Moon Lake in Tengger Desert of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Tengger Desert is the fourth largest desert in China. It is located in the southeast of Alashan region, between 37 30 ′ and 40 ′ north latitude and 0/02 20 ′ east longitude. It covers an area of about 42,700 square kilometers. The administrative division mainly belongs to Alashan Zuo Qi, and the west and southeast edges belong to Gansu Minqin, Ningxia Wuwei and Zhongwei respectively. The desert includes Nanjiling in the north and Tengger in the south, which is commonly called Tengger Desert. Dunes, lakes, mountains and flat land crisscross in the desert. Among them, sand dunes account for 765,438+0%, lake basins account for 7%, and mountain residual hills account for 22% peacefully. Among the dunes, mobile dunes account for 93%, and the rest are fixed and semi-fixed dunes. Generally, the height is 10 to 20 meters, which is mainly composed of grid dunes and grid dune chains, and crescent dunes are distributed in the edge areas. A tall compound dune chain was found in the northeast of the desert, with a height of about 50 to 100 meters. Fixed and semi-fixed dunes are mainly distributed in the periphery of desert and the edge of lake basin, and the plants on them are mostly Artemisia and Nitraria. There are Artemisia, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phragmites australis, Calligonum, Flower Stick, Tamarix, Wang Ba and so on. On the flowing sand dunes, it grows better than Badain Jaran Desert. There are also large areas of ephedra in Magang area in the northwest and southwest of the desert. There are natural Populus euphratica secondary forest, Toudao Lake, Tonghu Lake and other places between the dunes of Wutongshu Lake, and there are artificial forests built after 1949. Baotou-lanzhou railway has 3 1 km (19 miles) across the southeast edge of Tengger Desert. 200 along the railway? 300 meters (656? 984 feet), the original moving sand dunes have been fixed, ensuring the safety of railway transportation. Edit this paragraph into a table.

Form a background

The fourth largest desert in China. Located in the southwest of Alashan Zuo Qi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, bordering the central part of Gansu Province. The Great Wall of South Vietnam reaches Helan Mountain in the east and Laishan Mountain in Ya Bu in the west. It covers an area of about 30,000 square kilometers. The altitude is about 1200 ~ 1400 meters.

background introduction

Tengger Mongolian means heaven, which means boundless quicksand is like boundless sky, hence the name. Inside the desert, sand dunes, lake basins, salt marshes, grass beaches, mountains and plains are alternately distributed. Among them, sand dunes account for 7 1%, of which 7% belong to fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes. Most of the southwest desert is covered by vegetation, mainly ephedra and Artemisia ordosica. Plants grow well in the central, southern and northern depressions of the desert, mainly Artemisia. Mobile dunes are mainly lattice dunes and lattice dune chains, which are generally 10 ~ 20m high, and some compound dune chains are 10 ~ 100m high, and often move to the southeast. There are 422 large and small lake basins in the desert, of which the accumulated water is 25 1, mainly for spring water supply and temporary water collection, mostly tertiary residual lakes, which are the main settlements of residents. 1958 started the sand control work, built hundreds of shelterbelts, closed sand and planted grass, and made baotou-lanzhou railway across the desert unimpeded, which is a great achievement of sand control science in China. The reason for editing this paragraph

Overgrazing in Tengger Desert

The two main reasons for the formation of Tengger Desert are drought and wind. In addition, people wantonly cut down forest trees and destroy grasslands, so that the surface is covered with plants, forming a desert. The formation of desert, in addition to arid climate conditions, deforestation and grassland destruction, is also rich in desert material sources, mostly distributed in inland mountain basins, with rich sediments and exposed depressions and lowlands on the plateau. There are fine-grained materials from ancient or modern sediments in the sand source. For example, the sands in Taklimakan Desert and Gurbantunggut Desert in China are derived from ancient river sediments; Most of the sand in Tengger Desert, Mu Us Desert and Little Tengger Desert comes from ancient and modern alluvium and lake sediments. The desert in the middle reaches of the Tarim River and the desert in the lower reaches of the sliding dry river in the southwest of Korla all come from modern river alluvium. Dunes in Tengger Desert, Helan Mountain and Langshan-Bayinwula Mountain come from diluvial-alluvial deposits. Dunes in the highlands of central and western Ordos are formed by the remains of bedrock weathering. Edit the climate of this paragraph.

