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Cultivation techniques of banana intercropping with Dutch beans in autumn

Tiandong County is located in the southwest of Guangxi and the center of Youjiang Valley in the southeast of Baise City. It has strong solar radiation, more sunshine, less frost and snow and a long frost-free period. It is hot in summer, mild in winter, humid in summer and dry in winter, belonging to the south subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 2 1.9℃, and the annual precipitation is1172.3mm. It is one of the main banana producing areas in Guangxi, with an annual planting area of 6.5438+0.2 million mu, and about 30,000-40,000 mu newly planted each year. The planting density of bananas is generally 130- 160 plants/mu, and the row spacing is 2m× 2.3-2.5m Before the production period (that is, about 4 months after planting), when the rows are not densely planted, the light between rows is sufficient, which creates favorable conditions for banana interplanting with other crops. Dutch bean is an annual or overwintering herb of leguminous pea, and its edible part is tender pod. Dutch bean is a semi-cold-tolerant vegetable, which likes mild and humid climate and is not heat-resistant and dry-resistant. It is the most hardy of legumes. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 10 ~ 20℃, the optimum temperature for growth period is 12 ~ 16℃, the optimum temperature for flowering period is 15 ~ 18℃, and the optimum temperature for maturity period is18 ~. Under the optimum temperature condition, the quality of tender pods is fresh. Widely planted in autumn and winter in southern China, it is one of the ideal crops planted in autumn and winter in our county. The cultivation techniques of banana intercropping with Dutch beans are briefly described as follows.

1. Benefits of banana intercropping with Dutch beans in autumn

1. 1 According to the experience of planting Finnish beans in our county in previous years, the average yield per mu is 250-350 kg, 4-5 yuan per kg, and the output value per mu is 1200- 1600 yuan. Because of the intercropping of Dutch beans in banana orchard, the planting density is reduced, and the yield per mu is 200-250 kg, and the output value per mu is 800- 1200 yuan.

1.2 Intercropping bananas with Dutch beans can improve soil fertility, because about 45% of soil fertility remains after harvesting Dutch beans, which can be absorbed and utilized by bananas in the future.

1.3 banana intercropping with Dutch beans can be used for irrigation, making full use of water resources.

1.4 Intercropping Dutch beans with bananas, and directly spreading the harvested Dutch bean orange stalks on the banana garden can not only keep soil moisture, improve soil moisture, reduce irrigation times, and reduce water and electricity costs, but also avoid soil hardening between rows and promote banana production and high yield and quality.

1.5 banana intercropping with Dutch beans inhibited the growth of weeds and reduced the input and labor expenditure of herbicides.

2 Main cultivation techniques

2. 1 schedule:

2. 1. 1 banana planting time: banana planting time is determined by banana production time. According to previous years' experience, the price of bananas listed around the National Day is relatively high. Mid-August to mid-September is the season for planting bananas in autumn in our county.

2. 1.2 Intercropping Dutch bean planting schedule: Dutch bean products are mainly supplied to the market around the Spring Festival, and the planting time should be165438+1early October.

2.2 Intercropping specifications:

2.2. 1 banana planting specifications: the cultivation mode of high ridge and deep ditch double-row planting is adopted, with ridge width of 4.0 m~4.5 m, ridge width of 0.5 m~0.8 m, ridge depth of 0.5 m ~ 0.7 m, row spacing of 2.3 m~2.5 m and plant spacing of 2.0 m; ; High-stem varieties can be planted thinly and short-stem varieties can be planted densely.

2.2.2 Planting specifications of peas: Double rows of single plants are planted between two bananas in the border, and the row spacing is 0.3m×0.6m.

