Rugby weather

Rugby originated in England as rugby. Because of its spherical shape, it is called "rugby" in China. Rugby is actually the name of an English town. In this town, there is a public school called Rugby School, which is the birthplace of rugby.

According to legend, the school held a football match in 1823. At that time, the game was very fierce. One of them, a boy of 16 years old, named wilhelm weber Webbellis, actually picked up the ball on the ground in desperation and ran to the opponent's goal. In the future school football match, it often happens to run with the ball. Although this action violated the rules of football at that time, it gave people new enlightenment. This phenomenon of running with the ball adds a confrontational atmosphere of fierce competition to the game, which is accepted by people and becomes a legal behavior after a long time. In this way, a new sport-rugby, which is beneficial to the all-round development of the body and has high exercise value, is gradually derived from football.

Rugby evolved from football. 1823, a football match is being held in a university in rugby, England. The team behind the score stormed the opponent's goal, but it couldn't be captured for a long time.

At this time, team member Ellis was very impulsive. He picked up the football and rushed to the opponent's goal. Other players came forward to stop him, but he avoided them. Finally, Ellis finally threw the ball into the opponent's goal. Of course, the ball was ruled invalid, but this impulsive move led to a new sport-rugby. Because the ball is shaped like an olive, people call this new sport "rugby".

The size of the football field is close to that of the football field, and the players are 1 1 from both sides. You can kick and hug in the game, which is inevitable to be rough and fierce, so all the players on the field wear helmets or protective gear. However, after careful textual research, later historians found that the story was completely untrue, but the legend was very powerful and had been deeply rooted in people's hearts. Today, there is a stone tablet in Rugby School, which reads: "This stone tablet comments on the exploitation of wilhelm weber Liss." "This monument is to commemorate Ellis' brave behavior." Even the highest honor of rugby football, the Rugby World Cup trophy, is named after Webb Ellis, called the Webb Ellis Cup.

After 1839, the sport gradually developed in Cambridge and other universities, and rugby clubs were established one after another. Rugby Association was formally established on 187 1. People often play football. Since then, rugby has been introduced to Europe and America. 1890 established the international rugby organization, 1906 held an international rugby match in France. Since then, rugby has developed in many countries and has not changed. Many countries have created rugby suitable for their own countries, among which American rugby is the most famous. Today, rugby is popular in as many as 94 countries in the world. The highest international organization is the International Rugby Council, which consists of four domestic associations in England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales and three foreign associations in New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. Its main task is to formulate the rules of rugby competition and the development policy of rugby.

The National Football League (NFL) is the largest professional football league in the world. The league consists of 32 teams from different regions and cities in the United States. The league was first established in the name of American Professional Rugby Association in 1920, and later renamed as National Rugby League in 1922. NFL is one of the four major professional sports in North America. NFL teams are sometimes called franchises because they are all private investments and operate according to the company model. The NFL is the most famous professional football league in America, so it also has the most fans. Other leagues also tried to compete with the NFL, but none of them won as many support and fans as the NFL. Whether it is jerseys, product sales or ratings, NFL can't compare with other sports leagues. The NFL is the well-deservedNo. 1 in American sports.

rule

There are 1 1 players on both sides of the competition. One side is the attack group, and the other side is defense group. The purpose of the attack group is to push the ball as far as possible to the opponent's position and try to cross the scoring line and enter the opponent's end zone to score. There are two ways to attack, the player runs forward with the ball (rushing the ball) or passes the ball in the air (passing the ball).

Defense group, the opponent, aims to stop the opponent's attack as much as possible and force the opponent to lose the ball. If the attacker scores or loses possession of the ball, the two teams exchange offense and defense, that is, the original attacker is replaced by defense group and the original defender is replaced by the offensive group. In this way, the two sides took turns to attack and defend until the end of the fourth quarter.

space

Site length 100 yards, width 53 yards. The slender white line on the playing field is called the yard line, which helps players, referees and spectators to understand the process of the attacker pushing the ball forward. The most important place in the venue is probably the end area, which is the area where the score lines on both sides of the venue extend outward by 10 yards respectively. This area is where the score is scored. When the players with the ball push the ball into the opponent's end zone, they score.

time

The competition is divided into four stages, each stage 15 minutes. The first and second quarters are called the first half of the year. The third and fourth quarters are called the second half of the year. There is a 12 minute intermission between the first half and the second half. At the beginning of the second half, the kick-off meeting will be the same as at the beginning of the game.