The climate is controlled by the westerly circulation all year round, which belongs to a typical mid-temperate continental climate with little precipitation. Annual average precipitation 102.9mm, annual maximum precipitation 150.3mm, annual minimum precipitation 33.3mm, annual average temperature 7.8℃, absolute maximum temperature 39℃, absolute minimum temperature -29.6℃, annual average evaporation 2,258.8mm ... illumination 318. 3289. 1℃, the southwest wind prevails all the year round, and the main harmful wind is northwest wind, with a strong wind trend, with an annual average wind speed of 4. 1m/s, and the main natural disaster is sandstorm, but the light and heat resources are abundant, which has potential advantages in developing agriculture. Edit this reference.

Original ecological lake

Tengger Desert-Rich in Resources

There are hundreds of original ecological lakes that have survived for tens of millions of years in Tengger Desert. Under the blue sky, the desert is vast and desolate. Thousands of miles of undulating sand dunes rise and fall like frozen waves, and the soft lines show its extraordinary charm. Standing on the dune in Tengger Dalai, you will be surprised to find a strange original ecological lake. It looks like a map of China, and the distribution of reeds in various provinces and regions of China will be marked one by one-this is the Moon Lake in Tengger Dalai. According to the test, Moon Lake is half a freshwater lake and half a saltwater lake. Lake water contains selenium, iron oxide and other mineral trace elements 10, which has great purification ability. This lake has remained turbid for millions of years. Although the annual precipitation is only 220 mm, the lake water has not decreased, but has increased. Moon Lake is the only original ecological lake with coastline among many lakes in Tengger Desert. On its 3-kilometer-long and 2-kilometer-wide coastline, the thin surface layer can be dug up, exposing the black sand and silt for thousands of years. After testing, the unique black sand mud in Moon Lake is rich in more than a dozen trace elements, which is very similar to the formula of medicinal bath recommended by international health care institutions, and its quality is better than the Dead Sea. It can be described as a unique pure ecological resource in Tengger Dalai.

lake basin

There are 422 lakes and basins in the desert. Most of them are grass lakes without open water, covering an area of 1 to 100 square kilometers. It is distributed in a strip shape, and the water source mainly comes from diving in the surrounding mountainous areas. The vegetation types in the lake basin are mainly swamps, meadows and halophytes, which are the main pastures in the desert. Most mountainous areas are scattered isolated mountains covered by quicksand or divided by sand dunes, such as Alagou Mountain, Castle Peak, Toudao Mountain, Erdao Mountain, Sandao Mountain, Sidao Mountain and Lan Tu Mountain. The flat land in the desert is mainly distributed between Zhala Lake and Tonghu Lake in the southeast. A small piece of land has been reclaimed at the edge of the lake basin in the desert. The population density is higher than that of Badain Jaran Desert. There are Chahanbuluge, Tulantai, Ickler and other towns in the hinterland of the desert, and the settlements are distributed in the periphery of the larger lake basin. On the edge of the desert, there are settlements such as Tonghu, Toudao Lake, Wendutu and Meng Gen, as well as some sand-fixing forest fields. Shapotou is a national nature reserve with an area of 1.27 million hectares. There are "singing springs" in the desert, which can predict earthquakes.

Rizhao resources

The desert is rich in sunshine, with a maximum temperature of 39℃ and an area of 286.6 square kilometers. The main component of solar thermoelectric power generation is solar collector. To achieve the 280 degrees Celsius required for power generation. The collector must concentrate. Take domestic small single low-pressure steam turbine as an example. Its power generation capacity is 6478kW, and the required solar collector area is 45000m2. There are no fixed roads in the desert, because there are many settlements because of the small sand dunes. The east-west passage often crosses the desert. Baotou-lanzhou railway crosses the southeast edge of the desert. Chahan Pond, Red Salt Pond and Tun Pond in the desert are rich in salt. Residents are mainly Mongolians, who manage animal husbandry and settle down for grazing. Edit this part of geology and hydrology.

As far as topography is concerned, it belongs to the alluvial plain of Alashan Plateau, with an altitude of1.050m.. Geologically speaking, it is a fault basin, covered with fine sand and clay-like fourth alluvial-lacustrine deposits, on which alluvial, silting and aeolian deposits are mainly flowing, semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes, flat sand and low hills with different heights of 3-65,438+00 meters intersect each other. The Yellow River flows through the southeast end of Dengkou County from south to north. The topography of Dengkou Oasis inclines from southeast to northwest, and the elevation is generally between1048-1053 m. However, the overall topography of Wulanbu Desert is lower than the surface of the Yellow River, which makes up for the unfavorable factors of less rainfall, large evaporation and drought and water shortage. And the buried depth of groundwater is 5-8 meters, with abundant shallow water resources and good water quality, which is suitable for irrigation. According to the survey data of Hetao General Administration of Inner Mongolia, shallow confined water and semi-confined water are extremely rich, with aquifer 100 meter and total reserves of 5.7 billion cubic meters. The water quality is good and it is a high-quality irrigation and drainage water source. Edit this trip