2.3 Soil preparation and fertilization: Dutch bean taproots grow early and fast. 65,438+0 weeks after sowing and before excavation, the taproot has grown to 6-8 cm. The growth rate of underground roots at seedling stage is faster than that above ground, but the root group is weaker than other leguminous crops. Therefore, the soil preparation should be careful and timely after planting bananas. Base fertilizer should be applied early. The application rate of base fertilizer is organic fertilizer 1000 kg per mu, and 50 kg of high-content compound fertilizer (45%). Ditching in the planting row, mixing and applying, and then evenly mixing the fertilizer into the soil.

2.4 Sowing: The amount of dwarfing seeds per mu is 6-8kg. Sowing method: Sow 2-3 seeds per hole according to the row spacing of 50-60 cm and the plant spacing of 30 cm. After sowing, cover with 2 ~ 3 cm thick fine soil.

2.5 Site management

2.5. 1 fertilizer and water management: it is not advisable to water before emergence, but only after emergence to prevent drought and soil cracking. Before flowering, water 1 ~ 2 times according to the weather. No fertilization before flowering, topdressing 1 time at the stage of pod setting, topdressing with human excrement and urine 15 ~ 25 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu. Applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace element fertilizers such as manganese, boron and molybdenum outside the roots after pod setting has obvious yield-increasing effect.

2.5.2 Plant control: Dwarf peas do not need scaffolding, while creeping and semi-creeping peas need scaffolding to pull vines. When the seedlings grow to a height of 30 cm, they should be set up with bamboo poles in time. You can set up a herringbone frame and tie vines artificially to help put them on the shelves. When the plant grows to a certain height, coring promotes the occurrence of lateral vines and increases the number of flowers and pod setting rate.

2.6 Pest control

The main diseases of pea are seedling blight, rust, brown spot, virus disease and powdery mildew in the middle and late stage. Prevention and control methods:

2.6. 1 seedling blight: the whole plant or half plant withers, and the continuous spraying of 1 is controlled.

2.6.2 Rust: mainly harms leaves and stems. At the early stage of the disease, small yellowish brown spots appear on the back or leaves, which expand in the later stage and disperse reddish brown powder after rupture. Diseases on stems are similar to those on leaves. The disease is a fungal disease, which is serious in rainy season.

2.6.3 Brown spot disease: Leaves with obvious light brown spots after infection. The diseased spot on the stem is brown and oval, and black spots can be seen in the diseased part in the later stage. This disease is a fungal disease, and the seeds carry bacteria. Hot and humid weather is conducive to the onset.

2.6.4 Powdery Mildew: This disease is caused by fungi and harms leaves, stems and pods. Most of them start with leaves. At first, white powder spots appeared on the leaves, and then gradually expanded into pieces. In severe cases, both sides of the leaves are covered with white powder and the leaves are dry. White spots also appeared after infection of stems and pods. It is easy to get sick under the conditions of high humidity and large temperature difference between day and night. In addition, poor ventilation, insufficient light, excessive watering and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer are also easy to aggravate the harm, and the rainy season is not conducive to the epidemic of the disease. Control methods: fenning, sulfur suspension concentrate, fenfen and difenoconazole.

2.6.5 Viral disease: mosaic disease: whole plant disease. The diseased plants are dwarfed, the leaves become smaller and shriveled, the color of leaves is uneven, and there are few or no pods. Yellow top disease: the diseased plant is short and shriveled, the newly extracted top leaves turn yellow and become smaller, and many indefinite teeth are extracted from the axils of leaves, showing a cluster phenomenon. Prevention and control methods: firstly, pull out the diseased plants, and then spray pesticides in time to kill aphids and reduce the spread. Finally, every 3 ~ 7 days, apply morpholine gung and vita Park Jung Su, and the frequency of prevention and treatment depends on the severity of the disease.

Main pests: Pieris rapae, mites, bean stalk flies, stem borers and leaf miners: 1 (Spodoptera litura virus) and abamectin can be used for control.

No matter whether it is pest control or disease prevention, the drug must be stopped before pod harvest 10 day.

2.7 Harvest: Generally, the harvest time of Dutch beans is after flowering 1 week, and the suitable harvest time is when the pods are dark green.