And taught him to read many ancient chapters. When I am old and have no books to read at home, I go to a nearby reader's house to borrow books, and sometimes I copy them. In this way, day and night, sleepless, just concentrate on reading. Poems and essays written since childhood are written at the level of adults, so high.

(6) Wang Mian Monk Temple reads Selected Works of Song and Shi Xue at night.

original text

Wang Mian is from Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered Niu to go to school and sneak into the school to listen to the students' endorsements; Listen to yourself and learn from your memory. At dusk, I forgot my cow, and my father angered me. As good as ever. Mother said, "My son is so stupid that he doesn't listen to anything?" Because the crown is gone, I live by the monk temple. At night, I dive out and sit on the Buddha's lap. I will read with an ever-burning lamp. Buddha statues are full of clay figures, which are hideous and outrageous; Guaner, if you don't know.

3 extracurricular reading of classical Chinese in senior high school entrance examination and its answers

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Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge, and he sneaked into the school to listen to the students. After listening, I always remember it silently. When he came home at night, he forgot all the cows he was grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and gave Wang Mian a good beating. After that, he was still like this. His mother said, "The child is so obsessed with reading, why not let him?" Wang Mian left home and stayed in a temple. At night, he sneaked out and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book in his hand. By the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha, the sound of reading was read until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are clay sculptures, all of which are ferocious and frightening. Child as Wang Mian is, he doesn't seem to see it.

(7) Zhang studied He Lu with great concentration.

original text

Zhang Wuwei is located in the horizontal shop of Jie Bao Temple in the west of the city. There is a short window in his bedroom, and he reads clearly under the window with a book every day. If so, fourteen years. Back to the north, under the window and on the stone, there are traces of double coffins, which still exist today.

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Zhang Jiucheng was banished to Hengpu and lived in Xiesi Temple in the west of the city. The room where he lives has a short window. Every day at dawn, he always stands under the window with a book, reading in the faint morning light. This situation has been going on for fourteen years. When he returned to the north, the trace of his foot was still visible on the stone under the window.

(8) Send Dongyang Horse (excerpt) to Song Lian.

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When I was a child, I was addicted to learning. My family was poor and I couldn't read. Every time I borrow it from the library, I take my own notes and count the days. When the weather is cold, the water in the salt pond freezes into ice and I can't stretch my fingers. I still don't relax reading. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books.

When he grew up, he admired the teachings of saints and suffered from being unable to associate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. He quickly walked out of the hundred miles and brought the scriptures to his fellow villagers. First of all, Delong looked up at the statue, and the room was full of teachers and students, and his words were not slightly degraded. Li Yu left and right, giving doubts and reasoning, and asking questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So, although I am stupid, I have heard of it.

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When I was young, I liked reading. Because my family is poor, I can't afford to buy books. I often borrow books from book collectors, copy them by myself, and calculate to return them at the appointed time. It's cold, and there is ice in the inkstone. My fingers can't bend and stretch, and I dare not be lazy at all. Send it to others immediately after copying, and never dare to exceed the agreed time limit. So others are willing to lend me books, so I can read a lot of books.

When I grow up, I envy people who are moral and knowledgeable, but I am afraid that there will be no masters and celebrities to enlighten me. Once I ran hundreds of miles and asked the local moral and intellectual predecessors with scriptures. Our ancestors were highly respected people, and the students crowded the room. The way he talks never shows any courtesy. I stood (respectfully) around my ancestors and waited, asking him questions and reasons, leaning over and listening attentively; Sometimes I am reprimanded, my attitude becomes respectful, my behavior becomes considerate, and I dare not answer a word; When he is happy, ask him questions. Therefore, although I am stupid, I have gained knowledge and increased my knowledge.

(9) Shi Kuang's learning theory.

original text

Duke Jinping asked Shi Kuang, "I am seventy years old, and I am afraid I am eager to learn." Shi Kuang said, "Why not light a candle?"

Gong Ping said, "An is a minister. Are you kidding me?"

