Seek information about Leshan Giant Buddha.

Leshan Giant Buddha, located on the side of Lingyun Temple on the east bank of Minnan, Leshan, Sichuan, is far away from Dadu River and Leshan Giant Buddha.

The confluence of Qingyi River and Minjiang River. The giant Buddha is a statue of Maitreya, with a height of 7 1 m. This is the largest existing cliff stone statue in China. The giant Buddha was excavated in the first year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (7 13) and completed in the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), which lasted about 90 years. On the cliffs and hiking trails on both sides of the Giant Buddha, there are many stone niches, most of which are works in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. On the right Lingbao Peak of Lingyun Temple, there is a brick tower, thirteen stories high, which looks like the Little Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi 'an. Li Zhuo is a lonely peak on the left bank of the temple, named Una, which was carved by Qin Dynasty. There is Wuyou Temple founded in the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, Sheren paid attention to Erya in the Han Dynasty. The Giant Buddha consists of Lingyun Mountain, Mahaoyan Tomb, Wuyou Mountain and giant reclining Buddha landscape, covering an area of about 8 square kilometers. The scenic spot belongs to Emei Mountain Scenic Area, which is a national-level scenic spot and a famous scenic spot. In ancient times, there was a saying that "Emei went to court and Lingyun went to court".

Edit this section of the attraction overview.

Leshan Giant Buddha is located in Leshan City, Sichuan Province, at the intersection of Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River, facing Leshan City across the river. Leshan Giant Buddha is carved on the rock wall at the intersection of Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River. Also known as Lingyun Buddha, it is a Maitreya Buddha. Leshan Giant Buddha is one of the fine works of art among Mo Yan statues in Tang Dynasty, and it is also the largest stone statue of Maitreya Buddha in the world. The sitting posture of the giant Buddha with his hands on his knees is solemn, with hidden drainage facilities and ingenious design. The Buddha statue was carved in the early kaiyuan year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13). It was initiated by monk Haitong in order to reduce the water potential and save all beings. After Haitong died, his disciples took over the construction. It lasted for 90 years until 19 (AD 803) when Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong was built. It is praised by the poet as "a mountain is a Buddha, and a Buddha is a mountain". The Giant Buddha consists of Lingyun Mountain, Mahaoyan Tomb, Wuyou Mountain and giant reclining Buddha landscape, covering an area of about 8 square kilometers. The scenic spot belongs to Emei Mountain Scenic Area, which is a national 4A-level scenic spot and a famous scenic spot. In ancient times, there was a saying that "Emei went to court and Lingyun went to court". Leshan Giant Buddha's head is flush with the mountain, and his hands touch his knees and step on the river. The Buddha's posture is symmetrical and his spirit is solemn. He was hewn out of the mountain and sat by the river. The Giant Buddha is 7 1m high, 14.7m high, 10m wide,102/bun, 7m long ears, 5.6m long nose and eyebrows, 3.3m long mouth and eyes, 3m high neck and 24m wide shoulders and fingers. On the cliffs along the river on the left and right sides of the Giant Buddha, there are two stone sculptures of Dharma warriors who are as high as 10 meters, holding Geji and wearing cassock, as well as hundreds of shrines and thousands of stone statues, which constitute a huge Buddhist stone carving art group. On the left side of the giant Buddha, along the "cave sky" is the starting point of Lingyun plank road, with a total length of nearly 500 meters. On the right is the Jiuqu plank road. After the Buddha statue was carved, thirteen pavilions were built, which were called "Giant Buddha Pavilion", "Giant Buddha Pavilion" and "Tianning Pavilion" in the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by the war in the late Ming dynasty and burned by rebels in Zhang. Dozens of caves can be seen from the cliffs on both sides of the giant Buddha, which is where the beams and columns are placed when the pavilion is built. Today, the beams and columns have long been demolished, and the majestic Buddha still stands tall. Painter's works of writing and painting

