Is bauxite a mineral?

Bauxite actually refers to gibbsite, diaspore or diaspore as the main minerals. The application fields of bauxite are metals and nonmetals. It is the best raw material and the most important application field for producing metallic aluminum, and its consumption accounts for more than 90% of the total bauxite production in the world. Bauxite accounts for a small proportion of nonmetals, but it is widely used.

Bauxite actually refers to gibbsite, diaspore or diaspore as the main minerals. Its application fields include metal and nonmetal. Bauxite is the best raw material for producing metallic aluminum and the most important application field, and its consumption accounts for more than 90% of the world's total bauxite production. bauxite

The nonmetallic uses of bauxite are mainly used as raw materials for refractories, grinding materials, chemicals and high-alumina cement. Bauxite accounts for a small proportion of nonmetals, but it is widely used. For example, products such as sulfate, trihydrate and aluminum chloride can be used in papermaking, water purification, ceramics and petroleum refining. Activated alumina can be used as catalyst, catalyst carrier and physical adsorbent for decolorization, dehydration, degassing, deacidification and drying in chemical industry, oil refining and pharmaceutical industry. Aluminum chloride produced by γ-al2o 3 can be used for organic synthesis of dyes, rubber, medicine and petroleum. 3%~5%Al2O3 in glass composition can improve melting point, viscosity and strength; Abrasive is the main raw material of high-grade grinding wheel and polishing powder; Refractory is an indispensable furnace building material in industrial sector. Aluminum is the second largest metal in the world after steel, and the per capita consumption in the world reached 3.29kg in 1995. Aluminum is widely used in various sectors of the national economy because of its small specific gravity, good electrical and thermal conductivity, easy processing and many other excellent properties. At present, the largest aluminum consumption in the world is in the fields of construction, transportation and packaging, accounting for more than 60% of the total aluminum consumption. Aluminum is an indispensable raw material for electrical appliance industry, aircraft manufacturing industry, machinery industry and civil appliances. Emphasis is placed on bauxite and its deposits used to produce metallic aluminum. As for bauxite and its deposits used as refractory clay, see the nonmetallic mineral "refractory clay".

Edit the main content of this paragraph.

Gibbsite) Al(OH)3) 3 gibbsite is a crystalline hydrate of aluminum hydroxide, which is bauxite in bauxite.

Main ingredients. The crystals of gibbsite are very small, and they gather together to form nodules, beans or soil, which are generally white and glassy, and red if they contain impurities. Mainly secondary minerals produced by weathering of aluminum-containing minerals such as feldspar. The chemical composition is Al (OH) 3, and the crystal belongs to the space group P2 1/n of monoclinic system. It is homogeneous with gibbsite and nordstrandite. Formerly known as gibbsite or diaspore. It was named after 1822 mineral collector C.G. Gibbs. The crystal structure is similar to brucite, and it is composed of sandwich biscuit-like (OH)-Al-(OH) coordination octahedral layers stacked in parallel, but Al3+ does not occupy all the octahedral gaps between the layers, only 2/3 of them. The crystal of gibbsite is usually very fine, pseudo-hexagonal, usually twin, usually in the form of nodules, beans and soil aggregates. White, or reddish to red due to impurity dyeing. Glass luster, cleavage surface shows pearl luster. The cleavage of the bottom surface is extremely complete. Mohs hardness is 2.5 ~ 3.5, and specific gravity is 2.40. Gibbsite is mainly the secondary product of chemical weathering of aluminum-containing minerals such as feldspar, and it is the main mineral component of lateritic bauxite. But it may also be a low-temperature hydrothermal origin. Crystals with a diameter of 5 cm were produced in the hydrothermal vein of Ustovsk, Zlato, South Urals. See bauxite for use.

Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph

Theoretical composition (WB%) (crystal chemistry) of bauxite: Al2O3 65.4, H2O34.6. Common isomorphic substitutes are Fe and Ga, with Fe2O3 reaching 2% and Ga2O3 reaching 0.006%. In addition, it often contains impurities such as CaO, MgO and SiO2. Monoclinic system: a0 = 0.864nm, b0 = 0.507nm, c0 = 0.972nm; ; Z=8. Bauxite with crystal structure

Similar to brucite, it belongs to a typical layered structure. The difference is that Al3 only fills 2/3 of the octahedral gap between two layers of OH-, which are the most densely packed hexagonal layers (∩(00 1)). Because Al3 has a higher charge than Mg2, the charge of OH- can be balanced with fewer Al3 numbers. Oblique prism crystal: C2h-2/m(L2PC). The crystal is a pseudo hexagonal plate, which is relatively rare. Principal simplex: The parallel double faces A and C, and the oblique square columns M. Changyi (100) and (1 10) form twins. Ordinary polycrystalline twins. Aggregates are radial fibers, scales, shells, stalactites or oolitic, pea-shaped, spherical nodules or fine-grained soil-like blocks. It is mainly colloidal amorphous or fine-grained crystals. Physical properties: white or light gray, light green and light red tones due to impurities. Glass luster, cleavage surface pearl luster. Transparent to translucent. Cleavage is extremely complete. The hardness is 2.5~3.5. The relative density is 2.30~2.43. Smells like dirt. Under the polarizer, colorless. Biaxial crystal. Ng= 1.587，Nm=Np= 1.566。 Occurrence and combination: mainly composed of aluminosilicate through decomposition and hydrolysis. Tropical and subtropical climates are favorable for the formation of gibbsite. In regional metamorphism, it can be transformed into diaspore and diaspore after dehydration (140 ~ 200℃). With the increase of metamorphic degree, it can be transformed into corundum.

Edit the resource characteristics of this paragraph.

Bauxites in China are mostly large and medium-sized deposits except for concentrated distribution. There are 3 1 large-scale mineral deposits with more than 20 million tons, accounting for 49% of the total reserves in China; There are 83 medium-sized deposits with reserves between 20 million and 5 million tons, accounting for 37% of the total reserves in China, and large and medium-sized deposits account for 86% in total. bauxite

The quality of bauxite in China is relatively poor, and diaspore ore accounts for more than 98% of China's total reserves, which is difficult to process and consumes a lot of energy. Among the reserves, the first-grade ore (Al2O3 360% ~ 70%, Al/Si≥ 12) only accounts for 1.5%, and the second-grade ore (Al2O3 5 1% ~ 7 1%, Al/Si≥9). 62%, Al/Si≥5) accounts for 27.9%, grade 5 ore (Al2O3 >: 58%, Al/Si≥4) accounts for 18%, grade 6 ore (Al2O3 >: 54%, Al/Si≥3) accounts for 8.3%, and grade 7 ore (Al2O3 >: 3) Another disadvantage of bauxite in China is that there are not many bauxite deposits suitable for open-pit mining, accounting for only 34% of the total reserves in China. Different from lateritic bauxite abroad, ancient weathering crust bauxite in China is often associated with many minerals. In the bauxite distribution area, the overlying strata often produce industrial coal seams and high-quality limestone. There are semi-soft clay, hard clay, iron ore and pyrite in the ore-bearing rock series. Bauxite is also associated with gallium, vanadium, lithium, rare earth metals, niobium, tantalum, titanium, scandium and other useful elements. In some areas, the above primary minerals often form industrial value deposits with bauxite. Gallium, vanadium and scandium in bauxite also have recycling value. The geological work of bauxite in China is relatively high. By the end of 1994, 32.5% of China's bauxite reserves were in the exploration stage and 55.8% were in the detailed investigation stage. The total reserves above the detailed investigation level account for 88.3% of the total reserves in China.

Edit this discovery process

Aluminum was discovered by Danish physicist H.C.Oersted in 1825. He obtained aluminum amalgam by the interaction of potassium amalgam and aluminum chloride, and then removed mercury by distillation, thus producing metallic aluminum for the first time. Bauxite was the early producer of metallic aluminum.

Chemical methods. That is 1854 French scientist H. St. Creaer davidil founded the sodium chemistry method and 1865 Russian physical chemist H. H. Beketov (н. нбекетов). France started industrial production by chemical methods in 1855, and was the first country to produce aluminum in the world. Bauxite was discovered earlier than aluminum (182 1 year) and was mistaken for a new mineral at that time. To produce aluminum from bauxite, alumina should be produced first, and then aluminum should be produced by electrolysis. 1873 France began to mine bauxite, and 1894 began to produce alumina from bauxite. Using Bayer process, the production scale is only 1t/ day. By 1900, France, Italy and the United States had mined a small amount of bauxite with an annual output of only 90,000 tons. With the development of modern industry, aluminum, as a metal and alloy, is used in aviation and military industries, and then extended to civilian industries. Since then, the aluminum industry has developed rapidly. By 1950, the world's aluminum production has reached 15 10000 tons, increasing from 1996 to 2092000 tons, making it the second largest metal after steel.

Edit the genetic law of this paragraph.

According to Liao et al, bauxite in China can be divided into paleoweathering crust bauxite and laterite bauxite. The formation of ancient weathering crust bauxite deposit in China has gone through three stages. The first stage is the continental stage, which was formed by weathering under atmospheric conditions. Aluminum-rich weathering crust materials containing bauxite minerals, clay minerals and iron oxide minerals residues and slope deposits, such as bauxite,

For example, calcareous red soil layer, red soil layer or lateritic bauxite, this stage is in-situ residual, accumulation or accumulation in different places under atmospheric conditions; In the second stage, the red soil layer rich in aluminum and calcium, red soil layer or lateritic bauxite were submerged by seawater (or lake water), some were immediately submerged by seawater (or lake water), some were submerged by seawater (or lake water) after a certain period of diagenesis, and gradually buried deep underground, and after a period of diagenetic epigenetic evolution and transformation, the primary bauxite layer was formed; The third stage is the supergene enrichment stage, which means that after the primary bauxite layer rises to the shallow surface with the crust, due to the transformation of surface water or groundwater, silicon leaching and aluminum enrichment are carried out to form a bauxite deposit with rich grade and industrial value. The ancient weathering crust bauxite in China was mainly formed in Carboniferous. The formation of this kind of bauxite deposit is related to the erosion discontinuity of ancient weathering crust. Generally speaking, long-term intermittent erosion, especially the underlying bedrock, is a carbonate rock or basic extrusive rock (such as basalt) with high aluminum content and easy weathering, and the deposits formed are often rich in ore grade, thick in ore bed and large in ore body scale. As for laterite bauxite, it is generally believed that they are formed by weathering of aluminum-bearing rocks under modern climate conditions. There is only one subclass of lateritic bauxite deposits, which is called Zhangpu lateritic bauxite deposits. It is a bauxite deposit formed by basalt weathering from Tertiary to Quaternary in modern times (Quaternary), and its reserves are very small, accounting for only 1. 17% of the total bauxite reserves in China. Modern lateritic bauxite in China is mainly formed in low latitudes, such as Fujian, Hainan and parts of Guangdong. In these areas, the weather is hot, the rainfall is abundant, and basalt is easily weathered, so modern lateritic bauxite can be formed. As for China's Nansha Islands and zhongsha islands, although they are also at low latitudes and have the climate of bauxite formation, it is not long for these islands to rise to land, only1~ 30,000 years, and the weathering time is short, so it is difficult to form bauxite deposits.

Edit the classification of genetic laws in this section.

