How to raise Malanhua

It is a compositae plant, which can be used as wild vegetable and Chinese medicine.

Malan) Sch. )

A perennial herb of Compositae with erect stems and a height of 30-50 cm. Cauline leaves are lanceolate, obovate-oblong, 3-7 cm long and 1-2.5 cm wide. There are 2-4 pairs of shallow teeth above the middle of the edge, and the upper leaves are small and entire. The flower head is sparse umbrella-shaped, the involucre is hemispherical, the diameter is 6-9 mm, and the involucre has 2-4 layers. The marginal flowers are ligulate and purple; The inner flower is tubular and yellow.

Field cultivation method:

I. Soil Preparation and Base Fertilizer Application Malan is a perennial herb, which can be used for many years once planted. Therefore, we should choose the right land, improve the land and apply sufficient fertilizer.

1. Choosing a plot suitable for Malan is not strict with the soil, but for its high quality and high yield, we should also choose moist, fertile and loose soil as much as possible, and pay special attention to choosing plots with few weeds for planting.

2. Farming and weeding Malan plants are tender and small, and they are most taboo to mix with weeds. Therefore, we should strive to plough over once 1 month before sowing or transplanting, so that weeds can be completely uprooted manually after growing, or sprayed with pollution-free herbicides before sowing or transplanting to eliminate weeds and put an end to weeds.

3. Malan with sufficient organic base fertilizer is a popular characteristic vegetable, so we should try not to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides and plant it green. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the application of high-quality farm manure, such as livestock manure and poultry manure, at a dosage of more than 5000 kg per 667 square meters. First of all, it should be fully decomposed, spread on the ground before soil preparation, and then plowed into the soil to rake it evenly, so that the soil and fertilizer can blend.

4. Fine soil preparation The root system of Malan is not too deep in the soil, so it is not necessary to plow too deeply, but it is required to plow and freeze before winter to loosen the soil. On this basis, when the soil is wet or moist in spring, fine harrow should be carried out to make the land fine, flat and soft, and the soil is full of water, which is beneficial to sowing or transplanting.

5. After planting Malan seeds in furrow, it should be carefully managed and harvested many times. Planting Malan seeds requires ditching. The boundary surface should not be too wide or too narrow. It is advisable to stand on both sides of the border ditch, which can remove weeds on the border and is beneficial to the harvest of commercial vegetables. For cultivation in the open field, the width of the border is generally 1.2 ~ 1.4m, and the depth of the border ditch is 10 ~ 15cm, which is subject to the fact that the accumulated water in the field can be drained and the seedlings are not stained. Greenhouse cultivation should be made into a small dwarf border with a width of about 1m and a ridge height of 4 ~ 6 cm. The boundary surface should be high in the north and low in the south, with a drop of 10cm, which is convenient for lighting.

Second, there are many varieties of sowing and transplanting plants, mainly red-stem Malan and green-stem Malan, which can be planted or eaten. When collecting seeds in the field, we should choose those creeping plants with short roots and dark green leaves as seeds. There are two ways:

1. The sowing method of Malan is suitable for spring sowing. The temperature varies from place to place, usually from February to March. The germination rate of Malan is not high because of the low temperature in spring. Sowing amount should be increased appropriately. The seeds of Malan are small, so it is necessary to sow them with fine soil or plant ash 3 ~ 10 times to make the seeds fall to the ground evenly. A single variety of Malan can be sown. If it is intercropped with other vegetables, it should be sown in wide and narrow rows. The row direction is different from the border direction, that is, the north-south direction, and the sowing direction is east-west, which is convenient for intercropping and management. After sowing, gently compact the seeds with wooden boards to make them closely combine with the soil, and cover them with films or reed mats and grass curtains to keep them moist and warm. After emergence, the mulch should be removed immediately.

2. The method of transplanting by dividing plants is simple, low in cost and high in survival rate, and can be harvested in the same year of planting. Every spring and autumn, the roots of Malan in the field can be dug out with soil with a shovel or a round shovel, and the large Malan with roots can be broken into small pieces when planting. It is required that each plot has 3 ~ 4 roots and stems, and a single plant should be planted with a spacing of 15× 15cm. Intercropping should be planted in wide and narrow rows according to the requirements of intercropping vegetables. After sowing, the seeds should be compacted to make them closely contact with the soil and watered in time to facilitate survival.

Third, strengthen management. The quality and yield of Malan products are closely related to the thickness of field management. Therefore, we must emphasize strengthening management.

1. After watering and sowing Malan, if the temperature is warm and the soil is dry and wet, seedlings can generally emerge in about 15 days; If the weather is dry, you should always spray water with a watering can to keep the soil moist to facilitate seedling emergence; After emergence, water can be sprayed every few days in the morning and evening 1 time; Although Malan bears early, in order to make it tender and vigorous, if there is drought in the soil during the growing period, it should be watered in time to avoid drought affecting its yield and quality.

2. Top dressing When the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves (after transplanting live trees), the first top dressing is performed, the second top dressing is performed 7- 10 days before harvesting, and the top dressing is performed after each harvesting. In order to ensure the quality of Malan products, it is suggested to use fully decomposed human urine diluent or green organic granular fertilizer or green quick-acting organic liquid fertilizer instead of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer.