US Embassy Beijing Weather

PM2.5 refers to particles with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in the atmosphere, also known as particles that can enter the lungs. Although PM2.5 is only a small part of the earth's atmospheric composition, it has an important impact on air quality and visibility. PM2.5 is small in particle size, rich in a large number of toxic and harmful substances, and has a long stay in the atmosphere and a long transportation distance. Therefore, it has a great impact on human health and atmospheric environmental quality. 20 12 In February, the State Council agreed to release the newly revised Ambient Air Quality Standard, adding the monitoring index of PM2.5 to 20 12. On September 9th, the monitoring center of Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau indicated that the new air quality release platform was 20 12+0.

Concept: PM, called particulate matter in English. Scientists use PM2.5 to represent the content of this particle in every cubic meter of air. The higher this value, the more serious the air pollution. Inhalable particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter in daily or weekly reports of urban air quality are two common air pollutants. Inhalable particulate matter, also known as PM 10, refers to a diameter greater than 2.5 microns and equal to or less than 65438+. The total suspended particulate matter is also called PM 100, that is, particles with a diameter less than or equal to 100 micron.

Source: The main source of PM2.5 is the residue discharged from combustion during daily power generation, industrial production and automobile exhaust emission, most of which contain toxic substances such as heavy metals. Generally speaking, coarse particles with a particle size of 2.5 microns to 10 microns mainly come from road dust and so on. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) below 2.5 microns mainly comes from the combustion of fossil fuels (such as automobile exhaust and coal burning) and volatile organic compounds.

Health damage: Meteorologists and medical experts believe that smog weather caused by fine particles is even more harmful to human health than sandstorms. Particles with a particle size larger than 10 micron will be blocked outside the human nose; Particles with a particle size of 2.5 microns to 10 microns can enter the upper respiratory tract, but some of them can be excreted through sputum and blocked by villi inside the nasal cavity, which is relatively harmless to human health; However, fine particles with a particle size less than 2.5 microns, whose diameter is equivalent to110 of human hair, are not easily blocked. When inhaled into the human body, it will directly enter the bronchus, interfere with the gas exchange in the lungs, and cause diseases including asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular diseases.

Each person inhales about 654.38+00000 liters of air every day, and the dust entering the alveoli can be absorbed quickly, directly entering the blood circulation and distributed throughout the body, without detoxification of the liver. Secondly, it will damage the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen and make blood lose. It may have serious consequences for patients with anemia and blood circulation disorder. For example, it may aggravate respiratory diseases and even cause heart diseases such as congestive heart failure and coronary artery. In short, these particles can also enter the blood through bronchi and alveoli, and harmful gases and heavy metals are dissolved in the blood, which is more harmful to human health. The physiological structure of human body determines that it has no ability to filter and block PM2.5.

Wei Ye, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and former chief engineer of China National Environmental Monitoring Center, also studied that the higher the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM 10, the higher the incidence of respiratory diseases of children and their parents, especially the role of PM2.5.

Prevention and control measures: since the main source of pm2.5 is the emission of motor vehicle exhaust, it is easy for individuals to find a solution. It is mainly effective to wear a real anti-pm2.5 mask, especially on the way to and from work, subway stations and crowded places. The pm2.5 mask can prevent dust and pm2.5, and the fabric of the mask is made of Conlon fiber, which can kill "super bacteria" that even antibiotics can't kill. When people are constantly breathing, pm2.5 particles are mixed with a large number of pathogenic bacteria, which will directly endanger human health. Using masks is undoubtedly an effective solution to the problem of dust prevention and disease prevention. (Tip (Don't forget Puweixin imported by Tmall from the United States when traveling)

Try to reduce smoking or even not to smoke. There is a large amount of pm2.5 in smoke, which will cause direct and indirect harm to human body. If people around you can't quit smoking, you should try to stay away from the smoke. You can't do morning exercises in foggy days. PM2.5 is one of the important culprits that cause haze weather, so don't go out for morning exercise when you get up in the morning. If you must do morning exercises, it is recommended to bring a mask that can really prevent pm2.5 for jogging and jogging.