(1) Xiuwen-style bauxite deposit with different subtypes of carbonate paleoweathering crust, also known as bauxite deposit with different subtypes of carbonate paleoweathering crust. Its genesis is related to carbonate-dissolved lateritic paleoweathering crust. Because there are several meters thick lacustrine iron lentils deposited between bauxite and underlying carbonate bedrock, bauxite is not accumulated in situ, but is accumulated by the migration of laterite weathering crust near this almost dry lake. This kind of deposit is representative in Xiaoshanba bauxite mine in xiuwen county, Guizhou. Because the underlying bedrock is carbonate rock, it is the residual layer of aluminum-rich calcium red soil formed by weathering. Generally speaking, the longer the erosion interval, that is, the longer the weathering time, the more and thicker the eluvium of the weathered aluminum-calcium-rich red soil, the more bauxite, the less clay minerals, the richer the ore grade and the greater the seam thickness. (2) In-situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposit of carbonate paleoweathering crust in Xin 'an, also known as in-situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposit of carbonate paleoweathering crust, is typical in Gala Garden bauxite deposit in Xin 'an, Henan. Bauxite in this kind of deposit directly covers the karst erosion surface of carbonate rocks, and it is accumulated in situ, in many cases in caves and dissolved buckets. The ore body is not long (several hundred meters), but its thickness is relatively large (40 ~ 60 meters). If the erosion interruption time is short, generally only calcareous laterite eluvium is formed, with slight migration and handling. Although the quality of this ore is slightly poor, the seam is stable and the thickness changes little. (3) Pingguo type carbonate ancient weathering crust in-situ accumulation-modern karst accumulation subtype bauxite deposit. Also known as bauxite deposit of carbonate paleoweathering crust in-situ accumulation-modern karst accumulation subtype. Hundreds of meters thick bauxite is covered by layered minerals and underlying bedrock.

It's all limestone in the range. After Quaternary karstification, limestone and bauxite weathered into calcium laterite, and bauxite fragments fell into the accumulated ore. The formation conditions of this kind of accumulation ore are mainly layered ore with a certain scale, suitable climatic conditions, thick limestone above and below the seam, and thin claystone above and below the seam. (4) In-situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposits in the ancient weathering crust of Zunyi-type aluminosilicate rocks. Also known as bauxite deposit with in-situ accumulation of aluminosilicate ancient weathering crust, the underlying bedrock is fine clastic rock or basic volcanic rock, which is bauxite deposit with in-situ accumulation (a few slopes) of the underlying bedrock red soil weathering crust. The metallogenic regularity of this kind of deposit is as follows: first, there is a transition phenomenon with the underlying bedrock and an erosion discontinuity with the overlying strata, so the thickness changes greatly and there are many ore-free skylights; Secondly, the thickness of ore bed, the size of ore body and the grade of ore depend on the length of erosion interval during mineralization and whether the underlying bedrock is easy to weather. If erosion is interrupted for a long time, most of the underlying bedrock eroded and weathered is fine clastic rock and clayey rock, and only a part is carbonate rock. Usually, the seam is thick, the scale is large and the ore quality is good, but there are more ore-free skylights at this time. If the eroded underlying bedrock is easily weathered basalt, the thickness of the seam and the size of the ore body may be large and the ore may be rich. If the underlying bedrock is basalt, it is easy to be weathered, but the erosion interval is too short and the weathering is not complete, so it is difficult to achieve ideal seam thickness, ore body size and ore quality.

The main purpose of editing this paragraph

Bauxite ore has many uses: (1) aluminum smelting industry. Used in national defense, aviation, automobiles, electrical appliances, chemicals, daily necessities, etc. (2) Precision casting. Alumina clinker is processed into fine powder, made into mold, and then precision cast. Used in military, aerospace, communications, instrumentation, machinery and medical equipment departments. high-alumina cement

(3) Used in refractory products. The refractory degree of high bauxite clinker is as high as 1780℃, with strong chemical stability and good physical properties. (4) Alumina silicate refractory fiber. It has the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, good thermal stability, low thermal conductivity, small heat capacity and mechanical impact resistance. Used in steel, nonferrous metallurgy, electronics, petroleum, chemical industry, aerospace, atomic energy, national defense and other industries. It puts high-alumina clinker into a high-temperature electric arc furnace with a melting temperature of about 2000 ~ 2200℃, and after high-temperature melting and cooling by high-pressure and high-speed air or steam blowing, it becomes white "cotton"-aluminum silicate refractory fiber. It can be pressed into fiber blanket, board or woven into cloth to replace refractory bricks for high temperature furnace lining in smelting, chemical industry, glass and other industries. Firefighters can make clothes out of fire-resistant fiber cloth. (5) Taking magnesia and bauxite clinker as raw materials, and adding appropriate binder, it is very effective to cast the integral ladle lining. (6) The production of alumina cement, grinding materials, ceramic industry and chemical industry can all produce various aluminum compounds. Among them, the most important applications are: refining metallic aluminum in aluminum industry, making refractories and grinding materials, and using them as raw materials for high-alumina cement. Different uses of ores have different quality requirements. Bauxite Industry Standard (YS/T78-94) 1994 issued by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation. According to this standard, bauxite can be divided into three types: sedimentary diaspore, accumulative diaspore and lateritic gibbsite, and can be divided into LK 12-70, LK8-65, LK5-60, LK3-53, LK 15-60 and LK/Kloc-0 according to chemical composition. The standard not only stipulates the chemical composition of bauxite, but also requires that the moisture content of sedimentary diaspore should not be greater than 7%, and the moisture content of accumulative diaspore and laterite gibbsite should not be greater than 8%. In addition, it is required that the particle size of bauxite should not be greater than 150 mm, and bauxite should not be mixed with dirt, limestone and other impurities.

