Introduction of scenic spots in Nuanquan ancient town

Wenquan Town is located in the west of Yuxian County, Hebei Province, with east longitude114 26 ′ and north latitude 39 48 ′. The provincial boundary between Hebei and Shanxi is 3 kilometers west. Wenquan Town enjoys convenient transportation, with wei county 10.4km in the east, Guangling County 15km in the west and 4km in the north from Xia Guang Second Class Highway. Hot spring ancient town has a long history. Archaeological data, such as the Paleolithic and many Neolithic sites found in Liuhu Valley, can be traced back to. As early as 20,000 years ago in the late Paleolithic period, people had settled and lived in hot spring areas.

1 summary

According to historical records, the ancient town belonged to Jizhou in the Yao and Shun period, to Jin in the Shang and Zhou periods, and to the Warring States period, it was a place contested by Zhao and Qin. During the Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, they all belonged to Daixian County, and the hot springs belonged to Pingshuo County. The existing large feudal Han clique in Zhenxi was buried with the bureaucrats of that year. The Tang Dynasty was a place where Han people competed with ethnic minorities. The town was founded in Yuan Dynasty and developed into "three castles, six lanes and eighteen villages" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since then, hot springs have become the transportation hub and commercial center in western Yuxian.

In the ancient city of Wenquan Town, the map of Zhishui Road in Yuzhou records: "In the 30-mile hot spring fort in the west of the city, the spring source is divided into east and west streams by stone jars", and it is said that "its water is as clear as a mirror, and it is not frozen in three winters, so it is a cloud." The name "warm spring" comes from this. The most famous of these two springs is Fengyuan pond water. Spring water flows out from the East and West Longkou and flows slowly around the village. To the south of Fengchi is a pavilion academy. The main building of the college is a pavilion of about 80 square meters. The spring water flows through the underground pavilion. There is a living well in front of the pavilion, which is made of octagonal stone, so it is called octagonal well. "Running water runs through the pavilion and octagonal well" is one of the "eight scenic spots" in Yuxian County. Spring water irrigates hundreds of acres of vegetable gardens and rice fields in the south of the township along the open channel around the village, and finally flows into the Huliuhe Reservoir in the southeast of the township. The warm spring water flowed out 1.5 km in several cold days, without freezing.

Xichengbao is known as "the first village of folk culture in Hebei Province" and is a typical castle in Yuxian County and even in Hebei Province. The famous Xichengbao Village, commonly known as Zhaibao, is located in Wenquan Town, Yuxian County, Zhangjiakou City. Two kilometers to the west is the provincial boundary between Hebei and Shanxi. There are 635 households 1629 people in the village. The castle was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and it was expanded and continued to be built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. This is the most unique and well-preserved example of Gu Wei 800 Bao Zhuang, which integrates the four cultural wonders of "ancient house, ancient temple, ancient castle and ancient stage".

2 architectural style

The plane of the West Castle is square, with a length of 260 meters from east to west and 330 meters from north to south, with a total area of 67,300 square meters, namely 1, 0 1 mu. The wall of Wenquan Town is 8 8- 10/0m high, 6-8m wide at the lower part and 2-4m wide at the upper part. The main body is rammed with loess, the important parts such as Jiutian Pavilion and Nanbeibaomen are widened and heightened, and the wall is built with bricks inside and outside. The layout of the north and south gates is symmetrical, each consisting of two brick turnstiles and brick walls. The turnstile is 3.5m high and 2.2m wide, and the ground is paved with bluestone profiles. After years of Cang Sang, two deep ruts were left on the slate. Between the inner and outer revolving doors is the famous Barbican structure. This kind of architecture originated in the Warring States Period, when Wu Zixu, the general of the State of Wu, skillfully built the Panmen in Suzhou into an urn-shaped structure. As a result, the Vietnamese army was trapped between the first and second doors after breaking through the first door, forming turtles in a jar. The plane of the north and south urns of the West Castle is square, with a side length of about 50 meters. Both Barbicans face east, and each has a castle gate. There is a stone tablet outside and above the castle gate. The south gate is engraved with the words "West Castle", "Yongsheng Gate" and "Nineteen Years of Kangxi". The stone tablet at the north gate is badly damaged and illegible.

There are many buildings in South Wengcheng, including 74 temples, halls, pavilions and pavilions, with a construction area of about 1.500 square meters. The first thing you see when you enter Nanweng City is a small and exquisite ancient theater with cornices and arches and colorful paintings. The theater is 13m wide and 8.5m deep. The uniqueness lies in that there are two wings on each side of the theater, which are beautiful and generous in shape. At the same time, it increases the use area of the theater in a limited space. This design form is unique among nearly 700 ancient theatres in Yuxian.

Entering the courtyard from the brick-carved hanging door on the west side of the theater, it is the Tibetan Temple (commonly known as Hades Temple), a Buddhist activity place approved by the provincial and municipal religious management departments. The temple is divided into two floors, patio-style building, and the lower floor has a 12 all-brick rotating cave. The appearance of the cave is modeled after Yungang Grottoes in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the interior design is eighteen layers of hell in the underworld. Upstairs, there are the Dizang King Temple, Yan Jun Tenth Hall, Ghost King Temple, Kannonji, Sanyi Temple, Horse Temple and Bell and Drum Tower. The layout of these buildings is rigorous and ingenious, the skills of brick carving and wood carving are exquisite, and the statues and murals are lifelike. The promenade is quiet and winding, creating a novel landscape in a narrow space.

The ancient buildings in Beiwengcheng are mainly on the fort wall, and the Jiutian Pavilion at the northernmost end is 16.5 meters high, which is one of the highest points in Wenquan Town. From a distance, the tall and majestic Zhenwu Temple, Zitong Temple and Bell Tower seem to be built on the blue sky and white clouds. Visitors to the temple must carefully climb 72 steep brick steps, which makes people feel like walking a ladder. Unfortunately, all three ancient buildings were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, leaving only some remains.

Three houses in ancient style

The revolving door between the north and south of the West Castle is 227 meters apart, forming a main street composed of three small streets from east to west. Ancient houses built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are located on both sides of these streets in Wenquan Town. There are 180 ancient residential courtyards, including 5 large courtyard houses, 49 small regular ancient quadrangles, and 246 ancient residential houses with ornamental and research value. These houses are all brick and wood structures, wooden lattice windows, wood carvings, green columns, white, gray and blue tiles, roofs and kissing animals. The windows of all the houses are open to our hospital, but not to the windows of the alley. Despite hundreds of years of wind and rain erosion, its heavy wood and stone, exquisite brick carvings and simple and elegant oil paintings still show its prosperity and elegance. Overlooking the north and south of Deng Baocheng Tower, rows of houses, tall and neat roofs kissing the cylindrical tile roofs of wild animals, temples and towers are steep and vigorous, showing the charm of an ancient city.

There are 243 households with 7 19 people living in Xichengbao. The ancient houses with high building specifications in the fort are mainly distributed in the northeast, southeast and southwest. The northeast part is mainly located on the east and west sides of the building, including Zhangjia Courtyard, Dongjia Ancestral Hall, Tibetan Master Xuan and so on. It is characterized by rigorous layout, exquisite material selection, exquisite brick carving and wood carving, and strong cultural atmosphere. More than 100 houses in nearly 20 courtyards are connected by different brick revolving doors or flat wooden doors. It is said that this Zhang paid tribute in the middle of Qing Dynasty, which made him famous. Dong Jiazu went to Dong Daze, as rich as an enemy. Legend has it that he donated a batch of black beans to build the temple of death.

It is the most famous Jiulianyuan in Southeast China, which belongs to another Zhang family. This Zhang family is a wealthy family. Nine hospitals are large in scale, mainly including three hospitals, one is "small but suitable", and there are mills, long factories, chariots and horses. There is also a nine-chain courtyard in the southwest, commonly known as the "West Courtyard" by the masses, and its owner is unknown. The characteristic of this compound is not only the mutual connection between the courtyard and the house, but also the connection between the houses. There are seven gates leading to the street, but usually only one or two are opened as needed. According to reports, most of the city gates were set up in the old society to guard against war disasters and bandits, which shows the master's intelligence.

4 cultural relics

The West Castle not only has well-preserved ancient streets and courtyards, but also has unique historical and cultural remains. In the long historical years, the castle has nurtured many folk artists and cultural celebrities in Wenquan Town, and cultivated many people with lofty ideals and sages and celebrities. It is said that the Zhang family once went out to pay tribute to horses in Gongjun County. In the War of Liberation and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, six young people, including Jia Pinshan, died for their country. During the Republic of China, Su Yu 1953, who was quite famous in Yuxian literary world, wrote an elegiac couplet for Stalin and was awarded by the Soviet government. At the same time, Zhangjiakou, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and other places are also active in a large number of lantern artists, clay sculpture and stone carving artists.

The natural environment where the fort is located is beautiful and pleasant. Outside the walls of Dongbao and Nanbao, there are green vegetable gardens. The river is clear and tree-lined. In the distance, the Huliuhe Reservoir is rippling with blue waves, the majestic Hengshan Mountain is towering and tall, and the green vegetation is lush. It echoes the "flowing water passing through the pavilion and octagonal well" in the northeast hot spring town. Especially after the maintenance, supplement and repair in recent years, the antique of this castle has attracted a large number of film and television artists, and many film and television dramas, such as the folk drama Saint, Left and New Shaolin Temple and Running Water Don't Feel Old, have been filmed here. In particular, China's famous movie star Jiang Wen's film masterpiece "The Devil Comes" takes this village fort as the main scene, and invests in the construction and transformation of many scenic spots, which still exist today.

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