Governance plan: air pollution and climate change need to be dealt with in a unified way, not separately. Because air pollution and climate change are largely caused by emissions from fossil fuel combustion, actions to reduce and control air pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to protect the climate should be consistent. Some studies have pointed out that the increase of atmospheric aerosols reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground, which is contrary to the warming effect of greenhouse gases. 50% of the surface warming caused by greenhouse gases may be offset by the cooling effect of aerosols. Once the aerosol is removed, the warming caused by greenhouse gases will be more obvious, which will further increase the pressure of CO2 emission reduction. Therefore, air quality and climate change cannot be solved in isolation, but are closely related.

What should we do in the face of pm2.5? 1: inhalable particles with a diameter below 2.5 microns in the air.

(2 points) Question 2: (1)PM2.5 carries chemicals and viruses into various blood vessels of human body, which will cause harm to human organs (2 points). Question 3: No, (1 min) "partial" plays a limiting role, which accurately shows that PMl0 is not completely excreted.

(2 points) Question 4: If it is reasonable, you can give points (2 points each, ***4 points). Example: (1) Try to walk or take the bus when going out; (2) Use clean energy to reduce the emission of alkali-containing waste gas.

Wait a minute.

Question 1: test analysis: read the first paragraph carefully, and grasp the keywords such as "when suspended particles in the air", "diameter" and "below 2.5 microns" to summarize.

Question 2: Test analysis: Read the last three paragraphs, grasp the key sentences, and summarize from two aspects: the harm to human body and the impact on the weather.

Question 3: Test analysis: Compare and analyze whether the word has semantic changes, so as to explain the function of the word. Judging from the accuracy of interpretation language, evaluation language should be used to "accurately explain".

Question 4: Analysis of test questions: According to the contents in this paper, understand the causes of "smog" and imagine the measures to solve the problem from the aspect of eliminating the sources of "suspended particles".

Ask for an environmental English composition about PM2.5. Recently, environmental protection has become the focus. With the rapid development of economy, our environment is becoming more and more severe. Nowadays, PM2.5 and other problems have become problems that we have to face. As we all know, once the balance of nature is broken, it will lead to unpredictable results. There are many factors that cause this situation. First of all, businessmen only pay attention to profits. So we should protect the environment and coordinate economic development. Secondly, there are more and more cars in China. We all know that waste gas will seriously pollute the air. So we should advise people to go to work by bike or bus. Third, wasting water and cutting down trees excessively are becoming more and more common. I think we should assume knowledge of environmental protection. We should spare no effort to protect our environment. Only in this way can we solve the pollution problem. I believe that nothing is difficult in the world, if you put your mind to it.

The words about air protection PM2,5.120 in the college entrance examination English composition require that pm2.5 be mentioned. Write ... Recently, the problem of protecting the environment has become the focus. With the rapid development of economy, our environment is becoming more and more severe. Nowadays, PM2.5 and other problems have become problems that we have to face. As we all know, once the balance of nature is broken, it will lead to unpredictable results. There are many factors that cause this situation. First of all, businessmen only pay attention to profits. So we should protect the environment and coordinate economic development. Secondly, there are more and more cars in China. We all know that waste gas will seriously pollute the air. So we should advise people to go to work by bike or bus. Third, wasting water and cutting down trees excessively are becoming more and more common. I think we should assume knowledge of environmental protection. We should spare no effort to protect our environment. Only in this way can we solve the pollution problem. I believe that nothing is difficult in the world, if you put your mind to it.

All information about pm2.5 is called particulate matter in English.

Scientists use PM2.5 to represent the content of this particle in every cubic meter of air. The higher this value, the more serious the air pollution.

Inhalable particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter in daily or weekly reports of urban air quality are two common air pollutants.

Inhalable particulate matter, also known as PM 10, refers to particulate matter with a diameter greater than 2.5 microns and equal to or less than 10 microns, which can enter the human respiratory system; The total suspended particulate matter is also called PM 100, that is, particles with a diameter less than or equal to 100 micron.

The main source of PM2.5 is the residue discharged from combustion during daily power generation, industrial production and automobile exhaust emission, most of which contain toxic substances such as heavy metals.

Generally speaking, coarse particles with a particle size of 2.5 microns to 10 microns mainly come from road dust; Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) below 2.5 microns mainly comes from the combustion of fossil fuels (such as automobile exhaust and coal burning) and volatile organic compounds.

Meteorologists and medical experts believe that smog weather caused by fine particles is even more harmful to human health than sandstorms.

Particles with a particle size larger than 10 micron will be blocked outside the human nose; Particles with a particle size of 2.5 microns to 10 microns can enter the upper respiratory tract, but some of them can be excreted through sputum and blocked by villi inside the nasal cavity, which is relatively harmless to human health; However, fine particles with a particle size below 2.5 microns have a diameter equivalent to that of human hair110, and are not easy to be stopped.

Inhalation into the human body will directly enter the bronchus, interfere with the gas exchange in the lungs, and cause diseases including asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular diseases.

Each person inhales about 654.38+00000 liters of air every day, and the dust entering the alveoli can be absorbed quickly, directly entering the blood circulation and distributed throughout the body, without detoxification of the liver. Secondly, it will damage the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen and make blood lose.

It may have serious consequences for patients with anemia and blood circulation disorders.

For example, it will aggravate respiratory diseases and even cause heart diseases such as congestive heart failure and coronary artery.

In short, these particles can also enter the blood through bronchi and alveoli, and harmful gases and heavy metals are dissolved in the blood, which is more harmful to human health.

The physiological structure of human body determines that it has no ability to filter and block PM2.5, but the harm of PM2.5 to human health has gradually exposed its horrible side with the progress of medical technology.

In EU countries, PM2.5 has reduced people's average life expectancy by 8.6 months.

PM2.5 can also be a carrier of viruses and bacteria, which contributes to the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.

At present, the major developed countries in the world and Japan, Thailand and India in Asia have listed PM2.5 in the air quality standard.

The most tragic thing is that PM2.5 has not been included in China's ambient air quality index, so it has become the root cause of the direct conflict between the data of the US Embassy and the official data of * * *.

The World Health Organization also pointed out in the 2005 edition of the Air Quality Guide that when the average annual concentration of PM2.5 reaches 35 μ g/m3, compared with the situation of 10 μ g/m3, the risk of human death will increase by about 15%.

According to the report of the United Nations Environment Programme, if the concentration of PM2.5 per cubic meter increases by 20 mg, about 340,000 people will die in China and India every year.

In this section, the standard of editing monitoring standard PM2.5 was put forward by the United States in 1997, mainly to monitor the fine particles that appeared with the increasingly developed industrialization and were ignored in the old standard and were harmful to human health.

The PM2.5 index has become an important indicator to measure and control the degree of air pollution.

By the end of 20 10, except that some countries in the United States and the European Union have included PM2.5 in the national standard and imposed mandatory restrictions, most countries in the world have not carried out monitoring of PM2.5, and most countries generally monitor PM 10.

The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that PM2.5 less than 10 is a safe value, while all these areas in China are above 50, close to 80, far higher than the Sahara desert.

[1] Monitoring comparison 2011/February 5, foggy weather occurred in northern China, with visibility less than one kilometer, which led to the closure of highways between several provinces and the delay or cancellation of more than 300 flights to Beijing.

For citizens traveling in foggy days, the US Embassy in China releases the monitoring data of PM2.5 every hour. The data shows that on February 4, 20 1910, the US Embassy in China monitored the PM2.5 concentration in Beijing as 522, the air quality index (AQI) as 500, and the health warning was "exceeding the index ()".

201165438+February 5, the deadline for public comments on the Environmental Air Quality Standard (the second draft for comments).

The opinion draft proposes to increase the average daily concentration limit of PM2.5 and the 8-hour ozone concentration limit in the basic monitoring project, and the new standard is planned to be fully implemented in 20 16.

In the standard exposure draft, the annual and 24-hour average concentration limits of PM2.5 are set at 0.035 mg/m3 and 0.075 mg/m3, respectively, which are the same as the target values of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the transition period 1 stage.

According to the person in charge of the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, there are three major breakthroughs in the ambient air quality standard (draft for comment): First, adjust the division plan of ambient air quality functional zones and merge the three types of zones in the current standard into the second type; The second is to improve pollutant projects and monitoring standards, including increasing the average annual and daily concentration limit of PM2.5 and the 8-hour concentration limit of ozone in basic monitoring projects, and tightening the concentration limit of PM 10 and NO2. The third is to improve the validity requirements of data statistics.

This is the first time that China has formulated national environmental quality standards for PM2.5.

Experts say that PM2.5 is a pollutant that seriously harms human health and has been scientifically confirmed. In recent years, the problem of PM2.5 pollution in China has become increasingly prominent.

Incorporating PM2.5 into the scope of mandatory pollutant monitoring is conducive to eliminating or alleviating the phenomenon that the public's self-perception is not completely consistent with the monitoring and evaluation results.

The annual and 24-hour average concentration limits of PM2.5 are set at 0.035 mg/m3 and 0.075 mg/m3, respectively, which are the same as the WHO target value in the transition period 1 stage, and meet the needs of China's current economic development stage and environmental management.

in addition ...

In the era of PM2.5, how should we "strengthen ourselves and not suck"? PM2.5 is a particle with a diameter less than 2.5 microns.

Generally, particles larger than 10 micron will be blocked out of the respiratory tract by nose hair and will not cause harm to human body.

Particles smaller than 10 will enter the respiratory tract, deposit in the respiratory tract and even cause cor pulmonale.

It is particularly noteworthy that PM2.5 particles can penetrate deep into alveoli, and can not be excreted with coughing, but will enter the cardiovascular system of the human body, which will cause more serious harm over time.

Outdoor, including industrial emissions, exhaust emissions, indoor second-hand smoke and cooking fumes, will all produce pm2.5 Therefore, we should start from our own small environment and improve the air quality around us in order to stay healthy.

At present, the more effective method is to adopt negative ion technology, which can effectively improve the phenomenon of high PM2.5 particles around.

But when choosing a product, you should choose a trustworthy brand. Technically, we should not produce a series of other harmful substances such as positive ions, radiation, static electricity, ozone, etc. Otherwise, the air will not be improved, but it will be more harmful to human body.

Recently, a PM2.5 incident happened. What's your opinion? Interview question, urgent. PM2.5 refers to particles with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in the atmosphere, also known as particles that can enter the lungs (there is no standard Chinese name yet).

Although PM2.5 is only a small part of the composition of the earth's atmosphere, it has an important impact on air quality and visibility.

PM2.5 has a small particle size, is rich in a large number of toxic and harmful substances, stays in the atmosphere for a long time and has a long transportation distance, so it has a great impact on human health and atmospheric environmental quality.

Especially the PM2.5 mask, because the particle size is too small and useless, only the gas mask can effectively protect it.