Shi Kuang said, "How dare a blind minister play with the monarch? I heard it: less and more eager to learn, like the sunrise sun; Strong and eager to learn, such as the light of Japan and China; Being old and eager to learn, like a candle, is right and wrong? "

Gong Ping said, "Good!"

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Duke Jinping asked Shi Kuang, "I am seventy years old and want to learn from God, but I am afraid it is too late."

Shi Kuang replied, "Why not light a candle?"

Gong Ping said, "How can courtiers joke with the monarch?"

Shi Kuang said: "I am blind, how dare I tease the monarch. I once heard that when I was a teenager, I liked reading, just like the rising sun. I like studying in middle age, just like the noon sun; I like reading in my later years, as bright as lighting a candle. Which is better, lighting candles or walking in the dark? "

Gong Ping said, "Well said!"

(a 0) Cheng Menxue pear "Song History"

original text

Luo dang saw cheng. He is forty years old. I can't sit still when I see H one day, but I can't stand your left. I feel the snow outside the door is a foot deep.

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Shi Yang went to Luoyang to inquire for Cheng Yi. Shi Yang is about forty years old. When visiting Cheng Yi one day, Cheng Yi occasionally sat and dozed off. Shi Yang and Youzuo stood outside the door, waiting and not leaving. When Gauge woke up, the snow outside was already more than a foot thick.

original text

Kuang Heng is diligent in his studies. He has a candle, but his neighbor has a candle but he didn't catch it. Heng wanted to paint its light through the wall and send a book to reflect the light. City people can't read their surnames. They have money at home and many books. Therefore, Heng is cooperating with him, not claiming compensation. The master asked Heng strangely, and Heng said, "May the master read all the books." The host sighed, gave books and became a university.

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Kuang Heng is diligent and studious, but there is no candle lighting at home. There are candles in the neighbor's house, but the light can't reach his house, so Kuang Heng cut a hole in the wall to attract the neighbor's light, so that the light can shine on the book and read. There is a big family in the same town who is illiterate and rich. There are many books at home. Kuang Heng went to his house as an employee, and he didn't want to be paid. The host was surprised and asked him why. He said, "I hope I can get your book and read it through." Hearing this, the master sighed deeply and lent him the book. Therefore, Kuang Heng became a great scholar.

(12) Zhang Qilu in Ming Dynasty

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Pu is young and eager to learn, so he must pay for his studies. The money was recited once, that is, he burned it and then remembered it. If there are, there will be six or seven. Where the right hand holds the tube, the palm becomes a cocoon. I cooked soup several times in winter, and later it was called "reading lent".

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Zhang Pu loved studying since he was a child. Every book he reads has to be copied by himself, read it once after copying, burn it, and copy it again, and repeat it six or seven times before stopping. Where he holds the pen in his right hand, there are calluses on his palm. Fingers are frozen and cracked in winter, so you should wash them with hot water several times a day. Later, he named the reading room "Seven Records".

(13) learning chess

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Qiu Yi is also a good game for the whole country. Let Qiu Yi bully two people, one concentrate and Qiu Yi listen; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? I said: unnatural.

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Qiu Yi is the best chess player. Let him teach two people to play chess, one of whom is absorbed and only listens to Qiu Yi. While the other party was listening, they always thought it was a swan and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he followed the last one, he didn't learn as well as the last one. Can you say this is because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? I said, that's not true.

(14) Li Sheng is a good scholar.

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Wang Sheng is eager to study, but not to study law. His friend Li Sheng asked him, "Do you think you are not good at studying?" Wang Sheng said nothing but, "I know what the teacher said, but I can learn. Not good? " Li Sheng said: "Confucius said,' Learning without thinking is useless', and learning with thinking is dangerous. If you make up your mind but don't think about it, you will accomplish nothing in the end. What makes you call it good learning? " Wang is worried, but he shouldn't leave. After living for five days, Li Sheng went to see Wang Sheng and told him, "A good scholar is not shy about asking questions. What evil should a good man have? The taboo of scholars is not self-loathing, but to change it. Otherwise, although I want to change my motivation, I'm afraid I can't! " Wang Sheng was surprised and said, "I'm not sensitive. I didn't know how good your words were until today. Please sit on the right as a warning. "