[1] The rocks on both sides of the Giant Buddha are red sandstone. The red sandstone in Leshan is a loose and easily weathered rock, which is softer than granite and is a good material for carving. However, after the Buddha statue is carved, it is easily eroded and weathered. Leshan Giant Buddha is carved on this rock. In the long years of 1000 years, Leshan Giant Buddha is still inevitably damaged by various kinds, both natural and man-made. It has been maintained in various dynasties. For hundreds of years since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the giant Buddha has been eroded by natural wind and rain, so that the Buddha's body is riddled with holes and unrecognizable. 1962 The government allocated special funds for the comprehensive maintenance of the Buddha statue. 1982 was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in the State Council in February. 1990, the government allocated funds for a relatively thorough maintenance of the head of the giant Buddha. At the same time, some supporting facilities and service facilities were added. 199665438+February, Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha was approved by UNESCO as "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and included in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Professor Sansel Silva, a UNESCO world heritage expert, praised that "Leshan Giant Buddha is comparable to other stone carvings in the world, such as the Sphinx and the Valley of the Nile Kings".

Edit the official name of this paragraph.

"Leshan Giant Buddha" is the general name of this giant Buddha in Leshan City. The real official name of this giant Buddha built in the Tang Dynasty has always been a mystery. In fact, according to the investigation of many experts later, the real official name of this stone statue that we call "Leshan Giant Buddha" should be: the stone statue of Maitreya Buddha in Lingyun Temple, Jiazhou. 1989, the scientific research project of "Pre-research on the governance of Leshan Giant Buddha" which lasted for more than two years was officially launched. In the meantime, when inspecting the Leshan Giant Buddha by various modern scientific and technological means, it was found that there was a huge cliff monument on the cliff on the right side of the Linjiang side of the Giant Buddha Cave, that is, the stone statue of Maitreya Buddha in Lingyun Temple in Jiazhou. According to the actual measurement, the monument is 6.6 meters high, which is equivalent to the height of a two-story building. The monument is 3.8 meters wide; The area is 25.08 square meters. The discovery of this cliff monument is of great historical significance: it not only directly determines the real official name of this stone carving statue, but also is the only reliable first-hand direct document to study Leshan Giant Buddha as a "world cultural heritage".

Edit the structure of this giant Buddha.

abstract

The head of Leshan Giant Buddha is flush with the mountain, stepping on the river and touching his knees with both hands. The giant Buddha is symmetrical and solemn, carved by the mountain.

Close-up of Leshan Giant Buddha (12) sitting by the river. The giant Buddha is 7 1m high, 14.7m high, 10m wide,102/bun, 7m long ears, 5.6m long nose, 5.6m long eyebrows, 3.3m long mouth and eyes, 3m high neck and 23m wide shoulders. On the cliffs along the river on the left and right sides of the Giant Buddha, there are two stone sculptures of Dharma warriors who are as high as 10 meters, holding Geji and wearing cassock, as well as hundreds of shrines and thousands of stone statues, which constitute a huge Buddhist stone carving art group. On the left side of the giant Buddha, along the "cave sky" is the starting point of Lingyun plank road, with a total length of nearly 500 meters. On the right is the Jiuqu plank road. After the Buddha statue was carved, thirteen pavilions were built, which were called "Giant Buddha Pavilion", "Giant Buddha Pavilion" and "Tianning Pavilion" in the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by the war in the late Ming dynasty and burned by rebels in Zhang. Dozens of caves can be seen from the cliffs on both sides of the giant Buddha, which is where the beams and columns are placed when the pavilion is built. Today, the beams and columns have long been demolished, and the majestic Buddha still stands tall.

design feature

Leshan Giant Buddha has a set of cleverly designed and concealed drainage system, which plays an important role in protecting the giant Buddha. In the bun on the * * *18th floor above the head of the Giant Buddha, there is a horizontal drainage ditch on the 4th, 9th and18th floors respectively, which is decorated with hammer ash, so it can't be seen from afar. Collar and garment line are wrinkled and there is a drain, and there is also a drain on the left chest, which is connected with the drain on the back side of the right arm. Behind the ear, near the cliff, there are caves connected left and right; There is a hole at both ends of the back of the chest, but they don't drill through each other. The cave walls are wet and there is water at the bottom. Water keeps flowing out of the cave, so the giant Buddha has Leshan giant Buddha on his chest.

