When will the ginseng fruit be planted? How to grow ginseng fruit?

Ginseng fruit is a kind of fruit with unique flavor, juicy pulp and rich in vitamin C and trace elements. Because ginseng fruit is a kind of nutritious health food, its economic benefit is very considerable, which attracts many farmers to plant ginseng fruit. So, when will the ginseng fruit be planted? How to grow ginseng fruit? The following contents will be introduced in detail for everyone:

When will the ginseng fruit be planted?

Autumn and winter cultivation

The cultivation time usually ends in mid-August, and it blooms around September 10, and it is harvested around New Year's Day and Spring Festival. It takes about 105 days from cutting to harvesting, and about 105 days from the end of harvesting.

Planting density is generally implemented in large and small rows, one row is 90 cm, the other row is 45 cm, the spacing is 30 cm, and there are about 3300 plants per mu.

Early spring cultivation

Generally, after new buds grow at the base, the stems are cut off in early February, and the stubble is about 30 cm. Flowers bloom about 40 days after cutting seeds (about mid-March), and harvest begins about 50 days after flowering (about early May). After cutting dry, water it once, and the management focus from the later period to before flowering is intertillage weeding and squatting seedlings. Start topdressing and watering after flowering. Generally, water is poured three times and topdressing is performed three times. Topdressing is mainly organic fertilizer, and generally about 400 kilograms of human excrement and urine are applied each time. Other management is the same as autumn and winter cultivation.

How to plant ginseng fruit

First, the requirements of ginseng fruit on environmental conditions When the temperature is stable at 10℃, new buds begin to germinate and blossom and bear fruit above 18℃. The optimum growth temperature is 15- 18℃. When the temperature reaches 38℃, the young leaves will be burned, and the freezing injury will appear again at 0℃. Hi-light, its light saturation point is 70 thousand lux. Ginseng fruit belongs to semi-drought-tolerant plants, and 60%-80% of the maximum water capacity in the field is suitable. Ginseng fruit has wide adaptability to soil, and its requirements are not strict, but it is better to use fertile soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matter. Ginseng fruit is both fertilizer-loving and fertilizer-tolerant, and the order of nutrient absorption is potassium > nitrogen > calcium > phosphorus > magnesium.

2. At present, the varieties promoted are: Changli (with vigorous growth, tall plants, dark green leaves, strong stress resistance and high seed setting rate, with 50 fruits per plant throughout the year. The fruit size is neat, and the single fruit weight is150-200g, and the maximum fruit weight is1000g. The fruit is heart-shaped, and the mature fruit is golden yellow with obvious purple stripes); Big purple (vigorous growth, dark green leaves, large leaves, strong cold resistance, high seed setting rate, 35 fruits per plant throughout the year. The fruit is irregular in size and small in size. The fruit is heart-shaped, the mature fruit is purplish red, and the stripes are not obvious); Asca (The plant has strong growth potential, stout stems and high temperature resistance, and can bear fruit when the temperature reaches 35℃. The fruit is heart-shaped and large, with an average of 200 grams per fruit and a maximum of 500 grams. Mature fruit is golden yellow with obvious purple stripes).

Third, the seed cultivation techniques of ginseng fruit are few and small, and the emergence rate and seedling rate are not ideal. Therefore, at present, cutting is the main method of seedling propagation, but seed propagation can maintain the properties of seeds and facilitate seed disinfection, thus overcoming the serious virus disease caused by cutting propagation.

(1) The cuttage propagation of ginseng fruit has many side branches, and the cuttage is simple and easy to survive. As long as the temperature is suitable, it can be carried out all year round. Seedlings planted in the open field or plastic greenhouse in spring need to be cut in the greenhouse or plastic greenhouse. Seedlings planted in greenhouses in autumn and winter need cutting in summer. Generally, the seedlings cut before the end of June can blossom and bear fruit in that year, and the yield is also high. Seedlings produced in greenhouses in winter should be cut in the open field in autumn.

Select the plot with high terrain, flat, fertile and loose soil and no solanaceae crops planted in recent years as the seedbed. Flat border can be used for seedling raising in spring and high border can be used for seedling raising in summer and autumn. Sieve the fully decomposed farmyard manure, mix it evenly with the soil, rake it flat and tread lightly. If there are underground pests, apply pesticides before sowing.

