The climate of New Guinea.

The climate of New Guinea is basically tropical. The average annual maximum temperature in lowlands is 30 ~ 32℃ (86 ~ 90 ℉), and the daytime temperature in plateau is generally above 22℃(72℉) all the year round. The southeast trade winds blow for about 7 months every year, and the annual rainfall on the south slope of the central plateau often exceeds 7620 mm (300 inches). Therefore, the Frye-Dugur shelf and its adjacent plateau have become one of the wettest areas in the world and one of the most sparsely populated areas. The annual rainfall in the central plateau ranges from 2540 to 4065 mm (100 to 160 inch). The annual rainfall in port moresby on the southeast coast is only about 1, 0 16 mm (40 inches).

New Guinea is located between the equator and south latitude 12, with a rainy climate at the equator. The temperature in the lowlands is very high all year round, and the annual change range is very small. For example, in Laicheng in the northeast, the average temperature is 27.5℃ in February and 24.8℃ in July, with an annual variation of less than 3℃ (Table 9-7). The temperature decreases with the elevation. For example, in port moresby at an altitude of 30m, 1 the monthly average temperature is 28.4℃, the August average temperature is 25.4℃, and the annual average temperature is 27. 1℃. The highlands are much cooler. At an altitude of 2000 meters, the average temperature is below 20℃ for one month, and at an altitude of 4000 meters, it is below 0℃ for several months. At 4400 meters, the snow line forms.

Most parts of New Guinea are rich in precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of over 2,500mm. In June11-April, the northwest monsoon prevailed all over the island, and the rainfall was extensive, especially in the north, with an annual precipitation of over 4000mm, such as 4538 mm in Laicheng and over 6000mm in windward slopes. 65438+ 10 The southeast monsoon prevails from May to June, which is the main rainy season in the south, but the situation is complicated. Due to the differences in geographical conditions, there are many local changes in rainfall and rainy season. For example, the annual precipitation in port moresby is 950mm, and when the southeast monsoon prevails in June-June, the weather is dry, and the monthly precipitation is less than 40mm, which is an obvious dry season, and June-June is a rainy season. When the two monsoons are not dominant in the seasonal transition period, there are several weeks of windless and static weather, the air is full of water vapor, the weather is sultry and there are often showers. The island is still in a hurricane zone, and it was frequently hit by hurricanes from June 6438 to April the following year.

The climate is hot and rainy. However, due to the influence of monsoon, northwest wind prevailed from June to April in 5438, and was controlled by southeast wind from May to August. In coastal low-lying areas, the monthly average temperature does not change much throughout the year, but there is still glacier snow in alpine areas. The annual precipitation is about 1000 ~ 2000 mm in the south coast, 2500 ~ 3000 mm in the north coast and 3000 ~ 4000 mm in the central mountainous area. Affected by high temperature and rain, the soil is easily washed away, with strong leaching and low fertility. Only mountainous basins with thick sedimentary soil and areas with fertile volcanic soil are suitable for agricultural development. With the influence of regional climate differences and height changes, the vertical distribution of vegetation is very obvious: tropical rain forests are the main ones in the coastal low-lying areas below 1000 meters above sea level, with a wide variety of plants, dense forests and evergreen seasons, especially climbing plants. There are ferns, alpine meadows and even cold temperate plants such as lichens in the alpine areas above 3500 meters. Above 4400 meters is a permanent snow belt. Due to the regional differences in climate and plant distribution, there are many kinds of wild animals.