Three pairs of similar types of climate

It is hot and rainy all year round. The annual variation of solar radiation is small, because the sun passes through the zenith twice before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox in a year, the annual variation of meteorological elements has double peaks.

The weather is very monotonous. Controlled by the equatorial ocean air mass all the year round, the wind is weak and the seasonal phase remains unchanged. It's basically sultry and sunny every morning, and then the cumulus clouds accumulate thicker and thicker. It rained cats and dogs in the afternoon, and it was a little cold after the rain, and it was the same the next day.

2. Tropical grassland climate

The high temperature throughout the year is divided into obvious dry and wet seasons. The annual rainfall is 700 ~ 1000 mm, most of which is concentrated in rainy season. The temperature in dry season is higher than that in tropical rain forest area, and the average daily temperature is between 24 ~ 30℃. Generally, the continental depression moves northward from May to 65438+10 every year. At this time, the southwest monsoon blowing from the Gulf of Guinea (also known as Guinea monsoon) prevailed in the tropical grassland in the northern hemisphere, bringing abundant precipitation and forming the rainy season.

1 1 By April of the following year, the continental low pressure moved southward, and the trade winds (Hamadan winds) with high pressure belts returning northward prevailed in the tropical grasslands in the northern hemisphere, which were very dry and formed a dry season. The dry and wet seasons of grassland in the hot grass belt in the southern hemisphere are just the opposite to those in the northern hemisphere.

3. Tropical monsoon climate

The annual temperature is high, and the annual average temperature is above 22℃. In Leng Yue, winter is generally above 16℃ for half a year. The wet and dry seasons are obvious, and the precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season, with a large amount of precipitation.

Monsoon is extraordinary. In the dry season, the northeast monsoon from the land high merges into the equatorial convergence zone in the ocean, and in the rainy season, the southwest monsoon from the subtropical high in the southern hemisphere merges into the Tal low. Tropical cyclones prevail, synchronized with the "summer monsoon", and the tropical cyclone season is from mid-May to mid-September every year.

4. Tropical desert climate

Tropical desert climate has many characteristics, such as sunny days, strong sunshine, dryness, hot summer, large temperature difference between day and night, and many sandstorms. It is dry and hot all year round, especially in the hot season.

5. Subtropical monsoon climate

The subtropical monsoon climate is very suitable for human habitation, mainly located at the edge of the Pacific Ocean. Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is mild and rainy.

6. Subtropical Mediterranean climate

The subtropical Mediterranean climate is characterized by dry heat in summer and mild and rainy in winter, which is the only climate type with different rain and heat cycles in 13 climate type. Winter is controlled by westerlies, with frequent frontal cyclones and mild climate. Leng Yue has a temperature of 4- 10℃ and abundant precipitation.

Summer is controlled by subtropical high, the airflow sinks, the climate is dry and hot with little rain, few clouds and plenty of sunshine. The annual precipitation is 300- 1000 mm, accounting for 60%-70% in winter and only 30%-40% in summer. There is more precipitation in winter than in summer. If the annual precipitation in the Mediterranean region is made into a histogram, it will be found that it will form a basin arc.

7. Temperate monsoon climate

Summer is hot and rainy: in summer, the sun's altitude angle increases, the days are long and the temperature is high, and the southeast monsoon blowing from the tropical ocean brings abundant precipitation. Winter is cold and dry: the average temperature in Leng Yue is below 0℃, and it is cold in winter. The reason is that the higher latitude is close to the source of the winter wind, and the lower terrain makes the winter wind weaken. Monsoon is obvious, and it is often affected by tropical cyclones in summer and autumn.

8. temperate continental climate

It's cold in winter and hot in summer. The annual temperature difference is very large, and the daily temperature difference is also very large. Winter is controlled by high pressure, and the lowest temperature reaches-73℃; In summer, the average temperature in July in the south reaches 26 ~ 27℃, and the highest temperature is 33℃, which is close to 20℃ in the north. The maximum annual change range is 62.3℃.

Controlled by continental air masses throughout the year, precipitation increases from south to north (from west to east in North America), with annual precipitation below 200mm to about 400mm and 300-600 mm in the north. Natural vegetation from south to north, from temperate desert and temperate grassland, transits to subafrigid coniferous forest.

9. Temperate maritime climate

It is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the annual temperature difference is small. There are more rainy seasons and winter rains throughout the year, and the annual and daily changes of temperature are very small. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform. In tropical oceans, there are many storms, cloudy weather and high humidity.

10, sub-frigid zone needle continental climate

Winter is long and cold, warm season is short, and the temperature is high all year round. This is because this area is the source of polar continental air mass, with high latitude, long night time in winter, small solar altitude angle at noon, snow and strong ground radiation cooling, which is beyond the adjustment of ocean air mass.

Less precipitation, concentrated in summer, weak evaporation and high relative humidity. The reason for less precipitation is that the temperature in this area is low and the water vapor content in the air is not much, but the evaporation here is weak, so it still belongs to a humid climate.

Precipitation is concentrated in summer because the summer temperature is high and there is a lot of water vapor in the air, including cyclone rain and convective rain; In winter, the temperature is low, the water vapor content is low, and it is controlled by the sinking continental anticyclone, so there is little precipitation in winter.

1 1, polar ice sheet climate

The birthplace of the ice ocean air mass and the Antarctic air mass is in a state of long night all winter. Although summer is like spring all the year round, the sunshine is oblique and the heat gained is weak, so the climate is cold all the year round, and the temperature in each month is below 0℃.

The Antarctic continent has an average annual temperature of -25℃, which is the coldest continent in the world. 1967, the absolute minimum temperature measured by Norwegians was -94.5℃, which was called the "cold pole" in the world. Most of the ground is covered with thick ice and snow, and there are many cold storms, which make it difficult for plants to grow.

12, polar tundra climate

Because it is often influenced by the ice ocean air mass and the polar continental air mass, it is very cold all year round. The average temperature in the hottest month is 1 ~ 5℃, with less precipitation, weak evaporation and high cloud cover. Natural vegetation is mainly tundra (moss and lichen).

13 Plateau Mountain Climate

Plateau areas in mid-latitude areas, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Andes, have high altitude and low temperature all the year round (the temperature drops by 0.6 degrees Celsius every 100 meters above sea level), forming a plateau mountain climate. Plateau mountain climate has two most important characteristics: high altitude and low temperature.