Looking out of the window, I suddenly found that there was no blue sky and white clouds, and there was a gray scene between heaven and earth. Even the opposite building had only a hazy outline. This kind of weather is becoming more and more frequent, and the smog hangs over our city silently. Haze is a turbid phenomenon formed by a large number of particles such as smoke and dust suspended in fog. According to the remote sensing satellite monitoring of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, China has 65438+1October 29th. Many families own cars, which makes our travel more convenient, but the exhaust emissions of cars pollute the air; Power plants, oil refineries and chemical plants "do their best" in our city, but soot and dust are discharged day and night; Gorgeous fireworks and firecrackers are dazzling, but the air is full of smoke, which becomes very turbid, the air quality drops sharply, and the indexes of PM2.5 and PM 10 rise linearly. These are the main causes of smog, which brings us convenience and pleasure, but also quietly brings us unexpected consequences. In foggy weather, we breathe turbid gas. The smog in the air can cause pneumonia, pharyngolaryngitis, bronchitis, heart failure and other diseases. 1952, the invisible killer in London, England killed 4000 people in just five days, and killed 8000 people in the next two months. This shows that the power of fog should also sound an alarm for us. What we need is fresh air. What matters is a healthy body. Please don't sacrifice your health for the so-called good life. Drive less, travel green, plant more trees, protect forests and control smog. Start with me. Tmall's WeChat reminder: remember to protect yourself when traveling in foggy weather.

Why should individuals monitor PM2.5? What is the significance? First, there are few official environmental monitoring stations in China. At the same time, the highest and lowest values of PM2.5 published by monitoring stations in the same city can differ by more than ten times. These values can only reflect the air quality around the official environmental monitoring station, and the air quality of various microenvironments other than these areas has nothing to do with these data.

Only when more individuals participate, measure the PM2.5 value of their own residence and workplace and upload it to the public platform, can we reflect the accurate value of urban microenvironment, such as PM2.5 of a certain road and a certain community.

Second, as Feng Yongfeng, the head of knowledge of nature Society, pointed out, folk monitoring can influence and drive many people to participate, thus forming an atmosphere of "everyone cares about environmental protection and everyone loves environmental protection"; Third, personal monitoring can reverse the official monitoring, prompt the official monitoring indicators to be announced as soon as possible, and take measures to reduce PM2.5 in the air.

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I don't want to set off fireworks, but the new year is coming again. On New Year's Eve, we will hear deafening firecrackers, but setting off fireworks will do us all kinds of harm, which is related to all aspects of our lives. Although setting off fireworks and firecrackers is a happy thing, it will also cause great harm. First of all, the carbon dioxide, metal particles and other substances produced by fireworks will seriously exceed the air pollution index. This polluted air, people breathe for a long time, back to bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and other diseases. Other large firecrackers and fireworks will make a lot of noise, which will damage people's physical and mental health, especially for some elderly people with old thrombosis, coronary heart disease and other heart diseases. It even threatens the lives of these patients. It is said that setting off fireworks will increase the air pollution index, reaching PM2.5 2.5,2012. In winter, as the temperature drops, more people use honeycomb coal stoves to keep warm. At that time, the air pollution index exceeded the standard, and the National Meteorological Administration issued a yellow warning for haze weather. In China, Peking, Shanghai and other densely populated and economically developed places, the pollution index is the highest. China Meteorological Bureau conducted an air index test in a place where fireworks and firecrackers were set off intensively. As a result, the measured air pollution index is 2500, which is ridiculously high. It can be seen that fireworks have a great influence on the air. Setting off fireworks will also cause huge economic losses and huge waste of social resources. Shooting will cause casualties and fire. According to statistics, in 2005, the number of people injured by shooting in Beijing reached 55 1 person, 5 people died and 378 fires were caused. Although the safety accidents caused by fireworks in Beijing are on the decline, we should take precautions and resolutely resist fireworks. Therefore, we should not set off fireworks, because the harm it brings to us cannot be underestimated. If we continue to set off fireworks and firecrackers, it will cause irreparable consequences. So, don't set off fireworks from now on. Only in this way can we have a safe and comfortable living environment and a blue sky.

Please indicate the source? If I am a pm2.5 2.5,500-word composition,