The first quarter of the first half is over, and the third quarter of the second half is over. Each player has a two-minute break, and the players of both sides exchange venues. The original owner of the ball will continue to attack after changing venues. After each attack, the attacker must restart the next attack within 40 seconds, or he will be punished. The game clock is suspended in the following situations: the passing fails, the player takes the ball out of bounds, and the referee punishes it. When the referee put the ball back to the kick-off point for both sides to start attacking, the game clock began to tick. If the two sides draw at the end of the fourth quarter, there will be 15 minutes of overtime, and the outcome will be decided by sudden death, that is, the first scorer wins. At the beginning of overtime, both sides toss a coin to guess first, and the right one will attack first.

Player position

Each side has three groups to perform different tasks: the team gets the ball and the offensive group goes on stage; When the opponent gains the right to attack, the defense team comes out; Special groups only play in a few special circumstances (kick-off, penalty kick, kick-off). Both sides can only have 1 1 players on the court at any time.

Game kick-off

The game started with a kick-off. The kick-off process is that the defender kicks the ball on his tee on the 30-yard line and then kicks it to the attacker. After the kick-off backhand catch, the attacker will try his best to push forward until it is intercepted by the defender. Then the attacker attacks from where the ball is intercepted.

If the backhand catches the opponent's kick-off in his own end zone, he has two choices. Either take the ball out of the end zone and impact the opponent's field until it is intercepted; Either touch the ground with your knees after holding the ball, that is, stop the ball, and then put the ball on the attacker's 20-yard line, and the attacker begins to attack.

The first attack

The progress of the game is measured by yards. The attacker pushes as many yards as possible and approaches the opponent's end zone. When the attacker starts to attack, he has four chances to attack and must advance at least 10 yards. If the attacker successfully advances at least 10 yards, it is said that the first attack has been reached. Then the attacker gets another round of four attacks. If the attacker does not advance 10 yards in a round of attack, he loses the right to attack. Therefore, the defender should not only prevent the attacker from scoring, but also prevent the attacker from advancing more than 10 yards in a round of attack. When the attacker seizes the fourth attack opportunity, he usually throws the ball away, that is, kicks it to the opponent's court, so that the opponent has to push a few more yards to score.

Attack-run or pass the ball

Every attack begins with a kick-off. On the kick-off line, after the quarterback shouted the password of attack tactics, the center in front of him passed the ball to the quarterback or passed it from his crotch to the quarterback, and then the quarterback decided whether to pass or move.

Run with the ball

There are two ways for attackers to attack. The first way is to hold the ball and rush to the opponent. This usually happens after the quarterback gives the ball to the running guard, who tries to distract the opponent's defense and rush forward as many yards as possible. The quarterback can also run the ball by himself.

pass the ball

Another way to attack is to pass the ball. Usually the quarterback passes the ball, but sometimes other players pass the ball to confuse their opponents. In fact, any player on the attacking side can pass the ball as long as it comes from behind the kick-off line. When the ball is caught by another attacker, it is called passing successfully. The catcher is usually a catcher or tightener. If the ball touches the ground before anyone catches it, it is a passing mistake.

intercept

The defender threw the dribbler to the ground and stopped the opponent's progress. When the attacking player lands on one knee or both knees, it is called interception, and the attacking opportunity is over. When the attacking player rushed out of bounds, it also ended an offensive opportunity.

score

The purpose of the game is to get more points. There are four ways to score:

Touchdown score =6 points

Touchdown is the way to score the most points at a time in the game. The team that scores the touchdown will get an extra chance to score. To score a touchdown, the ball must cross the scoring line in the end line area, catch the pass in the end line area and catch the lost ball in the end line area.

Additional points and binary conversion = 1 point or 2 points.

After the touchdown, the scorer puts the ball on the opponent's 2-yard line and has two choices. Usually kick an extra point, also known as a touchdown, Pat. If the touchdown team successfully kicks the ball into the goal, it gets 1 point. The attacker can also score 2 points by running again or rushing to the ground. Because 2 points is much more difficult than 1 minute, the touchdown side usually chooses to kick 1 minute.

