When was the first meteorological satellite launched?

-1960 launches the first meteorological satellite 1 April 19601day, and the United States launched the world's first experimental meteorological satellite "Tyrus"1. Since then, satellite meteorology was born. More than 30 years later, more than 100 meteorological satellites have been launched around the world, forming a global meteorological satellite network, eliminating more than four-fifths of the blank areas of meteorological observation in the world, so that people can really see the weather from the clouds.

"The weather is unpredictable" is a worry about the accuracy of weather forecast in the past. Since the weather satellite went into space, "weather forecast" has fallen from the sky. People can know the "weather" from the weather forecast broadcast by TV stations, and they don't have to take rain gear with them when they go out.

Meteorological satellites have not appeared for a long time now. In essence, it is an automatic advanced weather station hanging high in space, which is the product of the combination of aerospace, remote sensing, computer, communication and control.

After World War II, the United States acquired some German military rockets. These rockets are used for high-altitude observation and take back high-definition photos of the earth and its cloud distribution. The study of these photos leads to the concept of observing the cloud distribution on the earth from space by using meteorological satellites.

1 April 19601day, the United States launched the world's first meteorological satellite-"Tyrus"1.

This "Tyros" satellite is equipped with a TV camera, a remote control tape recorder and a photo data transmission device. It circled the earth 1 135 times in a nearly circular orbit with a height of 700 kilometers, and * * * took 22,952 cloud pictures and topographic maps, with a useful rate of 60%. At that time, its technical performance was the best.

In the following 30 years, more than 100 meteorological satellites were launched all over the world, forming a global meteorological satellite network, eliminating more than four-fifths of the blank areas of meteorological observation in the world, enabling people to understand the continuous and global atmospheric movement laws and make accurate meteorological forecasts, greatly reducing catastrophic losses and becoming the "savior" to save human lives.

1In August, 968, meteorologists saw the cloud structure of the destructive typhoon over the Caribbean from the cloud image sent to the ground by ISA satellite. With the passage of time, the structure of typhoon is getting bigger and bigger, which indicates that a rare strong typhoon is coming. The meteorological department immediately issued an alarm to local residents, asking them to move north quickly. Thus avoiding a tragedy that may have caused more than 5,000 deaths. Once again, hurricanes named "Kara" and "Camille" were accurately detected by the International Meteorological Organization and predicted in time, so that 300,000 people were evacuated and 50,000 people were saved from death.

Meteorological satellites have great social and economic benefits, and many countries are competing to develop them. Now, a global meteorological satellite observation network composed of many countries has been formed. It includes polar orbiting meteorological satellites of Russia and the United States and geostationary meteorological satellites of the European Union, Japan, India and Russia.

In the early days of liberation, China's weather forecast was still a state secret and only provided services for the army. At that time, people mostly judged the weather changes through natural phenomena, weather proverbs and experiences. Meteorological equipment is also some simple louver boxes, ground temperature meters, rainfall cones, etc.

However, the party and the state have always attached great importance to the development of China's meteorological satellite industry. As early as 1969, Premier Zhou Enlai proposed to develop our own meteorological satellite. After years of efforts, China's first and second polar-orbiting meteorological satellites Fengyun 1 A and B were successfully launched in 1988 and 1990 respectively. 1At 8 o'clock on June, 1997, China successfully launched the first stationary meteorological satellite Fengyun-2, and obtained three images of visible light, infrared light and water vapor. In particular, infrared and water vapor images have reached a higher level in observation dynamic range, image level, clarity and other aspects, and have a broader field of vision. They can cover about 654.38 billion square kilometers of the earth's surface centered on China, and can observe and provide meteorological dynamics such as cloud pictures, temperature, water vapor and wind fields in China and neighboring countries, and play an important role in accurate long-term weather forecasting and disaster forecasting. The success of Fengyun-2 indicates that China meteorological satellite technology is catching up with the advanced world level.

Since China has meteorological satellites, there has never been a typhoon, thus reducing the huge economic losses and casualties caused by typhoons. According to statistics, China's annual benefits from satellite disaster prevention and mitigation are at least 4 billion yuan. Moreover, meteorological satellites have also played a great role in many aspects of the national economy, such as forest fire monitoring, flood range, ice and snow coverage, ocean surface temperature, fishing ground positioning, estuary sediment deposition and so on. Nowadays, weather forecast has actually entered people's lives. People seem to be used to using weather forecast to arrange their life, daily life, travel, travel, fitness and so on.