There is a soaking area about 2 meters wide. These ditches and caves form a scientific drainage, moisture-proof and ventilation system, which prevents the erosive weathering of the giant Buddha. You can directly reach the bottom of the giant Buddha along the prismatic cloud plank road on the left side of the giant Buddha. Look up at the giant Buddha here and you will feel the height of the sky. There is a nine-curve ancient plank road on the right side of the statue. The plank road was dug along the right cliff of the Buddha statue, which was extremely steep and tortuous for nine times before reaching the top of the plank road. This is the right side of the giant Buddha's head, which is the top of Lingyun Mountain. Here you can see the carving art of the giant Buddha's head. There are 102 1 hairs on the top of the giant Buddha. From a distance, the bun is integrated with the head, but in fact it is embedded with stones one by one. There is a hole about 25 cm deep inside the root of the lobe of the right ear of the giant Buddha, and the Buddha's ear is 7 meters long. It is not made of original rock, but made of wooden columns and decorated with hammer ash. A hole was also found at the lower end of the Buddha's nose, revealing three pieces of wood and a finished glyph. It shows that the protruding bridge of the nose is also lined with wood and decorated with hammer ash. There is a closed hidden hole in the chest of the giant Buddha. Fengmen Stone is a chronicle of the reconstruction of Tianning Pavilion in Song Dynasty. The hole is filled with scrap iron, worn lead skin, bricks, etc. It is said that after the completion of the Buddha in the Tang Dynasty, a wooden pavilion was built to protect it from the sun and rain. From the many pillars and pile holes left on the edge, legs, arms, chest and instep of the giant Buddha, it can be clearly seen that there was once a giant Buddha pavilion. Rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, it was called "Tianning Pavilion" and was later destroyed. Defenders moved the monument to the Shihai Cave for preservation, but it was later destroyed.

Gems are embedded in curly hair.

There are 105 1 buns on the top of the giant Buddha, which are counted with chalk when 1962 is in maintenance. From a distance, the bun is integrated with the head, but in fact it is embedded with stones one by one. The exposed part of the root of a single bun has obvious splicing cracks and no mortar bonding. The surface of the bun is plastered with two layers, the inner layer is lime, and the thickness of each layer is 5-15 mm. During the maintenance period of 199 1 year, three snail stones were found in the depression of the Buddha's right leg, of which two were relatively complete, 78 cm long, 3 1.5×3 1.5 cm at the top and 24×24 cm at the root.

Both ears are made of wood.

There is a hole about 25 cm deep inside the root of the earlobe of the right ear of the giant Buddha. Maintenance workers take out many broken objects from the hole and carefully examine the decaying wood mud. This confirms Fan Chengda's record in Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty that "the Buddha statue in the world is big, but its ears are still wooden". It can be seen that the Buddha's ear, which is 7 meters long, is not carved from original rock, but made of wooden columns and decorated with hammer ash. A hole was also found at the lower end of the Buddha's nose, in which three pieces of wood were exposed, forming a finished glyph. It shows that the protruding bridge of the nose is also lined with wood and decorated with hammer ash. However, it is impossible to verify whether this was the case when Zhenyuan was completed in 19 years, and whether this technology was adopted by future generations to repair it.

The drainage system covers the whole body.

Leshan Giant Buddha has a very ingenious drainage system. Leshan Giant Buddha has a set of unique designs behind its ears and head.