Punishment =3 points

If the attacker fails to score a touchdown, he can try a free throw. You can score 3 points on penalty kick. Usually at the last moment of the game, a penalty decides the outcome of the game. The attacker can kick a penalty at any time and any place. However, it is usually in the fourth attack opportunity that the ball is pushed into the 45-yard line of the defender before choosing the penalty kick. The kicker must kick the ball between the poles of the goal and above the crossbar to score. Defenders should try their best to block opponents' free throws.

Safety =2 points

Two points for safety. The attacker holds the ball and is intercepted by the defender in the attacker's end zone. The defender scores 2 points.

Right to throw the ball

In the process of attacking the defender, there will be two situations to lose the ball.

Throw the ball.

A player who carelessly holds or passes the ball loses the ball. Any player on both sides of the court can grab the ball or bring it to the other side's end zone. If the party who grabs the target is the original attacker, continue to attack; If it is the defensive side, the two sides switch between attack and defense.

intercept

The defender can gain the right to attack by intercepting the air pass of the attacker in the air. Regardless of whether the ball is lost or intercepted, the player who grabs the ball can immediately rush to the opponent's end line area and try to score a touchdown.

Both sides of the game

Attacking party

The player who owns the ball is the attacker. Although the quarterback, catcher, press and running guard can all attack with the ball, the quarterback is the real offensive commander and key figure. In fact, the quarterback must have many talents, not only passing the ball, but actually directing every attack.

offensive player

The quarterback passes the ball or passes it to the running guard.

The center began to pass the ball to the quarterback, blocking the impact of the opposing defender.

Two defenders and two interceptors blocked the opposing defender.

Two or four receivers catch the quarterback's pass.

1 charge 2 running guards with the ball.

1 2 tightening can stop the impact of the opposing defender and also receive the pass from the quarterback.

Defensive zone

The defender's task is to stop the opponent from advancing. On the court, 1 1 the defender cooperated to prevent the attacker from pushing the ball into his own end line area to score.

Defensive player

The linesman defends the ball attack and moves forward to prevent the attacker from running the ball or catching the quarterback.

Defensive forwards (end forwards and interceptors) point to Maimang with the offensive front line and control the kick-off line.

Corner guards and central defenders defend the quarterback from passing the ball to the receiver and help intercept the running ball.

Motion characteristics

Rugby is a fierce ornamental ball game, with two teams playing against each other. In the football match, through the mutual cooperation of individual skills, the purpose of attack and defense can be achieved. His characteristic is that he has the largest number of participants, which is incomparable to all ball games. There are 30 people running on the field in a game, and the scene is spectacular; Secondly, the venue is the largest, the technology is complex and the tactics are diverse. In the competition, athletes are not only required to have strong physique, tall figure, fast running ability and brave and tenacious will, but also required to complete complex physical contact technical movements and tactical cooperation when blocked by opponents. It requires athletes to have the flexibility and jumping ability of basketball players, the skill of football players in playing football, and the quick and agile speed of track and field sprinters. It is a comprehensive sports event integrating basketball, football and track and field, which is very interesting and ornamental.

Regular participation in rugby can effectively develop physical fitness, enhance physical fitness and improve the functions of various organs and systems of the human body. Long-term participation in rugby can not only cultivate the fine quality and collectivism spirit of courage and tenacity, decisive mechanism, perseverance, courage to overcome difficulties, unity and cooperation, but also cultivate noble personality and gentlemanly demeanor.

Brief introduction of major international rugby matches

World Cup: once every four years.

Olympic Games: once every four years. Rugby was an official event in the first four Olympic Games in the 20th century. 1924, the United States won the last rugby gold medal. It has been interrupted for 84 years.

World Cup Rugby Sevens Championship: Once every four years, it is the highest-level Rugby Sevens Championship in the world. The first session was held in Edinburgh, Scotland from April 1993 to June 18.

Six Nations: The annual competition between France and Britain, and later Italy, is the highest level competition in Europe.

Triathlon: The highest level event in the southern hemisphere, with Australia, New Zealand and South Africa participating.

Wimbledon Cup: The annual competition between Australia and New Zealand is the most important competition in the southern hemisphere.

Asian Rugby Championship: held every two years, it is a great event in Asian rugby.

Hong Kong International Rugby Sevens Invitational Tournament: Sponsored by the Hong Kong Rugby Association, it is the most prestigious rugby sevens invitational tournament in the world.

Rugby equipment

American football is an extremely fierce game. Blocking, interception and collision are all indispensable parts of the game, and it can also be said that it is a major feature of American football. In order to protect the safety of players and avoid delaying the game due to injury, both NFL and NCAA require all players to "wear proper and legal protective gear" before the game.