The tourism department has arranged many special activities for tourists, such as desert picnicking, camping in the desert, watching the stars and enjoying the moon, looking for water in the desert, visiting desert nomads, visiting desert "bird lake" and "fish lake", watching ancient rock paintings, etc., all of which are "special dishes" roaming in Tengger Desert. In addition, the tourism department also provides guests with vehicles, food, camel workers, tour guides and camping equipment. Of course, the most important thing is the camel. Camels for tourism,

Tengger Desert-Swan Lake

In addition to elegant saddle pedals, there are backpacks for fruits and food, and guests' cameras and binoculars can be placed in the earthen wallet opposite the hunchback. In the camel team, there are not only tourist camels, but also leading camels, leading camels and logistics camels. The camel bells equipped by the camel team can ring ten miles away at night, giving people a feeling of safety and stability, and also playing a role in regulating the pace of camels. Swan Lake: Swan Lake in Tengger Desert, located in Alashan Zuo Qi (Bayanhaote Town), Alashan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the eastern edge of Tengger Desert, with a length of about 1 1,500m from north to south and a width of about 500m from east to west, with an area of about 3.2km2 Swan Lake and Moon Lake are about 35km away from north and south, and are also about 35km away from Bayanhaote Town, where the flag government is located, forming an obtuse angle. Swan Lake is surrounded by a vast desert with undulating sand dunes and rolling sand waves. The scene is spectacular and refreshing. Swan Lake and Moon Lake, one large and one small, are a pair of outstanding sister flowers in Tengger 190 lakes. They set off each other and have their own charms, attracting a large number of tourists. Edit this Moon Lake in Tengger Desert.

Moon Lake in Tengger Desert

Moon Lake is located in the hinterland of Tengger Desert in Alashan League, Inner Mongolia, China. It is the desert adventure camp with the shortest radius from major cities in China, and it is the best trip for modern urbanites to seek excitement and completely relax outside the fierce competitive life. Moon Lake has three unique features: First, it looks like a map of China: standing on a high sand dune, a complete map of China is displayed in front of you, and the distribution of reeds marks the provinces one by one; Second, the natural medicinal bath formula of lake water: The lake water with an area of three square kilometers is rich in potassium salt, manganese salt, a small amount of arsenic, trona, trona, iron oxide and other trace elements, which is very similar to the medicinal bath formula recommended by international health care institutions. Lake water has great biological purification ability, which can quickly improve and restore the true colors of nature. Eternal black sand beach: a natural bathing beach with a length of one kilometer and a width of nearly 100 meters. Pushing open its surface layer, there is pure black sand mud with a thickness of more than 10 meters below, which is far superior to the black mud of the Dead Sea and is a natural treasure of mud therapy. The water, electricity and communication facilities in the scenic area are complete and the transportation is convenient. There is a black oil road leading directly to the reception station in the scenic spot. It is about130km from Yinchuan Airport and Railway Station. Edit this industry