The landscape of Leshan Giant Buddha (20 pictures) is very wonderful, and the hidden drainage system has played an important role in protecting the giant Buddha. So that the Buddha statue will not be eroded by rain. Wang Shizhen, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem about Leshan Giant Buddha, "Spring flows in a bun from ancient Buddha". In the bun on the * * *18th floor above the head of the Giant Buddha, there is a horizontal drainage ditch on the 4th, 9th and18th floors respectively, which is decorated with hammer ash, so it can't be seen from afar. Collar and garment line also have pleated drainage ditch, and there is a left-handed disassembled face ditch in the front chest, which is connected with the back ditch of the right arm. Behind the ear, near the cliff, there is a cave with a length of 9. 15m, a width of1.25m and a height of 3.38m; There are two holes at both ends of the chest and back, which are not connected with each other. Right hole depth 16.5m, width 0.95m, height 1.35m, left hole depth 8. 1m, width 0.95m, height1.1m. These wonderful ditches and caves constitute a scientific drainage, moisture-proof and ventilation system, which has played an important role in protecting the giant Buddha and preventing erosive weathering for thousands of years. Due to the confluence of mountain springs, calcareous compounds with a thickness of about 5- 10 cm are condensed on the inner cliff walls of the two caves, while the cliff walls on the Buddha's body side are still red sand and relatively dry. Two caves, the walls of which are separated from each other are wet, and there is water at the bottom, and water keeps dripping out of the caves, so the chest of the giant Buddha is about 2 meters wide. Obviously, this is because the hole has not been penetrated. I wonder why the builder didn't get through.

There is a monument on the box.

According to Huang and Luo Hengheng, the person in charge of 1962 maintenance, a closed hidden hole was found in the chest of the giant Buddha. When I opened the hole, I saw it was full of scrap iron, worn lead skin, bricks and so on. In fact, Fengmen Stone is a chronicle of the reconstruction of Tianning Pavilion in Song Dynasty. After the completion of the Great Buddha in the Tang Dynasty, a wooden pavilion was built to protect it from the sun and rain. Judging from the numerous column bases and pile holes left by the knees, legs, arms, chest and instep of the giant Buddha, it is obvious that there used to be a giant Buddha pavilion here. Rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, it was called "Tianning Pavilion" and was later destroyed. But I don't know when and for what reason, the Tianning Pavilion Chronicle Monument Tang was embedded in the Buddha's chest. The maintainer moved the monument to Shihai Cave for preservation, but it was destroyed on 1966.

Edit the build history of this section.

According to Wei Gao's "Lingyun Buddha statue in Jiazhou" in Tang Dynasty and Peng's "Rebuilding Lingyun Temple" in Ming Dynasty, the monk Le Haitong

The founder of the Buddha was a monk named Haitong. Haitong is a native of Guizhou, and his roots are in Lingyun Mountain. Guleshan, where the three rivers meet, Minjiang River, Qingyijiang River and Dadu River meet at the foot of Lingyun Mountain. The water is quite fierce, and the boat series is often subverted. Every summer flood, the river rushes straight to the mountain wall, which often leads to the tragedy of shipwreck death. Seeing this scene, the monk Haitong decided to carve a statue of Maitreya on the edge of the cliff, hoping to rely on the boundless magic to reduce the water potential and make the town tottering forever. As a result, Master Haichan traveled all over the country between the north and south of the Yangtze River and Jianghuai to raise money to dig the Buddha. After the Buddha statue was completed, local officials came to ask for bribes to get construction funds. The navy sternly refused, saying, "I can see myself, and the wealth of Buddha is rare." The local official bullied others and said, "Try the future." The sea master calmly "looks at his eyes and makes him do it", while "a hundred officials are frightened and rush to pray and regret". The sea master's selfless journey inspires everyone to be sincere. The construction of the Buddha statue began in the early kaiyuan year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13). When the Buddha arrived in Bhikkhu, the monk Shihai died. After Shi Hai's death, the project was once interrupted. About ten years later, Zhang Qiu and Joan, the messengers of Jianchuan, donated money, and Shi Hai's disciples led the craftsmen to continue to build the Giant Buddha. Due to the huge project, the court ordered the payment of hemp salt tax, which made the project progress rapidly. When the Leshan Giant Buddha was repaired to the knee, the builders Zhang Qiu and Joan moved home to be the ministers of the Ministry of Housing, and the project stopped again. Forty years later, Wei Gao, the messenger of Jianchuan, donated money to continue the construction of Leshan Giant Buddha. After the efforts of three generations of craftsmen, it was completed in 90 years in the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong (AD 803). Wei Gao began to write "Stone Statue of Maitreya Buddha in Lingyun Temple in Jiazhou", which recorded the beginning and end of the excavation of the giant Buddha. The original monument still exists on the cliff on the right side of the giant Buddha.

