What are the four major satellite launch bases in China and which is the largest? (Please specify)

1, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (Saihantaolai-Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia)

2. xichang satellite launch center (Mianning County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province)

3. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (kelan county)

4. Wenchang Satellite Launch Center (Wenchang, Hainan)

Xichang Satellite Launch Center

Xichang satellite launch center (XSLC), also known as Xichang Satellite City, was founded in 1970 and belongs to the General Armament Department of China People's Liberation Army. It is a space launch base that mainly undertakes the launch of geosynchronous orbit satellites, and undertakes the test launch and application launch tasks of communication, broadcasting and meteorological satellites. Xichang satellite launch center is the largest launch site in China, with the most advanced equipment and technology, undertaking the largest number of alien launch missions, and capable of launching multiple types of satellites. The launch center has test launch, command and control, tracking and measurement, communication, meteorology and technical service support systems. The two launching stations, technical test center, command and control center and other supporting facilities in the launch site area can undertake and complete all kinds of domestic and foreign satellite launching services. Among the three major satellite launch centers in China, the functions are relatively complete and the equipment is relatively perfect. It can launch both the Long March 3 series launch vehicle using cryogenic propellant and the bundled rocket with large carrying capacity.

Composition and tasks

Xichang satellite launch center consists of headquarters, launch site (technical area and two launch sites), communication terminal, command and control center, three tracking and measuring stations and other related living support units (hospitals, hotels, etc.). ). It is mainly responsible for the organization and command of GTO satellite launch, test launch, active segment measurement, safety control, data processing, information transmission, meteorological support, debris recovery, experimental technology research and other tasks, such as broadcasting, communication and meteorology.

geographical position

Xichang satellite launch center is located in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Its central headquarters is located in Xiushan Lishui, about 60 kilometers northwest of Xichang City, Sichuan Province. The satellite launch site is located in the hinterland of Daliangshan Gorge, 65 kilometers northwest of Xichang City. The corresponding satellite launch test, command and control, tracking and measurement, communication, meteorology, service guarantee and other fields are scattered in different areas of the canyon. The region has a subtropical climate, with an annual average temperature of 16 degrees Celsius, and a moderate surface wind throughout the year. The best launch season is June 10 to May of the following year. Since ancient times, people can often see the unusually bright earth satellite-the moon, which has always been a good story, so Xichang is famous as the "Moon City". Nowadays, launching artificial earth satellites to serve mankind has shocked the world. In addition to the beautiful names of nature, such as Moon City, Xiaoquancheng, Panxi cornucopia and golden zone, she added the names full of modern science and technology charm, such as China Aerospace City and Oriental Houston. The coordinate position of the launch site is 102 degrees east longitude and 28.2 degrees north latitude.

According to aerospace experts, it has the advantages of "natural launch site": First, it has low latitude (28.2 degrees north latitude), high altitude (1.500m), good launch inclination, short ground-to-air distance, low latitude and closer to the equator, which can not only make full use of the centrifugal force of the earth's rotation, but also shorten the distance from the ground to the satellite orbit, thus saving the effective load of the rocket.

Second, the canyon has good terrain and solid geological structure, which is conducive to the overall layout of launch sites, the layout of ground launch facilities, technical equipment, tracking measurement and communication, and can meet the construction of multiple launch sites.

Third, the weather is fine and the "launch window" is good. The annual average temperature is 18℃, which is one of the regions with the smallest climate change in China. There are as many as 320 sunshine days, almost no foggy days, and there are more test periods and allowed launch times.

In a word, Xichang has low latitude, high altitude, few clouds, no pollution and high air transparency. Therefore, a modern high-tech satellite launch center stands tall in the mountains in the north of Xichang, which is also the only space base for launching geosynchronous satellites in China at present.

Startup history

It has written three firsts for China's space history. First, China's first geosynchronous orbit satellite was successfully launched on June 8, 1984. Secondly, 1,1In February 1986, China's first communication and broadcasting satellite Dongfanghong II was successfully launched, ending the history of renting foreign satellites to watch TV in China. The TV programs and weather forecasts we are watching now are transmitted by our own satellite. These satellites were all launched from here with the launch position of the third child. Third, the commercial satellite contracted by China was successfully launched in 1990. Asia One and Asia One are made in Houston, USA. It can be said that they were called "catastrophe" at that time, but they were not successfully launched in five countries. Later, it was captured by the space shuttle and successfully launched from the third launch tower on April 7, 1990. So it is the meritorious tower. It's time to retire now.

Xichang satellite launch center was founded in 1970 and put into use in 1982. Since 1984+ 10 launched China's first communication satellite, 28 domestic and foreign satellites have been launched. 1985- 10, XSLC officially opened to the outside world, undertaking the business of launching extraterrestrials and receiving technical exchanges and inspection teams from more than 50 countries and regions. Advanced and reliable facilities and conditions provide safe and high-quality services for the launch of aliens. Since 1984, xichang satellite launch center has launched 17 communication satellites at home and abroad, which shows that China is one of several important countries in the world that have mastered the capability and technology of commercial launch and occupies a place in the field of world space city. With the acceleration of the construction of Xichang Aerospace City, the rise of Xichang inland open city, and the establishment of the national first-class air port of Xichang Qingshan Airport, xichang satellite launch center has left a good impression and memories for many visitors.

Since 1984 successfully launched the first experimental communication satellite, by the end of 2003, 34 satellite launches had been successfully organized at home and abroad. 1986, Xichang Satellite Launch Site was officially opened to the public. The launch center was completed at 1983. Since 1984, China's first experimental communication satellite, practical communication broadcasting satellite and practical communication satellite have been launched one after another. 1990, the American-made "Asia 1" communication satellite was sent into geosynchronous transfer orbit. In April 2004, "Experimental Satellite No.1" and "Naxing No.1" were successfully launched in xichang satellite launch center, which was the first time that the center launched a sun-synchronous orbit, which indicated that the space launch capability of the center was further improved and it could launch multi-directional and multi-orbit satellites. As of April 2004, the center has two independent launch stations, which can launch different types of Long March launch vehicles, send large-tonnage satellites into synchronous transfer orbit and send small satellites into sun-synchronous orbit.

On June 24th, 2007 18: 05: 04 (UTC+8: 00), China's first man-made satellite around the moon, Chang 'e-1, was launched in xichang satellite launch center, and the whole "flying to the moon" took about 10- 12 days. It is estimated that the total weight of the satellite is about 2350kg and its service life is longer than 1 year. The main detection objectives of the satellite are: to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface (the first three-dimensional image of the lunar surface is expected to be sent back in late 165438+ 10); The contents and distribution characteristics of four useful elements (K, Th, U, O, Si, Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, Na, Mn, Cr, GD) on the lunar surface are analyzed. Detect the thickness of lunar soil and the space environment from the earth to the moon.