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Wang Sheng likes studying, but he can't. His friend Li Sheng asked him, "Is it true that some people say that you are not good at learning?" Wang Sheng said unhappily, "I can remember everything the teacher said. Isn't that very good at learning? " Li Sheng advised him: "Confucius said,' If you don't think, you will be confused'. Learning means being good at thinking. You just remember what the teacher said, but don't think about it. In the end, nothing will be achieved. What makes you good at learning? " Wang Sheng more angry. He ignored Li Sheng and turned to run. Five days later, Li Sheng went to see Wang Sheng and told him, "People who are good at learning should not be ashamed to ask for advice from people below themselves. They choose the best person, follow him and hope to hear the truth! I haven't finished yet, and you have changed your face, almost refusing people thousands of miles away. What is the attitude a good learner should have? The biggest taboo for learners is not to exceed their own satisfaction. Why not correct it? If you don't correct it, you will delay the years when you get old. Even if you want to mend, I'm afraid it's too late! " After listening to his words, Wang Sheng was shocked, woke up, apologized and said, "I'm really not smart. I didn't know you were right until today. I take your words as a motto to show a clear warning. "

(15) Inquiries about Meng Tu Wen Ji.

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The study of a gentleman is always easy to ask. If you ask and learn, you will go hand in hand. If you don't learn, you will have no doubt. You can't be a good scholar if you are thirsty for knowledge and don't ask questions frequently. If you understand clearly, but you don't achieve your goal, you know it's big, but you don't know its details. How can it be funny if you don't ask?

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A knowledgeable person is bound to like to ask questions to others when studying. Asking and learning complement each other. It is impossible to find problems without studying and researching, and it is impossible to enrich knowledge without asking questions. Just like learning but unwilling to ask others for advice from time to time, you are not a person who really loves learning. Even if you understand the truth, you may not be able to put it into practice. Even if you understand the main thing, maybe you don't understand its details. So where can we infer the solution except asking others?

(16) Reading Notes (excerpt)

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Although there are good dishes, food does not know its use; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness. It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. If you don't know enough, then you can reverse; Advance despite difficulties and strive for self-improvement. So teaching and learning are also beneficial.

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Even if there is delicious cooked food, you don't know its delicacy if you don't eat it; Even if there is the best truth, you won't know its benefits without learning. Therefore, learn before you know your own shortcomings, and teach before you know you can't understand them. Know your own shortcomings, and then study hard. Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other.

(17) Sun Quan advised him to learn Zi Tongzhi Jian.

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All said, "Your Majesty is in charge today. You must learn! " There are all kinds of excuses in Lv Mengyong's army. "I don't want you to be a doctor alone! But when you dabble, you talk too much when you see the past. Is this loneliness? I often study alone, and I think it is of great benefit. " Monroe began to study. After Lu Su visited Yang, he consulted with Meng and said in great shock, "You are a talented person, not a martial monk!" Meng said, "If you don't say goodbye for three days, even if you scratch your face, won't it be too late?" Lu Su met Lu Meng's mother and became friends with Lu Meng.

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At first, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng, "You are in an important position now, so you can't stop studying! Lumeng refused on the pretext of numerous military affairs. Sun Quan said, "Do I want you to study classics and become a doctor? As long as you read widely and see the past. You say a lot of things, where can you compare with me? I often read books and feel that I have gained a lot. " So Lumeng began to study. After Lu Su found Yang, he discussed military affairs with him. He was very surprised and said, "Your talents and strategies are no longer the Amon of Wu! Lu Meng said: "Scholars should look at each other differently after being absent for three days. Why do most brothers change their minds so late! Lu Su went to see his mother again, made friends with her, and then said goodbye. "。

(18) Yan Hui is fond of Historical Records.

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Back in 29 years, the hair turned white and the flea died. Confucius cried bitterly and said, "Since I have something in return, my disciples benefit my relatives." Lu Aigong asked, "Who is a studious disciple?" Confucius said, "Those who have Yan Hui are eager to learn, and they are unwilling to let go. Unfortunately, I died short-lived and died today. "

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Yan Hui was twenty-nine, all white, and died young. Confucius cried bitterly and said, "Since Yan Hui came into being, the students (following Yan Hui's example) have been closer to me." Lu Aigong asked (Confucius), "Who is the best student?" Confucius replied, "There was a best scholar named Yan Hui. He never took it out on others and would never make the same mistake again. Unfortunately, he died at a young age, and now there is no (a studious person like Yan Hui). "

(19) Li Yuan studies the crying Chu Tan Ji.

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Ethan is a lonely boy. When he was a few years old, he passed by the library and cried. The teacher said, "Why is the boy crying?" Words: "The lonely are vulnerable, and the poor are vulnerable. People who write books, scholars and relatives. First, I hope he is not lonely, and second, I hope he studies, and the center is sad, so he cries. " The teacher said sadly, "I want to study!" " Words: "No money." The teacher said, "If the boy is ambitious, I will teach him for free." So I wrote a book. In winter, I recited the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius.

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Ethan lost his father when he was young. When he was a few years old, he passed the bookstore and couldn't help crying. The teacher in the bookstore asked him, "Why do children cry?" Li Yuan replied: "Orphans are easy to grieve, and the poor are easy to grieve. Those who learn and can learn must be children with parents. I envy that they are not alone and that they can go to school. I feel sad inside, so I cry. The teacher said piteously, "Come if you want to study!" "Tang gaozu entered the school and studied very hard. One winter, I became familiar with The Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius.

(20) Dong Yu's "Three Languages" read "The History of the Three Kingdoms"

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(Dong) When it comes to writing, he is straight, dull and studious by nature. Xingping and Guanzhong were in turmoil, fighting for power and profit with their younger brother Jizhongyi. He is a peddler, but he often studies at leisure with scriptures. His brother laughed at them, and his brother did not change his smile. ……

Make a training note for Lao Tzu when you meet him. He is also good at Zuo Zhuan, especially Don't be Different. Some people learn from scholars and refuse to teach. The cloud says, "You must first; Read it a hundred times! " Say, "Read it a hundred times and you will understand what you mean."

From the "Scholars" cloud: "There is no day for bitter thirst."

Encounter: "When' Sanduo'."

Or ask "Sanduo" what he means when he says "winter is over, night is over and rain is over".

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Dong Yu, the word season is straight. Simple and honest, I like to learn from the Lord since I was a child. During the reign of Emperor Xiandi Xingping of the Han Dynasty, Li Que and others made an insurrection in Guanzhong, and Dong Yu and his brothers went to a friend's place to stew. Dong Yu and his brother went into the mountains to collect firewood and came back to sell a few dollars (living). Every time Dong Yu goes to collect firewood, he always takes a book with him and takes it out whenever he has time. His brother laughed at him, but he still read his book.

Dong Yu studied Lao Zi very well and made comments. I have also made great efforts to Chunqiu Zuozhuan, and based on my research experience, I wrote Bieyi. The scholar nearby asked him to give a lecture, but he refused to teach. He just said to others, "Read it a hundred times and you will understand what it means." The consultant said, "(You have a point), but I just don't have time." Dong Yu said: "It should take more than three minutes." . Someone asked what "Sanyu" was. Dong Yu said: "Three leisure times are three kinds of free time. In winter, there is not much farm work. This is the free time of the year; It is not convenient to work in the fields at night, which is a free time of the day; On rainy days, going out to work is not good, and it is also a kind of leisure. "

(2 1) Discussion on "The Turtle in Poetry Talk"

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Jia Daochu went to Juzhou, in the capital. One day, there was a saying on the donkey: "The bird stayed in the tree by the pool, and the monk knocked on the moon." I want to push the word again, but I haven't decided yet. I sang on the donkey, which made me think deeply and surprised the viewers. When the right to retreat from North Korea was Jing, the car rode out, and the island did not think it was the third quarter. This is still a gesture. Russia supports Yin Qian's left and right. The words "push" and "knock" are indecisive about the poems obtained by Shimaju, and they are like an elephant, and I don't know how to avoid them. After a long retreat, he called Dao: "The word' knock' is good." So they went back together and talked with * * * about poetry, leaving all the troubles of the day behind, because they were friends on the island.