When cutting, it is best to choose thick, soft branches over 30 cm without pests and diseases. After selecting the branches, cut them into small pieces 12 cm long, remove the leaves and leave the petiole. When cutting in winter, the branches can only be buried 3-5 cm, and the cuttings can be shortened appropriately. The survival rate is high if you cut it. In order to promote the rooting of branches, the lower end of branches should be cut into inclined planes, and the 1_3 segment at the lower part of branches should be quickly immersed in 50-200 microliters of naphthylacetic acid or indoleacetic acid. When cutting, water should be poured before cutting. After all insertion, a layer of fine soil should be spread to prevent soil moisture from evaporating.

Too high or too low temperature is not conducive to the germination of roots and new branches. Pay attention to sun protection and rain protection in summer after cutting, and build a shade shed to raise seedlings; In the cold season, you should buckle the film and cover the grass to keep warm and cold. The optimum temperature for watering and airing is 15-25℃. The maximum water holding capacity of soil at seedling stage is 60%-70%. Generally, there is no need for soil topdressing, and foliar spraying can be used. Use 0. 4% urea +0. You can also spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves of 200 times of the organic fertilizer (N+P+K≥8%, fish protein ≥30% and amino acid ≥ 6%). Foliage fertilizer is not only Miao Zhuang, but also can promote flower bud differentiation, which is beneficial to early maturity and yield increase.

Pay attention to weeding at seedling stage and control aphids and red spiders.

(2) Seed propagation ginseng fruit can be sown all year round. In the open field, spring is the most suitable. In autumn, due to the high temperature and much rain in the early stage, sunshade and rainproof measures should be taken.

The requirements for seed seedling cultivation are the same as those for planting seedlings.

Before sowing, seeds should be soaked to accelerate germination. When the ground temperature of 10 cm is stable to 12℃, seeds can be sown. First, water the seedbed with water, and then spread soil to level the surface of the seedbed before the water seeps down. In order to prevent seedling diseases, it is best to spread the upper layer and cover the lower layer with medicinal soil. Seeds can be sown or on demand. The spacing between seeds should be 7 cm square. If it is divided into 1 seedling, it can be 5 cm square. The soil on the seeds should be thin, and it should be 0 in cold season. 2-0。 3 cm, 0 in hot season. About 5 cm. After sowing, cover with plastic film or keep grass moist.

After sowing, the temperature should be kept at 25-28℃ during the day, not lower than 65438 05℃ at night, and strictly controlled not to exceed 28℃ in high temperature season. Under the premise of watering the soles of the feet, water is generally not watered before emergence, and water is moderately watered according to the soil moisture status after emergence. In the case of sufficient base fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is generally not applied at seedling stage, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed. When the seeds arch the soil, remove the plastic film and sprinkle a layer of fine soil on the bed surface to strengthen moisture retention, increase soil pressure and reduce wearing caps.

(3) Soil preparation and fertilization: apply 8,000-110,000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure every 667 square meters, apply organic fertilizer 1 _ 2 on the ground, and dig deeply to fully mix the fertilizer and soil. Trenching according to planting row spacing, adding 30-40kg of diammonium phosphate and 20-30kg of potassium fertilizer into the trench, fully mixing with soil, watering to fill the soil, and ridging. 80- 100 cm _40-50 cm row cultivation, the ridge height is about 15 cm. Greenhouse cultivation can also use high ridges, 60-70 cm wide and 15-20 cm deep. It is best to open an irrigation canal in the middle of the border, spread a plastic film on the border, and form the form of underground irrigation under the film on the high border.

(4) The temperature index of field planting is: the minimum temperature is not lower than 5℃, and the ground temperature at 10 cm is stable above 12℃. Water the seedlings two days before sowing, so that the seedlings will not be loose. When raising seedlings, try to keep the root system, and first plant healthy seedlings with thick stems, short nodes and no pests and diseases. When the seedlings are uneven, they should be planted separately and managed separately. For high border cultivation, two rows should be planted on the border, with the row spacing of 40-50 cm and the plant spacing of 35-45 cm, with 2500-3000 plants per 667 square meters. Planting density should be determined according to the arrangement of harvest time, the number of main branches and the number of fruit ears. The harvest period is short, the main branches are few, and the density with few fruit ears can be higher.