/kloc-when playing American football 0/900 years ago, players usually put a piece of cloth on their shoulders or in front of their thighs as a cushion according to their personal needs, and all kinds of strange equipment were available. With the evolution of competition rules, the protective gear used in different age groups is also different.

Basically, every athlete must wear a set of protective equipment from head to toe:

1. helmet

It consists of a shell, a mask and a chin strap to reduce the possibility of facial injuries, especially the bridge of the nose and mouth.

2. Shoulder pads

Avoid dislocation of shoulder due to collision, and protect chest and ribs. Staff must choose appropriate shoulder pads and chest pads according to their roles and responsibilities.

Step 3: elbow pads

Especially in artificial grass, because the ground is hard, players must be equipped with elbow pads to avoid elbow contusion.

4. gloves

Some players are used to catching the ball with gloves or keeping warm in cold weather. The catcher's gloves usually have a layer of sticky rubber material in the palm of his hand, while the defensive striker's gloves have a thick pad outside each finger to protect them.

5. Hip pad

Protect the waist, buttocks and groin of the players, and resist pushing and pulling, collision, interception and falling in the air.

6. thigh pad

Protect thigh muscles from being trampled or other injuries.

7. Knee pads

Like elbow pads, they are especially needed in artificial grass and are mostly made of thick and elastic sponges.

8. shoes

Players need to wear different sneakers to adapt to the changes in the venue. According to the site conditions, different types of hard plastic spikes can be installed at the bottom of sports shoes.

9. uniforms

It consists of jerseys and trousers, usually made of nylon and elastic materials, and has enough elasticity. Each player's coat must be embroidered with a number, the number on the chest must be at least 8 inches (more than 20.3 cm), and the number on the back must be 10 inch (more than 25.4 cm) to meet the requirements. The color of the jersey must not be the same as the color of the ball (brown or brown).

10. Football

American football is slightly smaller than soccer, with a length of 1 11.5 inches, an elliptical major axis of 28 to 28.5 inches, and a minor axis of 2 1.25 to 2 1.5 inches, and a weight of/kloc.

In addition, the kicker needs a tee stand when kicking off, mostly a small tripod made of plastic. The referee must each carry a yellow handkerchief as a "penalty mark or flag", and when a foul occurs, throw the handkerchief at the place where the foul occurs.

Responder: bell 7-level 3 20 10-2-9 22:32.

The rules of football are more complicated. But that doesn't mean you have to read the obscure rulebook to watch football. In fact, it only takes you five minutes to understand the football game. Of course, if you want to know more about it, it is another matter. American football is a fierce game. Attack after attack, with a slight pause between each attack. The attacking team decided what strategy to take next. Some athletes are tall and strong, while others are short and flexible. Football often needs strength, but it also needs wisdom, agility and skill. Professional competition may be complicated, but the basic rules are not difficult to understand. Each team consists of 1 1 people. The man who controls the ball is called an attacker. They try to score by passing the ball or taking it to the extreme array at the end of the opponent's position. The other team is called the defender. They try to stop the attacker's attack and seize the ball. If one side scores or loses possession of the ball, the offensive and defensive switch (the offensive side becomes the defensive side and the defensive side becomes the offensive side). This process is repeated until all four parts of the game are over. The team with the highest score wins. Like any other popular sport, football is full of energy, passion, subtlety and elegance. At the same time, it is as intellectually challenging as chess. Most importantly, rugby is an interesting sport, which is both beautiful and fun. The more you know, the more interesting it will be.

[Competition time]

The American football game is divided into four quarters with 15 minutes, with halftime 12 minutes, 1 and a 2-minute break after the third quarter. After each music festival, the two teams will exchange venues. 1 kick-off at the beginning of the first quarter and the second half. The attacker must grab the ball within 40 seconds after each game to start the next attack, or he will be punished. When an athlete goes out of bounds or makes a free throw, the watch should stop timing, and the referee will reset the time when the ball is placed at the free throw point. In the case of a draw in four quarters, it is necessary to play 15 minutes overtime to decide the attacker with coins. The NFL adopts sudden death, and the team that scores first wins. In NFL Europe, each team must have at least one attack opportunity in overtime. If neither team scores, the sudden death method will be adopted.

