How is the spectacular phenomenon of the earth's atmosphere formed?

Our atmosphere is the most protective and important part of the earth. The atmosphere is a complex structure, which is responsible for protecting us from solar radiation, space debris and harsh conditions. Here are some unknown phenomena in the atmosphere, which is very important for us to understand the world around us. We discuss how the ozone layer is formed; How the desert is formed at mid-latitude; What caused the white stripes when the plane flew over the atmosphere? It can be used as talk material for your next party.

Purple sky. When light enters the atmosphere, air and water particles absorb and re-emit light and scatter it into our eyes. Because scattering prefers shorter wavelengths, the most common scattering color is actually purple. We think that the sky we see is blue instead of purple, because our eyes are more sensitive to blue.

As you learned in science class, our atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 2 1% oxygen and a very small amount of argon, carbon dioxide and other gases. Our atmosphere is the only one that contains free oxygen. Because oxygen is a highly reactive gas, it often combines with other chemicals in space. Its pure form on the earth makes the earth livable and guides us to find life on other planets.

Some people who are skeptical about global warming think that this is not a real phenomenon because their cities are getting cold. In fact, the global climate of the earth is a combination of various regional climates. Therefore, although some areas are getting warmer and others are getting colder, overall, the global average climate is getting warmer rapidly.

Have you ever wondered what causes some planes to appear white stripes after flying over the sky? These white marks, called wake or condensation marks, are formed when the hot and humid exhaust gas from the engine is mixed with the cold outside air. The steam from the exhaust will freeze and become clearly visible, just like your breath in winter. A thin and rapidly disappearing track means that the air humidity in these high-altitude areas is low, indicating that the weather is good. The continuous thick wake indicates high humidity, which may mean that a storm is coming.

Our atmosphere has five basic layers, which makes life possible. The first is the troposphere, which rises from the sea level to the equator about 17 km. Most of our weather is caused by the rise and fall of warm air to form a mixture of clouds and wind.

The next layer is the stratosphere, which can reach 50 kilometers above the equatorial sea level. This is the ozone layer, which protects us from dangerous ultraviolet rays. Although it is higher than the troposphere, it is actually warmer because of the energy absorbed by the sun's rays.

In the mesosphere, the surface temperature of the planet extending to 85 kilometers hovers at-120℃, and most meteors entering the atmosphere burn in the mesosphere.

The ionosphere is considered as the first part of outer space because it is very thin and covers an area (about 690 kilometers above the equator) where most satellites, including the International Space Station, are parked.

The exosphere, also known as the outer layer, is the fifth and last layer of our atmosphere. As it extends from the earth to merge with interstellar space, it becomes weaker and weaker. Interestingly, this layer can grow and shrink impressively. When the sun is calm and unaffected by the solar storm, the top of the exosphere can extend from the lowest point 1000 km to the place 10000 km away from the earth's surface.

The stratosphere is where most jets and weather balloons fly. Jet planes can fly faster without being limited by gravity, while friction and weather balloons can better observe storms, most of which occur below the troposphere.

Without all kinds of gases in the atmosphere, we can't live. Water vapor, carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases absorb the heat emitted by the sun and help create a livable climate. Scientists known as the greenhouse effect worry that if too much endothermic gas enters the atmosphere, this effect will get out of control, resulting in an environment as hot and uninhabitable as Venus.

In 20 10, the air samples collected after Hurricane Carl hit the Caribbean showed that as many as 25% of the collected microorganisms were related to or the same as those found in feces. Many of these microorganisms are collected by raindrops and fall back to the earth.

Ionosphere is high-energy particles from outer space and the sun, which helps to form ions and form a mild ionosphere around the earth. This layer helps to reflect radio waves before the satellite is launched.

Acid rain destroyed the whole forest and aquatic ecosystem. Before rainfall, sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide particles combine with water vapor, and acid rain will form in the atmosphere. Both of these situations occur naturally. Volcanic eruptions produce sulfur dioxide, and lightning strikes produce nitrogen oxides.

Although the air pressure decreases with the elevation, the air pressure varies greatly in the same place on the earth. When the sun heats the ground, it heats the surrounding air, and the air rises to a low pressure point. As the object moves from the high pressure area to the low pressure area, the nearby high pressure air will rush in to balance the pressure.

Lightning is a powerful force, which can heat the surrounding air to 30000 degrees Celsius. Rapid heating will cause the nearby air to explode and expand. The shock wave produced by this explosion becomes the sound wave we call thunder.

Although the wind we feel on the ground usually comes from the north and south poles, it is actually formed near the equator. As the sun shines on the equator and nearby latitudes of the earth, this area will become warmer. Some sunlight will reach the poles, although it shines at a certain angle, but the energy is low. ) the hot air at the equator rises to the height of the atmosphere, moves to the poles, sinks there and returns to the equator.

The northern and southern auroras in the southern and northern latitudes are caused by the ion reaction in the fourth layer of our atmosphere, namely the thermosphere. When the highly charged particles from the sun hit the air molecules above our magnetic pole, they will glow and produce spectacular aurora, which can be seen from both the earth and space.

Skydiver baumgartner made history by skydiving in the stratosphere. Baumgartner parachuted at an altitude of 37 kilometers from the earth's surface, landed freely in a low-pressure atmosphere at a speed exceeding the speed of sound, and landed successfully.