What is the specific relationship between solar activity and climate change on earth?

The most direct influence of solar activity on the earth's climate is achieved through solar radiation. Solar activity and the relationship between the sun and the earth cause changes in solar radiation. The energy radiated by long and short waves affects the temperature and energy of the ground and the atmosphere, thus affecting the atmospheric movement and causing changes in weather and climate.

For example, the greenhouse effect, after the solar radiation reaches the ground, the long-wave radiation emitted by the ground and the atmosphere is reflected and absorbed by a large number of greenhouse gases, which can not leave the atmosphere, resulting in the atmospheric energy going home and the temperature rising.