What are the effects of haze weather?

According to experts, the smog seems mild, but in fact it contains more than 20 kinds of fine particles and toxic substances harmful to human body, including acids, alkalis, salts, amines and phenols. , as well as dust, pollen, mites, influenza virus, tuberculosis, pneumococcus, etc. Its content is dozens of times that of ordinary atmospheric water droplets. What effects will heavy fog have on human health?

Main hazards of folding

Fog and haze weather

Winter fog is called "winter killer", and pollutants such as industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust, dust in the air, bacteria and viruses in the air attach to these water droplets. In people's daily life and travel, these substances will have an impact on the human respiratory tract, which may cause acute upper respiratory tract infection (cold), acute tracheobronchitis, pneumonia and asthma attacks, and induce or aggravate chronic bronchitis. In particular, children's respiratory mucosa of nose, trachea and bronchus is tender, and the number of alveoli is small, the development of elastic fibers is poor, and the interstitial development is vigorous, which makes them more susceptible to respiratory viruses. Being in foggy weather for a long time will cause tracheitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, allergic diseases, etc., which will have a certain impact on the growth and physique of children and adolescents. In addition, diabetic patients with poor air quality and poor resistance in foggy days are very likely to have lung and trachea infections, which will aggravate their condition. [9]

Effects on respiratory system

The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Aerosol particles smaller than 10 micron are harmful to the health of respiratory system, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel, automobile exhaust, etc., which can directly enter and adhere to human respiratory tract and alveoli. In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper and lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. For patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smog weather will make the condition acute or acute. Staying in this environment for a long time will also induce lung cancer.

Effects on cardiovascular system

Hazy days also have a serious impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which will hinder normal blood circulation, lead to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, and may also induce angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and heart failure. And cause pulmonary heart disease in chronic bronchitis. In addition, when the air pressure is relatively low in foggy weather, people will feel irritable and their blood pressure will naturally rise. On the other hand, in foggy days, the temperature is often low. Some patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease suddenly go from warm indoor to cold outdoor, and blood vessels expand with heat and contract with cold, which will also increase blood pressure, leading to stroke and myocardial infarction. Therefore, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases must take medicine on time and handle it carefully.

Hazy weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which can enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases.

Not conducive to the growth of children.

In foggy days, due to the decrease of sunshine, insufficient ultraviolet radiation for children, insufficient production of vitamin D in the body, and greatly reduced absorption of calcium, rickets in infants and young children will be seriously caused, which will slow down the growth and development of children.

Affect mental health

Experts point out that continuous foggy days have an impact on people's psychology and body. Psychologically speaking, foggy days will give people a feeling of depression, which will stimulate or aggravate the state of psychological depression. In addition, due to the weak light and low air pressure in foggy days, some people will feel lazy and depressed in foggy days.

Affect reproductive capacity

20 13 1 1.5 China academy of social sciences and China meteorological bureau jointly issued the "green paper on climate change: report on coping with climate change (20 13)" (hereinafter referred to as Green Book), pointing out that the smog weather in China has generally increased in recent 50 years. Among them, the number of foggy days decreased significantly, the number of haze days increased significantly, and the process of persistent haze increased significantly.

Haze weather will have a significant negative impact on climate, environment, health and economy, such as acid rain and photochemical smog in urban atmosphere, which will reduce atmospheric visibility and hinder the communication between air, water and land; Increase mortality, aggravate chronic diseases, aggravate respiratory and heart diseases, change lung function and structure, affect reproductive capacity and change human immune structure.

Affect antibiotic resistance

Joaquin Larson, director of the Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, believes that air may be an important way to spread antibiotic resistance. The results show that compared with the external environmental factors such as soil and water, the microbial community in Beijing air contains the most kinds of known antibiotic resistance genes, with an average of 64.4 species. Judging from the number of antibiotic resistance genes contained in the air, the three sites in new york and San Diego, California are equivalent to Beijing; But in terms of types, Beijing has more air than two cities in the United States (except office air).

It is worth noting that the research team pointed out that they found drug resistance genes against carbapenems in the air of Beijing. Carbapenem antibiotics are atypical β -lactam antibiotics with the strongest antibacterial activity, which are widely used in respiratory tract infections, septicemia and other diseases, and are one of the most important antibacterial drugs for treating serious bacterial infections. If such antibiotics develop resistance, it means that human beings may lose this "last straw". Joaquin Larson said: "According to other studies on the air, there is reason to believe that the air is mixed with dead bacteria and live bacteria." If drug-resistant bacteria are active in the air, the risk is direct. [ 10]

Folding affects traffic safety.

When there is haze weather, the visibility of the visual field is low and the air quality is poor, which is easy to cause traffic jams.

There was a traffic accident.

Folding smog weather is easy to cause cancer

Zhong Nanshan, academician of China Academy of Engineering and director of Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, once pointed out at a forum that in the past 30 years, the smoking rate of the public in China has been declining, but the prevalence of lung cancer has increased more than four times. This may be related to the increase in haze days. Not only foggy days with very low visibility will have an impact on human health, but also foggy days and cloudy days will have the same problem.

Folding affects plant growth.

Haze is harmful to crops and plants in two aspects. First, although plants have the function of adsorbing dust, if the concentration of dust particles in smog is too large, plants will be overwhelmed, thus affecting breathing. On the other hand, in winter, the growth of plants has not stopped completely. In foggy days, the air mobility is poor, and the sunlight is blocked, which affects the photosynthesis of plants and is not conducive to the growth of plants.