Edit the category distribution of this paragraph

The basic types and subtypes are mainly distributed in the region.

Bauxite monohydrate 1) diaspore-kaolinite type (D-K type) Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Guizhou

Bauxite monohydrate 2) Diaspore-pyrophyllite type (D-P type) Henan

Bauxite monohydrate 3) boehmite-kaolinite type (B-K type) Shandong and Shanxi

Bauxite monohydrate 4) Diaspore-illite type (D-I type) Henan

Bauxite monohydrate 5) Diaspore-Kaolinite-Rutile (D-K-R type) Sichuan

Gibbsite bauxite in Fujian and Guangdong (G type)

Edit typical deposits in this section.

Xiaoshanba Bauxite Area, Xiuwen, Guizhou

1957 Shen Xiu xiaoshanba bauxite area started exploration, with a total of 20.264 million tons of bauxite with an average grade of 67.9 1%. 1979, the Wulongsi mining area began to be put into production, the coal seam is layered, the occurrence is gentle, the dip angle is 5 ~ 10, and it tends to the northeast.

Xiaoyiji Bauxite in Shanxi Province

The exploration was first carried out in Ke 'e bauxite mine in 1960, and then in Bujiayu and other ore sections. * * * A total of 62.656 million tons of bauxite were discovered, with an average grade of 64.36%. 1986, Shanxi aluminum plant began to mine xiaoyi bauxite. There are three types of ore: dense ore, coarse ore and pea-shaped oolitic ore.

Yao Zhang Yuan Bauxite, Xin 'an County, Henan Province

The deposit was explored with refractory clay in 196 1 ~ 1964, and production began in 1966. Accumulated proven bauxite is 9.497 million tons. The geological age of ore-bearing strata is the same as that of Xiaoyi-Ji deposit in Shanxi, and both belong to late Carboniferous Benxi period.

Pingguo Bauxite in Guangxi

The mining area is 1750km2, and there are ore deposits in the range of layered ore bodies 132km. Primary ore was first explored in 1959 ~ 196 1 year. Due to the high sulfur content in the primary ore, it was converted to accumulation ore exploration in 1974, and the accumulated proven bauxite reserves reached1260.98 million t, with an average grade of 64.69%. Because of the high sulfur content of layered ore (1.5% ~ 7%), it is still difficult to use in industry.

Guizhou Zunyi Goujiang Bauxite

The mine was explored in 1989, and its proven reserves reached1120,000 tons, with an average ore grade of 53.62%. The occurrence of seams is complex, there are many ore-free skylights, and the ore-bearing coefficient is small, about 0.5. In-situ laterization and denudation of these strata lead to in-situ accumulation of weathering crust materials such as bauxite and clay minerals, and a few of them migrate and accumulate slightly due to slope accumulation.

Hainan Penglai bauxite mine

The deposit is a modern lateritic bauxite deposit. 1959 ~ 196 1 year for general survey and exploration, 1975 for 9 ore bodies such as Robben No.5 and No.6. Accumulated proven bauxite reserves reached 219.06 million tons, with an average grade of 44.4%. Bauxite is distributed on gentle hilltops, with an altitude of about 30 ~ 60m. It is a gibbsite bauxite deposit with weathered basalt laterite from Tertiary to Quaternary.

