The demand of bayberry for sunshine and soil?

(1) temperature. Yangmeixi has a warm climate. There are no wild or cultivated Myrica rubra in the north of the Yangtze River basin in China except Hanzhong, Shaanxi and Wudu, Gansu, which have special microclimates. Its temperature requirements are similar to those of loquat and citrus, and the most suitable temperature is 15 ~ 20℃, the absolute minimum temperature of seedlings is not lower than -5℃, and the artificially cultivated trees are not lower than-12℃. Taking Cixi City, Zhejiang Province, the main producing area of Myrica rubra in China, as an example, the annual average temperature is 16. 1℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 38.5℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -9.3℃, the annual active accumulated temperature is ≥ 10℃, and the annual frost-free period is 250 days. In March, the average ground temperature of 20 cm underground 10.3℃ enabled the roots of Myrica rubra to move normally. The average temperature in April is 65438 04.7℃, which can meet the needs of flowering, germination and branching of Myrica rubra. The average temperature in May is 65438 09.7℃, which is beneficial to the expansion of young bayberry fruit. The average temperature in June is 23.9℃, which can prevent the fruit from ripening at high temperature. Because Myrica rubra has a high crown and shallow roots, it is also easily affected by high temperature; However, the low temperature in winter has a direct impact on seedlings and young trees. In production practice, areas close to the coast and along the lake are often chosen for cultivation, because the regulation of large water bodies is conducive to the growth and development of Myrica rubra and the improvement of fruit quality.

(2) moisture. Myrica rubra likes wet and bears shade. Generally, when the rainfall is sufficient and wet, trees will flourish, start to bear fruit early, with high yield and good quality. Therefore, the annual rainfall is required to be above 1 1,000mm. Taking Cixi City, Zhejiang Province as an example, the average annual rainfall of1.260mm and the annual rainfall of 1/4 in spring are beneficial to improve the survival rate of Myrica rubra seedlings. The average rainfall in May is 65438±0.50mm, and that in June is 65438±0.64mm, which is beneficial to the growth of Myrica rubra and the improvement of fruit quality. However, the flowering period of Myrica rubra needs sunny weather to facilitate pollination and fertilization; In late summer and early autumn, it is also necessary to reduce rainfall, promote photosynthesis of trees and accumulate nutrients for flower bud differentiation.

(3) sunshine. Myrica rubra is not strict about sunshine, but generally speaking, Yinshan Mountain or North Slope with less sunshine not only grows well, but also has soft and juicy fruit and good flavor. On the contrary, in sunny Yangshan or south slope, the growth of trees is slightly smaller, the pulp column is hard, the juice is less and the taste is poor. However, if it is not cultivated properly, Myrica rubra trees in Yinshan and the north slope tend to grow white, with few flowers and fruits, while Myrica rubra fruits in Yangshan and the south slope have slightly higher sugar content.

(4) soil. Production practice has proved that Myrica rubra is suitable for planting in acidic or slightly acidic red soil or yellow soil, including purple soil and other mountainous areas. Sandy loam with loose soil, good drainage, gravel and pH value between 4.5 and 6.5 is better. However, in mountainous areas with heavy soil, the growth and development of Myrica rubra and its fruit quality are poor. The root system of Myrica rubra and actinomycetes form nodules, which can absorb nitrogen from soil and air for its utilization. Actinomycetes are aerobic fungi, and their cultivation requires loose soil.

(5) Topography, landform and altitude. There are generally three types of landforms in mountainous and hilly areas: ① The sloping land at the foot of the mountain is the most cultivated area in the main producing area of Myrica rubra. Generally, the soil layer in this area is deep, and it is red soil or yellow soil mixed with gravel. (2) The ravine is located in the low-lying part of the mountain. The depth and fertility of the soil layer are inconsistent, and there is often a valley wind, and the climate changes greatly. (3) The hillside is steep. Because of the rain leaching, the soil layer is generally thin, containing a lot of stones and coarse gravel, with good permeability, but low fertility and inconvenient management. In order to be beneficial to the growth and development of Myrica rubra, high quality and stable yield, it is best to choose a slope at the foot of the mountain and transform it into a terrace or fish scale pit to avoid "planting with the slope" and maintain soil and water. Suitable for commercial cultivation in mountainous areas with a slope below 30 degrees; If it is cultivated as ecological public welfare forest or soil and water conservation forest, it should be planted in the worst natural conditions, and the seedlings of Myrica rubra can also be planted, which is not only low in cost, but also strong in stress resistance.