Tengger desert-animal husbandry

There are mainly cistanche deserticola, Cynomorium songaricum and Sophora alopecuroides. There are 6,543,805 mu of natural Haloxylon ammodendron forest, 5,787,000 mu of cistanche deserticola concentrated distribution area, and the annual harvest is 6,543,800 tons. Nitraria 28.25 million mu, Cynomorium songaricum concentrated distribution area of 65.438 0.833 million mu, annual collection of more than 500 tons; The distribution area of natural Sophora alopecuroides seeds is 654.38 0.34 million mu, the resource output is 400,000 tons, and the annual harvest is 654.38 0.00 tons. As far as the soil and vegetation in Tengger Desert are concerned, the zonal soil in Tengger Desert is gray desert soil and brown calcium soil. The vegetation is mainly desert shrubs and semi-shrubs. In sandy and sandy soil layers, a lot of gypsum often accumulates; There is a large area of saline-alkali soil in the lake basin, in which meadow saline soil is the most widely distributed and a large number of halophytes are growing. Aeolian sandy soil is the largest soil type in China, distributed from the edge of lake basin to the piedmont plain, and it is the basis for oasis plants to survive. There are almost no plants growing in the large mobile sand dunes, and the coverage is below 1%; The vegetation coverage of semi-fixed dunes is high, reaching 15%-20%. Mainly Phyllostachys pubescens and Artemisia seeds; Plants in the fixed sand dunes grow intensively, mainly Artemisia ordosica; In widely distributed lake basins, salinized meadow and swamp vegetation are the main vegetation because of good water conditions. The main economic vegetation is reed, Achnatherum splendens, Nitraria tangutorum, salt mustard and so on. Coverage is 20%-60%, which is the main grassland and mowing land in the desert. The distribution of plants from quicksand to the abdomen of the lake basin has certain regularity; In the piedmont alluvial plain on the edge of the desert, islands and valleys in the desert, the main forage and medicinal plants are red sand, pearl, ephedra, ammopiptanthus mongolicus, overlord, Caragana, Chenopodium album, juniper, shrub and Ai Ju. The grass group is mixed with a large number of tufted grass, showing the characteristics of grassland. According to the above situation, grazing should still be the main utilization area in desert areas in the future, and it is necessary to strengthen the protection and utilization of existing grasslands and control grazing on fixed sand dunes; Establish a rotational grazing system for fixed sand dunes and lake basins; In areas with good water resources, artificial and semi-artificial grasslands combining forest and grass should be established. Edit the passage of desert deterioration.

According to the person in charge of Wuhai Forestry Bureau, in the past 40 years, due to the dual reasons of natural climate warming and man-made destruction, the expansion speed of Ulan Buh Desert from east to south is amazing. According to relevant data, in the early 1960s, the eastern edge of Ulan Buh Desert was nearly 30 kilometers away from Wuhai. Less than 40 years later, nearly13 of the land in Uda District has been swallowed up by Wulanbu and the desert. The eastern edge of Wulanbuhe Desert extends from Alashan League on the west bank of the Yellow River to Haibowan District on the east bank of the Yellow River, with an erosion area of nearly 100 square kilometers, all of which form crescent-shaped and semi-moon-shaped mobile dunes, and the relative height of some dunes reaches more than 50 meters. The rapid advancement of Ulan Buh Desert has seriously affected the daily life of people in the surrounding areas. According to the third monitoring report of desertification and desertification land in the autonomous region, the proportion of desertification and desertification area in Wuhai city to the total land area of the city is as high as 80. 12%. Serious desertification and desertification lead to a bad natural ecological environment in Wuhai. The annual average precipitation is less than1.60mm (only 8 1.5mm in 2005), while the evaporation is as high as 3,500mm. Sandstorm weather and sandstorms occur frequently, and the maximum number of days with daily average wind speed greater than 3m/s reaches 30 1 day. Wuhai City has become one of the cities with the most serious desertification in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and even China. Edit the governance and utilization of this paragraph.

