How is Garibaldi’s strategic thinking reflected?

In 1848, an uprising broke out in Sicily, and Garibaldi returned to his motherland to participate in the revolution and organize a volunteer army. In 1849, he participated in the defense of Rome. Due to various reasons, it was finally lost and Garibaldi was forced to retreat to Venice. In the spring of 1854, he returned to Italy. In April 1860, an uprising broke out among the people of Sicily. Garibaldi was invited to organize an "Army of Thousands" expedition to support Sicily, help the rebels, and liberate the entire Sicily. In 1866 he participated in the war to recapture Venice. Participated in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. Garibaldi supported the establishment of the Paris Commune and enthusiastically supported the First International. He not only contributed to the unification of Italy, but also to the national liberation of many countries. Garibaldi's fighting life was always filled with the ideas of guerrilla warfare and flexible strategies and tactics. His strategic thinking can be reflected in both sea battles and land battles.

First, borrow the "east wind". Borrowing the "east wind" means taking action by flexibly taking advantage of favorable conditions such as weather and terrain at the time. In 1843, Olivier attacked Montevideo. Montevideo is located in a dangerous position, built on a promontory that extends into a wide bay. Opposite the city is Mount Chero, which has permanent fortifications. Olivier has attacked many times without success. There is Toby Island under Mount Chero, which has a very important strategic position. Garibaldi was then replacing Coe in charge of the navy. His main task was to destroy the enemy's naval blockade and continuously cross the bay to maintain contact with the Cerro Fortress, especially to cooperate with the continuous breakout operations from the enemy's right side. For this reason, it was crucial to control the strategically located Toby Island. Once, after Garibaldi had just transported a group of soldiers and cannons to Tobi Island, the empty ship returned to Montevideo. Due to the foggy weather, the sea looked hazy. At this time, the dark shadows of several warships appeared on the undulating sea. They were the fleet led by Brown to attack Toby Island. The two sides have gotten very close. At this time, a shout suddenly came from the opposite ship: "Who is on the ship?" If Garibaldi answered, he would definitely be discovered by Brown's troops and a battle would occur. Obviously Garibaldi would not win. Garibaldi remained silent at this time. Taking advantage of the foggy weather and the difficulty of seeing both sides, he whispered an order to be silent and paddle at the slowest speed. Brown also gave the same order to his subordinates: fly in the fog at night and do not shoot casually, lest the sound of gunfire disrupt his sneak attack plan. Just like that, the opponent's warships passed by one after another, without anything happening. Had Brown known that Garibaldi was on board the small, dilapidated boat drifting away, he would have reacted in another way. This time Garibaldi prevailed by outmaneuvering.

Second, make noise in the east and attack in the west to confuse the enemy. This is one of Garibaldi's commonly used military strategies and tactics. In April 1860, a popular uprising broke out in Palermo, the capital of Sicily, and was brutally suppressed by the army of the Kingdom of Sicily. Garibaldi decided to go on an expedition to Sicily to help the rebels, and recruited more than 1,000 volunteers to form the famous "Army of Thousands", and went on an expedition to Sicily in early May. Garibaldi led his troops to fight all the way, marching straight into the city of Palermo. The enemy troops were building trenches around Palermo. They numbered at least 22,000 men, far more than Garibaldi could use to fight them. How to defeat more with less is what Garibaldi has to consider. Starting from the 20th, Garibaldi launched an attack on the enemy's security forces and positions near Monreale and Parco, giving them the illusion that his main attack direction was the southwest of the city. Garibaldi cleverly combined attack and feigned retreat, inducing the enemy generals to send more and more troops from the city to the southwestern suburbs. By the 24th, about 10,000 enemy troops had arrived outside the city. This is exactly what Garibaldi was trying to achieve. He fought and retreated at the same time, using this strategy to reduce the enemy's army to almost half. Suddenly, he changed direction and unexpectedly transferred the main force to the Mijier Miri Valley on the coast near Palermo. In the early morning of the 27th, all residents of Palermo took up arms. With their cooperation, Garibaldi stormed Port Termini in the southeast of Palermo and liberated Palermo in one fell swoop. Shortly after the liberation of all Sicily, Garibaldi led his troops across the Strait of Messina and marched directly to Naples, the capital of the Kingdom of Sicily, thereby liberating the entire southern Italy from the rule of the Bourbon royal family. Garibaldi's expedition to Sicily led by the "thousand-man army" was the most heroic page in the history of his expedition and a decisive stage in the struggle to unify the country using revolutionary means. He defeated a well-equipped superior enemy with an inferior force with poor weapons. Engels called this march "one of the most amazing achievements of this century" and said that Garibaldi was not only a brave leader and an excellent strategist, And he is also a resourceful commander.