Wangcun Bauxite in Zibo, Shandong Province

Wangcun Bauxite is located in the northwest of Zibo Basin. 1956 for detailed survey, 1964 ~ 1965 for preliminary survey and detailed survey. Open pit mining started at 1958 and ended at 1967. 1965 started infrastructure construction, and 1966 was put into production. The mine has accumulated 2.945 million tons of bauxite, which is a small deposit.

Edit the development foundation of this section.

Guizhou is the main producing area of bauxite in China, accounting for about 1/5 of the whole country, among which Qingzhen and Xiuwen have the largest bauxite reserves and the highest grade. After bauxite processing, it can be used to manufacture cement and refractories, as well as aluminum industry, nonferrous metal smelting and abrasive industry. Qingzhen Gomai Mine, on which bauxite mining and deep processing base depends, is a mine of Guiyang Refractory Factory. In June 2007, a company in Shenzhen successfully acquired all the property of Guiyang Refractory Factory, a policy bankrupt enterprise. According to the principle of "revitalizing the stock and optimizing the increment", the company invested nearly 200 million yuan to develop the Qingzhen Gomai Mine. It is estimated that by the end of 2009, the company will form a comprehensive production capacity of 404,000 tons/year in Guizhou, and realize a sales income of 3,654,380,000 yuan, making it the largest refractory finishing enterprise in Jiangnan and Southwest China. Guiyang Refractory Factory, located in Gomai Township, qingzhen city, began to build a bauxite mining and deep processing base. Build three rotary kiln production lines with an annual output of 60,000 tons of high-alumina clinker, and become the largest bauxite deep processing base in Guizhou Province. Guizhou is expected to become the largest bauxite deep processing base in China.

Edit this brief history of mining.

The general survey and prospecting of bauxite in China began at 1924. At that time, Japanese Xiong Jun Sakamoto and others made a geological survey of bauxite shale in Liaoyang, Liaoning and Yantai, Shandong. Since then, Japanese Kazuo Kobayashi and China scholars Wang Zhuquan, Xie and Chen Hongcheng have successively made special geological surveys on bauxite and bauxite shale in Zibo, Hebei, Kailuan, Taiyuan, Xishan, Yangquan, Benxi, Liaoning and Fuzhou Bay. The bauxite survey in southern China began at 1940. First, Bian inspected the bauxite near Banqiao in Kunming. Subsequently, from 1942 to 1945, Peng, Xie, Le Xun and others successively conducted geological surveys and systematic sampling of bauxite and high-alumina clay mines in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces. Generally speaking, the work before the founding of New China was mostly of a general reconnaissance nature. The real geological exploration of bauxite began after the founding of New China. From 1953 to 1955, the geological teams of the Ministry of Metallurgy and the Ministry of Geology visited Zibo, Shandong, Xiaoguan, Gongxian, Henan (such as Zhulingou, Chadian, Shuitou,), Guizhou (such as Lin, Xiaoshanba and Yanlong), Baijiazhuang and Yangquan in Shanxi successively. However, due to the lack of bauxite exploration experience, combined with the actual situation of bauxite in China, the bauxite specifications of the former Soviet Union were blindly applied, and most geological exploration reports were downgraded and the reserves were greatly reduced during the recheck of 1960 to 1962. After 1958, China has accumulated some experience in bauxite exploration. On the basis of the general survey of copper and aluminum, many bauxite mines have been discovered and explored, the most important of which are Zhangyaoyuan in Henan, Pingguo in Guangxi, Xiaoyi Keke in Shanxi, Zhangpu in Fujian and Penglai in Hainan. Bauxite mining in China first started at 19 1 1. At that time, the Japanese first mined bauxite in Fuzhou Bay, Liaoning, China, and then mined bauxite in layers A and G in 1925 ~ 1 Liaoyang, Liaoning and Yantai, Shandong. The above mining is mainly used for fire prevention. 194 1 ~ 1943, Zibo hutian bauxite mine, Tianzhuang mine and Hongtupo mine were mined by Japanese army, and the ore was used as raw material for aluminum smelting. Later, Taiwan Province Aluminum Company also carried out small-scale mining for aluminum smelting. The large-scale development and utilization of bauxite in China began after New China. 1954, the Shandong geomantic mine, which was exploited by the Japanese army on a small scale, was restored for the first time. After 1958, Shandong, Henan, Guizhou and other provinces successively built three aluminum plants: 50 1, 502 and 503. In order to meet the demand of these three aluminum plants for bauxite, Zhangdian Aluminum Mine, Xiaoguan Aluminum Mine, Luoyang Aluminum Mine, Xiuwen Aluminum Mine, Qingzhen Aluminum Mine and Yangquan Aluminum Mine have been successively built in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi and Guizhou provinces. In 1980s, especially after the establishment of 1983 China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation, China's bauxite geological exploration and aluminum industry developed rapidly. A number of large aluminum plants, represented by Shanxi Aluminum Plant and Guizhou Aluminum Plant, were built and expanded, which increased the primary aluminum output from less than 2,000 tons in 1954 to1870,000 tons in the 1990s. A complete aluminum industrial system from geology, mining to smelting and processing has been established, and metallic aluminum and its processed products can basically meet the needs of China's economic construction.