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Jia Dao took part in the imperial examination for the first time and went to Beijing. One day, he remembered two poems on the donkey's back: "The bird is staying in the tree by the pool, and the monk is knocking at the door on the moon." I want to use the word "push" (instead of "knock"), but after thinking about it repeatedly, I will (continue) chant on the donkey's back and reach out and make a push and knock gesture. (Pedestrians) are surprised to see Jia Dao like this. At that time, Han Yu was appointed as the acting local governor of Beijing. He is patrolling with horses and chariots. ) Jia Dao unconsciously went straight to the third quarter (of Han Yu's honor guard) and kept gesturing. So he was suddenly pushed to Jing (Han Yu) by his attendants. Jia Dao gave a detailed answer to this poem he was brewing. Whether to use "push" or "knock" is uncertain. His mind left the immediate thing, and he didn't know how to avoid it. Han Yu stopped to think for a while and said to Jia Dao, "It's good to use the word' knock'." So the two men rode back home side by side on donkeys and horses, and discussed the methods of writing poems together. They were reluctant to leave each other for several days. (Han Yu) Therefore, he forged a deep friendship with Jia Dao.

(22) Diligent training' Hengzhai Colected Works'

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The way to live is diligence. Therefore, Shao Ziyun said: "A day's plan lies in the morning, a year's plan lies in the spring, and a lifetime's plan lies in diligence." Although the words are close, the purpose is far away!

The sage of Dayu, cherish the inch Yin; Tao Kan is a saint, and cherish Yin, and a saint, not the other?

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Nothing is more important than working hard to make a living. Therefore, Mr. Shao said, "A day's plan lies in the morning, a year's plan lies in the spring, and a lifetime's plan lies in diligence." Although these words are simple, they have far-reaching significance!

People like Dayu are so outstanding in wisdom and talent that they cherish every inch of time; People like Tao Kan are so noble and cherish every minute. What's more, they can't compare with them in talent and morality?

(23) book Zhuge Liang

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A gentleman's journey is to cultivate one's morality by being quiet, to cultivate one's morality by being frugal, not to be alone in his ambition and not to be quiet in his ambition. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. Dull sex can't make you energetic, and reckless sex can't cure you. Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen?

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A gentleman's morality depends on quietness and frugality. He can't show his great ambition unless he puts aside fame and fortune, and he can't be far-sighted unless he keeps a straight face. Learning must be quiet, so that we can learn from it. Without study, you can't expand your talents. Without ambition, you can't achieve anything in your study. Excessive enjoyment can't hang up the calendar spirit, and bad temper can't cultivate temperament. As time goes by, the will disappears with time, withers like dead branches and leaves, and makes no contribution to society. How can it be too late to stay in a broken house and lament the past?

(24) Tao Kan Xigu "The Book of Jin".

original text

Tao Kan once went out to play and saw a man holding a handful of ears of rice. Tao Kan asked, "What are you doing with this?" ? "The man said," I saw it on the road. Let's take it away for the time being. "."Kan was furious and said, "You're not farming, you're stealing rice!" Tao Kan caught the man and beat him with a whip. Therefore, the people are diligent in farming, and everyone is well-off and rich in food.

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Tao Kan once visited the suburbs and saw a man with an immature ear of rice in his hand. Tao Kan asked, "What are you doing with these things?" The man said, "I saw it on the road and pulled it out." Tao Kan was furious and said, "Since you don't farm, you still spoil people's rice!" So he arrested the man and whipped him. Tao Kan cherishes crops and strictly enforces laws, so people are diligent in farming, and everyone is well-off and well-fed.