(5) Site management

1, temperature: ginseng fruit likes temperature, but is afraid of high temperature. The temperature management during cultivation is often different due to different seasons, different weather and different growth periods.

In autumn and winter, when the weather turns from warm to cold and the daily average temperature drops to about 16℃, plastic film should be covered, and when the night temperature is below 10℃, grass should be covered. Pay attention to the fresh air during the daytime in the initial stage of pasting, and master 15-25℃ during the daytime, with the maximum not exceeding 28℃; At night, it is 15- 10℃, and the minimum temperature is not lower than 5℃. When the temperature cannot be guaranteed, temporary heating measures should be taken. Special attention should be paid to heating and insulation in the early stage of winter and spring stubble. Pay attention to the fresh air after the warm weather to prevent high temperature injury. When the lowest outdoor temperature is stable above 10℃, outdoor air can be released day and night; When the lowest outside temperature reaches 15℃, the greenhouse film can be gradually removed, and the temperature management is just the opposite of autumn and winter stubble.

2. Topdressing and watering: In the case of fertile soil and sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing is generally not used to set fruit, and topdressing too early will easily lead to white growth of plants. When the first ear of fruit is the size of walnut, topdressing and watering should be started to promote the rapid expansion of fruit. Top-dressing ammonium nitrate or diammonium phosphate 20-25kg per 667m2. Generally, fertilizer should be applied every 1 ear 1 time. When the weather is warm, you can flush human excrement and urine twice, each time using 1000 kg per 667 square meters. During the flowering and fruiting period, foliar fertilization should be carried out many times. After entering the fruiting period, ginseng fruit keeps flowering and fruiting, and the demand for water also increases rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of watering and keep the ground moist.

3. Plant regulation: ginseng fruit has strong branching ability. If it is allowed to grow naturally, it will form a strong cluster, with too dense branches and ventilation and light transmission, which will affect flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruiting.

Chajia and ironman. Use bamboo poles 1- 1. A 5-meter tripod or four-corner frame regularly hangs and ties the stems and vines on the frame rods. Usually the first ear is tied with rattan.

Trim the whole branch. In general, each plant has 2-4 main branches, 2 are densely planted and 3-4 are sparsely planted. Generally, no lateral branches are left in the early stage, and 1-2 lateral branches can be left in the middle stage of growth. So each plant may have 4-8 lateral branches. Prune 1 times every 10- 15 days in the fruiting period, break off the redundant branches in time, select the good branches for cutting, and the rest can be used as feed.

4. flower protection and fruit protection: ginseng fruit can be pollinated by itself, and the number of flowers per ear is 8- 10. Generally, leave the first 4-5 flowers per ear, and remove the rest. In order to improve the fruit setting rate and accelerate the fruit development, it is necessary to treat it with growth regulators. Dip the flowers with 2,4-D of 15 μ l _ L on the day of flowering or 0-2 days after flowering. Flowers should be thinned first, and then dipped in medicine. If it is too late to thin the flowers, it is necessary to thin the fruits, and it is advisable to leave 3-4 fruits per ear.

(6) The harvested young ginseng fruit is light green. When the fruit expands to a certain extent and purple stripes appear on the surface, the fruit has reached 78% maturity. If the cooked food is cooked, it can be harvested at this time. As a fruit, it needs to be fully ripe. When it is fully mature, the peel is golden yellow with purple patterns. Timely harvesting is beneficial to the upper flowering and fruit setting. If there are special needs, ripe fruits can be hung on plants for 2-3 months.

Four, pest control diseases mainly include gray mold and virus diseases, pests mainly include aphids, whiteflies, red spiders.

Adding 1000 times prochloraz or carbendazim wettable powder to dip flowers or spraying 1000 times 50% chlorpheniramine wettable powder can control tomato gray mold. Viral diseases can be treated with 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution spray control, using seed propagation can fundamentally control virus diseases. Spraying 10% chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times can control whitefly. Control of Red Spider and Tobacco Thrips with 2O00-3000 Times Liquid Spray in Cmit.