Edit this section Cultural Relics Protection

The rocks on both sides of the Giant Buddha are red sandstone, and the red sandstone in Leshan is a loose and easily weathered rock, which is softer than granite and very suitable for Leshan Giant Buddha to touch his knees with both hands.

Sculpture materials. However, after the Buddha statue is carved, it is easily eroded and weathered. Leshan Giant Buddha is carved on this rock. In the long years of 1000 years, Leshan Giant Buddha is still inevitably damaged by various kinds, both natural and man-made. It has been maintained in various dynasties. For hundreds of years since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the giant Buddha has been eroded by natural wind and rain, so that the Buddha's body is riddled with holes and unrecognizable. 1962 The government allocated special funds for the comprehensive maintenance of the Buddha statue. 1982 was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in the State Council in February. 1990, the government allocated funds for a relatively thorough maintenance of the head of the giant Buddha. At the same time, some supporting facilities and service facilities were added. 199665438+February, Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha was approved by UNESCO as "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and included in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Giant Buddha has always adhered to people-oriented, strengthened warm service, and strived to create a soft environment for tourists. Since the establishment of the national 5A-level tourist scenic spot in 2005, the scenic spot has continuously deepened the construction of honesty and civilization and improved the service quality. The warm service level has been steadily improved, and the soft tourism environment and tourists' satisfaction have been constantly rising. The scenic spot has achieved no major complaints about the tourism service quality for many years. On July 20 1 1, Leshan Giant Buddha officially became one of the national 5A-level scenic spots.

Edit the religious connotation of this paragraph

Leshan Giant Buddha is sacred and solemn.

Leshan Giant Buddha is Maitreya Buddha. Worship Maitreya in Tang Dynasty. Buddhist scriptures say that Maitreya will be "peaceful in the world" when he is born. During the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, Wu Zetian ordered the fabrication of the Great Cloud Sutra to prove that she was Maitreya's reincarnation. In the feudal era when men were superior to women, people's worship of Maitreya helped her ascend to the throne. Because of Wu Zetian's vigorous advocacy, the wind of sculpting Maitreya Buddha swept the country. The construction of Leshan Giant Buddha was only more than 20 years from the time of Wu Zetian, so when Haitong built Leshan Giant Buddha, he naturally chose Maitreya Buddha, which is a future Buddha that can bring light and happiness, which is consistent with the requirements of Zhenjiang Giant Buddha to quell floods. Great changes have taken place in the Buddhist culture of Han Dynasty in China. The first stage is the introduction of Jiao Jiao Maitreya from India to China. The second stage is the ancient Buddha Maitreya with "China characteristics"; The third stage is Maitreya. Leshan Giant Buddha is an ancient Buddha Maitreya with "China characteristics". According to the description in the Maitreya Sutra, the Maitreya statue has "thirty-two phases and eighty kinds of goodness", which requires him to have Leshan Giant Buddha in his facial features, head, hands, feet and body.

Characteristics different from ordinary people. The overall shape of Leshan Giant Buddha is extraordinary. The bun on the head, broad shoulders, tall and long eyebrows and round nostrils are all "broad shoulders and thin waist" of Indian Buddha statues built in accordance with Buddhist classics. There is nothing left on the giant Buddha, only strong shoulders and full breasts, which embodies the fashion of advocating fat beauty in Tang Dynasty. The posture of Leshan Giant Buddha is that his feet droop naturally, which is different from the "knotting" posture of Indian Buddha statues because the giant Buddha was built to save water. This steady and steady sitting posture can give boatmen the courage and determination to overcome rapids and dangerous beaches. Maitreya Buddha Maitreya Buddha is based on the image of a monk named Qi Ben in China during the Five Dynasties. This is from Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province. He is charitable and can predict the weather and people's good and bad luck. He often begs around with a cloth bag. Before his death, he once said, "Maitreya Buddha is really Maitreya Buddha, incarnating tens of billions, which often shows the world and the world doesn't know." So everyone thinks that he is the incarnation of Maitreya, and Maitreya in the temple has also shaped his image-a cloth-bag monk with a big smile and a big belly.