First, the present situation and characteristics of climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation in Tengger Desert provide the premise and ideas for the management and utilization of Tengger Desert. Judging from the climatic and hydrological conditions, Tengger Desert has obvious continental climate characteristics. Close to lakes and rivers, the water quality is good. The dryness of Tengger Desert is 4- 12, the annual average temperature is 7-9 to (2, greater than 10, the accumulated temperature is 3200-36000, the annual sunshine hours are 3 100-3200, and the frost-free period is145-. The annual precipitation is1; 16- 148mm； Although the rainfall is small, it is mostly concentrated in July and August, with the same season of rain and heat, which provides better hydrothermal conditions for the growth of annual grasses and other grasses in summer/kloc-0. The annual evaporation is 3,000-3,600 mm, and the annual average wind speed is 3-4 m/s. There are 8-level storms in February and March, and the windy days are 30-50 days. It is one of the desert areas with abundant wind energy resources. This provides a prerequisite for the utilization of wind energy. Secondly, the Yellow River flows through the southeast edge of Tengger Desert, and it has been irrigated by the Yellow River since ancient times, with good results, especially in Zhongwei County, which can be described as "blocking the south of the Yangtze River". We will continue to improve and expand the irrigation system of the Yellow River and consolidate and expand this oasis along the Yellow River. In order to achieve this goal, a shelter forest should be established in the north of this oasis to prevent the desert from expanding to the south. Thirdly, there are 422 large and small lake basins in Tengger Desert, with a total area of 503,400 hectares. Most of them are grass lakes such as Achnatherum splendens and Malan, and there is no or very small area of stagnant water. Tengger desert lake basin has sufficient light and heat, good water conditions and abundant groundwater, with a buried depth of1-2m. It is an oasis in the desert and has become a place where herders live for generations. The distribution characteristics of this lake are: the lake basin in the south-central desert generally extends 20-30 kilometers long, 1-3 kilometers wide and covers an area of 4000-5000 hectares. The distribution of lake basins is arranged in parallel in the regular north-south direction, separated by a flowing sand dune belt with a width of 3-5 kilometers; Most of the lake basins in the western and southern margins are irregularly distributed and vary in size, ranging from 5000- 10000 hectares to less than 1000 hectares. Many lakes and springs have been replenished, with good water quality and lush vegetation. Although the area is small, it is a local animal husbandry base with abundant aquatic plants. From the above situation, Tengger Desert, especially in the south, is dotted with lakes and basins, and there are some flat and open land through which the Yellow River flows. Therefore, there is great potential to use the Yellow River for irrigation. It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive development and utilization of lake basins and beaches, and build other oases while building existing oasis bases. Fourthly, as far as the soil and vegetation in Tengger Desert are concerned, the zonal soil in Tengger Desert is gray desert soil and brown calcium soil. The vegetation is mainly desert shrubs and semi-shrubs. In sandy and sandy soil layers, a lot of gypsum often accumulates; There is a large area of saline-alkali soil in the lake basin, in which meadow saline soil is the most widely distributed and a large number of halophytes are growing. Aeolian sandy soil is the largest soil type in China, distributed from the edge of lake basin to the piedmont plain, and is the basis for oasis plants to survive. There are almost no plants growing in the large mobile sand dunes, and the coverage is below 1%; The vegetation coverage of semi-fixed dunes is high, reaching 15%-20%. Mainly Phyllostachys pubescens and Artemisia seeds; Plants in the fixed sand dunes grow intensively, mainly Artemisia ordosica; In widely distributed lake basins, salinized meadow and swamp vegetation are the main vegetation because of good water conditions. The main economic vegetation is reed, Achnatherum splendens, Nitraria tangutorum, salt mustard and so on. Coverage is 20%-60%, which is the main grassland and mowing land in the desert. The distribution of plants from quicksand to the abdomen of the lake basin has certain regularity; In the piedmont alluvial plain on the edge of the desert, islands and valleys in the desert, the main forage and medicinal plants are red sand, pearl, ephedra, ammopiptanthus mongolicus, overlord, Caragana, Chenopodium album, juniper, shrub and Ai Ju. The grass group is mixed with a large number of tufted grass, showing the characteristics of grassland. According to the above situation, grazing should still be the main utilization area in desert areas in the future, and it is necessary to strengthen the protection and utilization of existing grasslands and control grazing on fixed sand dunes; Establish a rotational grazing system for fixed sand dunes and lake basins; In areas with good water resources, artificial and semi-artificial grasslands combining forest and grass should be established. Fifth, Tengger Desert is a national scientific research and demonstration area for sand control, which has made great achievements. It is known as a "miracle in the history of human sand control"-a world-class sand control project, and the United Nations awarded it the honor of "Top 500 Global Environmental Protection". A national nature reserve has been established in Shapotou, Zhongwei, the southern edge of the desert. In the future, the Zhongwei section of baotou-lanzhou railway, the world's first desert railway, will focus on railway sand prevention, give full play to the advantages of scientific research and production institutions, and popularize scientific research results and applicable technologies for sand prevention. Sixth, continue to fly pasture in the desert grassland on the eastern edge of Tengger Desert. Alashan Zuo Qi planted Artemisia and Calligonum mongolicum by air in the northwest to southwest edge of Tengger Desert, where the flag government is located, and received good ecological benefits. After the aerial sowing of pasture, the sowing area has changed obviously, making the bare undulating quicksand. The hilly sandy land has become a green grassland, and the quicksand is fixed and semi-fixed, making the desert without grass available a first-class grassland in the whole flag, and the planting area rate, plant coverage and forage yield have doubled. Most of the sowing areas have been opened as winter and spring grasslands or grazing bases for drought and disaster resistance, and some of them have been used as grass seed collection bases. In view of the important role of aerial seeding grassland in developing animal husbandry production, preventing wind and fixing sand, especially in improving land, desert control and ecological environment, it is necessary to continue aerial seeding grassland there and intensify its work.

Ticket price of Moon Lake Scenic Spot: 160 yuan (including 15km adventure car and battery boat). Ticket price of Shapotou Scenic Spot: 90,50120cm for adults, but you need to buy two yuan insurance!