Edit the development status of this paragraph.

According to the data in 1996, the world bauxite reserves are 23 billion tons, and the reserve base is 28 billion tons. Among them, Australia (7.9 billion tons), Guinea (5.9 billion tons), Brazil (2.9 billion tons) and Jamaica (2 billion tons) are rich in bauxite resources. The quantity and quality of bauxite in China are inferior to those in the above countries. For example, the reserves of A+B+C (industrial reserve) in these countries are far behind. Generally speaking, China is rich in bauxite resources, and its basic reserves rank seventh and eighth in the world. As of 2006, the resource reserves were 2.776 billion tons, including 542 million tons of basic reserves, 742 million tons of basic reserves and 2.035 billion tons, mainly distributed in Shanxi, Henan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, accounting for 90.26% of the country, including 35.9% in Shanxi, 20.6% in Henan and 0/838 in Guangxi. In addition, Chongqing, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Sichuan, Hainan and other 15 provinces and cities also have certain resource reserves, but their total amount only accounts for 10% of China. 1995, the total output of bauxite ore in China was 6.4 million tons. In addition to the state-owned mining enterprises with non-ferrous system, China township collective mining enterprises and individual mining sites also mine bauxite in large quantities, but the output is unstable. In recent years, the output of alumina and metallic aluminum in China has increased rapidly. 1.996 reached 2,546,200 t and 1.900 million t respectively, which were nearly 2.5 times and 4 times higher than 1.985 respectively. The output of aluminum increased even faster, from 365,438+0,00000 t in 65,438+0,985 to 65,438+0,622,054,38+000 t in196, an increase of more than 35 times (. Bauxite is mainly used in alumina industry and high alumina clinker industry. In 2003, their consumption was almost equal. According to the proportion of bauxite used in alumina production in major provinces in 2003, the bauxite resource reserves that can be used in alumina industry can be estimated. In addition, considering the best carrying capacity of alumina, we must be based on reality, that is, we must consider the demand for bauxite in industries such as high-alumina clinker. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use the bearing capacity of bauxite resources to evaluate the production scale of alumina in each province. With the excessive expansion of electrolytic aluminum in China, the contradiction of alumina supply shortage has become increasingly prominent, and the import volume, price and product profit have increased greatly. Driven by economic interests, some provinces with bauxite resources, such as Henan and Shanxi, set off a boom of local alumina enterprises. According to statistics, alumina plants have been set up in Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and other places, and there are as many as 29 projects under construction and proposed, with the planned total scale exceeding 20 million tons/year, plus the existing alumina production scale exceeding 30 million tons/year.

Edit this collection information (geological museum, China)

Pictures of bauxite collection in geological museum, China

Caption: This photo is a sample of bauxite in Wudongshan, Zhangpu, China. Yellow brown, cryptocrystalline texture, honeycomb structure. The main mineral composition is bauxite. [ 1]

Save unit:? China geological journal