[Team member]

Each team consists of three types of players: the attack group, which is responsible for the attack; Joint defense group, responsible for joint defense; Special group, responsible for special situations-kicking, shooting and tee-off. In any case, one side can only have 1 1 players on the court. The costumes of American football players are as colorful as the venues.

[start]

The game started with a kick-off. The ball was placed on the tee of the defending side's 30-yard line and kicked to the attacking side by a special positioning kicker. A member of the attacking team charged forward after receiving the ball, and the intercepted position was the position where the attacking team began to attack. If the ball hits the attacker's polar array, the receiver has two choices, either running back with the ball or kneeling on one knee in the polar array, making a gesture of "touching back" and then attacking from the attacker's 20-yard line.

[First attack]

In American football, the offensive performance is reflected in the number of yards advanced, and the attacker tries to advance as many yards as possible to get close to the opponent's polar array every time. In the game, the attacker always has four attack opportunities (on the court, or off). Whenever the dribbler touches the ground or runs out of the border, even if it is off once, it is also the beginning of the next attack opportunity, so in the game, what he hears is the first attack opportunity, the second attack opportunity, the third attack opportunity and the fourth attack opportunity respectively. One of the most important rules in American football is that the attacker must advance more than ten yards from the position of the first attack in four attacks, otherwise he will be attacked by the other side. However, if the total number of forward codes exceeds ten yards in any attack opportunity, the first gear can be regained, that is, a new round (four times) attack opportunity. Therefore, it is very important to get the first gear. If you want to keep your attack going, you must keep getting the first gear and new attack opportunities. The defender should not only prevent the attacker from scoring, but also prevent the attacker from reaching the 10 yard needed to win the first gear. In the fourth attack, the attacker often kicks the ball far with a gondola, and the defender starts to attack from the place where he receives the ball.

[Passing and Running]

Every attack begins with the kick-off of the attacker's crotch. On the match line, the quarterback shouted the code name of the attack routine, and the center passed the ball to him from his crotch. At the beginning of the game, the quarterback can run with the ball (such an attack is called running array), long pass or short pass (such an attack is called passing). Attackers have two main ways to move forward. One is running array, where the quarterback passes the ball to the running front, or runs with the ball himself, bypassing the defenders and pushing forward as much as possible. Another way to move forward is to pass the ball. Generally speaking, the quarterback is responsible for passing the ball, but there are also cases where other players cheat the defenders by passing the ball. In fact, any attacking player can pass the ball (as long as it is behind the opponent's line). When another attacking player, usually a receiver or full-back, receives the ball, the pass is considered successful. If the ball hits the ground before anyone catches it, it is considered an incomplete pass.

[tackle]

In football match, the most common way to stop the attack is to catch the ball-push the player with the ball to the ground. The attack is over when the player with the ball is tackled or forced out of the sideline.

[score]

The ultimate goal of football match is to score points. * * * There are four scoring methods. Touchdown is the most important way to score 6 points, and you can win one more point. In order to score a touchdown, it is necessary to control one side of the ball to make it touch the other side's polar array. It is common for the attacker to rush into the defensive polar array with the ball or for the ball passed to the defensive polar array to be caught by the attacker. There are also cases where the attacker makes an offensive mistake, the defender counterattacks and enters his own polar array, or the kick-off is forced into his own polar array by the attacker.

[conversion of plus points and two points]

When a team scores a touchdown, it can also get an extra penalty, that is, shooting from the penalty spot. If the ball hits the area between the two goalposts and above the crossbeam, you can get another 1 minute. In addition to extra kicking, you can also choose another scoring method, which is binary conversion. In other words, play in overtime, move forward in a normal offensive way, and score two points in the opposing pole array. Because this way is more difficult, the average team chooses to play extra points.

[goal]

Touchdown is of course the best.

If you really can't break into the opponent's polar array, you can also score points by shooting. Shooting can score 3 points, which often appears when the fate of the game is decided. You can shoot anywhere, usually within 45 yards of the defender, when attacking in the fourth gear.

[safety score]

If the attacking player with the ball is caught and killed in his own polar array, the other side can score 2 points, which is called safety score. This phenomenon is rare.

[Turn it over]

Sometimes, the attacker will be grabbed by the defender in the attack, and the defender will immediately turn to attack. There are two other situations where this kind of counterattack will occur. One is that the attacker gropes in the process of passing and running with the ball. The other is that the pass of the attacker is intercepted by the defender. In both cases, the defender can touch the ball directly.