Appearance characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora, Ginkgo biloba and Platanus acerifolia.

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen tall tree with oval, shiny and tough leaves. Small yellow and white flowers bloom in May, and black fruits as big as soybeans bear in October. Cinnamomum camphora is full of treasures. Cinnamomum camphora leaves can be used to feed camphor silkworm, and its silk is a good material for weaving nets. At the same time, it can extract tannin extract, which can be used to control rice borers in agriculture. Camphor and camphor oil can be extracted from all parts of camphor tree from root to leaf, which is an important raw material for making films, films and cellophane. Widely used in medicine, anti-corrosion, moth-proofing and making spices, especially its wood, which is yellowish brown and straight in texture. The camphor box made of it can resist moth, so it is very popular with people. The roots of camphor trees are also very beautiful, and they are often made into works of art for people to watch. Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree with a height of 40 meters and a DBH of 4 meters. The bark of young trees is nearly smooth, light gray, and the bark of big trees is grayish brown, with irregular longitudinal cracks, long branches and short distances, and slow growth. Leaves alternate, scattered radially on long branches, 3-5 clustered on short branches, slender petiole, fan-shaped, light green on both sides, notched or 2-lobed on the broad top edge, 5-8 cm wide (115), with many branched venules. Dioecious, sparsely coextensive, cones solitary in leaf axils of short branches; Male cones are inflorescence-shaped, each with many stamens and 2 anthers; The female cone has a long stalk and the stalk end is often bifurcated (3-5 forks). At the fork end, 1 ovule with disc-shaped suspensor is produced, and often 1 ovule develops into a developing seed. First, the green environment ginkgo is resistant to pests and diseases. It is recognized as a pollution-free tree species and the most ideal tree species for ornamental greening. Parks, gardens, communities, roadsides, urban greening and ginkgo planting can be described as "once and for all". Second, purifying the air Ginkgo biloba has the functions of preventing pollution, fireworks and dust. Ginkgo trees can be planted in industrial areas, residential areas, towns, densely populated areas and rest areas. According to a certain proportion, ginkgo forest area and ginkgo forest belt will be formed to naturally purify the air, reduce the content of suspended solids in the atmosphere and improve the air quality. Third, maintain soil and water Ginkgo has the functions of conserving water, preventing wind and fixing sand, and maintaining soil and water. In areas where deforestation, soil erosion and sandstorm erosion are serious, ginkgo shelter forest, shelter forest, road shelter forest, bank protection forest, beach shelter forest, sand prevention forest, etc. Planting is to maintain soil and water and improve the ecological environment. 1996 Puding County, Guizhou Province takes planting ginkgo biloba and developing ginkgo biloba industry as the road to get rid of poverty and become rich. The soil erosion in this county is serious, even a handful of soil should be planted with a corn, and the ground is covered with carboniferous azithromycin particles. In order to prevent soil erosion, farmers planted Ginkgo biloba, which not only improved the ecological environment, but also generated economic income (Ginkgo biloba leaves were sold to processing plants). Nowadays, Ginkgo biloba has been regarded as a new way to get rid of poverty and become rich in Dabie Mountain, Daba Mountain, Yimeng Mountain and other old, less and marginal areas, that is, planting Ginkgo biloba, improving the ecological environment and forming an industrial economy, which has multiple benefits. 4. Pest control Ginkgo biloba can kill crop pests and diseases, especially cotton, spider mite, peach aphid and Chilo suppressalis. Planting ginkgo around agricultural areas is the natural enemy of crop pests and protects crops. V. Adjusting the temperature Ginkgo trees have special functions of being warm in winter and cool in summer. In midsummer, the palm of your hand will feel cold when touching the trunk of Ginkgo biloba, and it will feel hot when touching other trunks (willows). According to the measurement, in midsummer, when the direct sunlight reaches 40.2 degrees Celsius, the temperature under the ginkgo tree is 35.3 degrees Celsius, and the temperature difference between the temperature and the shade of the ginkgo tree is 4.9 degrees Celsius, while the temperature difference between weeping willows is only 2.3 degrees Celsius. The temperature adjustment ability of the ginkgo tree is more than twice that of the willow tree. Therefore, the construction of ginkgo forest area and ginkgo forest belt will form a scale, which will cause the climate of the community and have a good impact on regulating the temperature of farmland and residential areas and improving the climate. Medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba: The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticides and veterinary drugs. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Feng Jing Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of ginkgo seeds appeared in Jiangsu and Sichuan for clinical use. Therapeutic effect 1. Antibacterial and bactericidal Ginkgo biloba leaves contain ginkgolic acid and ginkgol, which have been proved by experiments to have antibacterial and bactericidal effects and can be used to treat respiratory tract infectious diseases. Ginkgo biloba extract can inhibit various fungi to varying degrees, and can relieve itching and treat tinea. 2. Eliminating illness and relieving cough Ginkgo biloba is sweet and bitter, and has the effect of astringing lung qi, relieving asthma and relieving cough. It has an auxiliary dietotherapy effect on cough caused by lung diseases, asthma with weak constitution in the elderly and asthma with various phlegm types. 3. Ginkgolic acid and ginkgol contained in the testa of Ginkgo biloba have anti-tuberculosis effects. Ginkgo biloba leaves soaked in oil have a strong inhibitory effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis, and fresh fruits soaked in raw vegetable oil have a certain effect on improving symptoms such as fever, night sweats, cough and hemoptysis, and loss of appetite caused by tuberculosis. Therefore, it can be used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. 4. Stop turbidity and reduce stool. Modern medical research has found that the so-called Ginkgo biloba can contract the sphincter of bladder. It can be used for the adjuvant treatment of infantile enuresis, frequent micturition due to qi deficiency, excessive leucorrhea and unconsolidated nocturnal emission. 5. Lowering serum cholesterol and dilating coronary arteries Ginkgo biloba leaves contain shikimic acid, ginkgetin, isoflavones and sterols. In recent years, it has been used to treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebral vasospasm, hypercholesterolemia and other diseases. Tung tree, also known as French phoenix tree, is scientifically called Platanus acerifolia. Deciduous trees, up to 35 meters high; Branches spread out and the crown is wide; Bark is grayish green, irregular flake, pink green, and smooth after flake peeling. Leaf blade triangular, 9-15cm long, 9-17cm wide, 3-5 palmately divided, with irregular sharp teeth and wavy teeth at the edge, truncated or nearly heart-shaped at the base, stellate hairs when tender, and nearly hairless at the back. Globular inflorescence 2 in diameter. 5-3.5 cm, usually 2 in a string, shaped like a bell; The flower is about 4 mm long; Sepals 4; Petals 4; Male flower; Male flowers have 4-8 stamens; The female flower has six independent carpels. Flowering in May, fruit ripening in September -65438+ 10. The tree has a tall trunk, lush foliage, rapid growth, easy survival and pruning resistance, so it is widely planted as a street greening tree species and a fast-growing timber tree species. It has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine.