What fairy tales are there in China?

According to legend, Hou Yi and Chang 'e were both Yao people. According to the myth, during the Yao period, ten suns appeared in the sky at the same time, scorching the land and drying the crops. People are breathless and unconscious. Due to the hot weather, some strange birds and animals also ran out from the dry rivers and lakes and the fiery forests, causing harm to people everywhere.

The human disaster alarmed the gods in heaven, and the heavenly emperor Chang Jun ordered Hou Yi, who was good at archery, to come down to earth to help Yao get rid of the people's suffering. Hou Yi came to the world with a red bow, a bag of white arrows and his beautiful wife Chang 'e.

Hou Yi immediately started shooting at the sun. He took the red bow from his shoulder, took out the white arrows and shot them at his arrogant grandson one by one. In an instant, nine out of ten suns were shot. It was only because Yao thought that leaving a grandson was useful to the people that Hou Yi was prevented from continuing shooting. This is the story of the famous Houyi Shooting Day.

However, Hou Yi's great achievements were envied by other gods, who went to the Heaven Emperor to spread rumors and slander, so that the Heaven Emperor finally alienated Hou Yi and sentenced him to the world forever. After being wronged, Hou Yi and his wife Chang 'e had to live in seclusion and hunt for a living by Hou Yi.

The Goddess Chang's fly to the moon

Chang 'e is the moon goddess in China mythology. The myth of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is the most popular. It first appeared in Huai Nan Zi Lan Mingxun. According to the myth, you asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir of life and brought it home. Chang 'e stole the elixir while she was away. She flew lightly off the ground and ran to the Moon Palace. The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon's myth can also be found in the earlier "Gui Zang", but the narrative in "Gui Zang" is sketchy, only saying that Chang 'e took the elixir of the western queen and went to the moon palace for a month's essence, which seems to have nothing to do with Iraq. In the ancient edition of Huai Nan Zi, there is a record that Chang 'e became a toad in the Moon Palace. Now there is no record, which shows that people have changed from condemnation to sympathy for Chang 'e. From the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, people's sympathy for Chang 'e developed more and more, and ancient legends such as becoming a toad were gradually forgotten. Some scholars believe that Chang 'e is Chang 'e Xi in Shan Hai Jing.

A symbol of Jingwei's reclamation/tenacious determination

Governing and transforming nature requires tenacious spirit. Emperor Yan, the sun god, had a little daughter named Nu Wa, who was his favorite daughter. Emperor Yan not only manages the sun, but also manages food and medicinal materials. He has many things to do. He goes to the East China Sea early every morning to direct the sun to rise, and doesn't go home until the sun goes down.

Emperor Yan is not at home, and the girl plays alone. She really wants her father to take her out and see where the sun rises in the East China Sea. But my father is busy with business and always doesn't take her. On this day, the girl rowed the boat alone and came to the place where the sun rose in the East China Sea. Unfortunately, there was a storm at sea and the boat capsized like a mountain wave. The girl was swallowed by the ruthless sea and never came back. Emperor Yan missed his daughter, but he couldn't bring her back to life with drugs, so he had to lament alone.

When the baby girl died, her soul turned into a bird with a flower head, a white shell and red claws, and gave a cry of "Jingwei, Jingwei", so people also called this bird "Jingwei".

Jingwei hates the ruthless sea for taking her young life, and she wants to avenge herself. So, she kept taking a pebble or a twig from the pigeon hill where she lived, spreading her wings and flying to the East China Sea. She went back to the rough sea, groaning, throwing stones and branches, trying to fill the sea.

Don't know your own strength

Kuafu is a fairy tale every day. It tells the story of Kuafu, an ancient man of God, who chased the sun and was finally roasted to death by the sun. The ancient book Shan Hai Jing described this in detail: "Kuafu left Japan by car. When he entered Japan, he was thirsty and wanted to drink water. Drinking in the river, Wei, River, Wei is insufficient; Drinking osawa in the north, but before he arrived, he died of thirst. Abandon its staff and become a Deng (peach) forest. "

This account says: Kuafu chased the sun to the edge, and was thirsty because of the heat. It's not enough to drink the river. He wants to drink the water from the swamp, but he's dying of thirst. Walking sticks were abandoned by the roadside, competing to grow into peach groves.

Xing Tian Wu gan qi

Tianxing. Shan Hai Jing's overseas western classics: Xingtian and the emperor fought for God here, and the emperor cut off his head and buried it in yangshan. It takes the breast as the eye and the navel as the mouth, which is a kind of dance. The background of this incident is that after Chiyou was defeated and beheaded, the Emperor of Heaven here was Xuanyuan Huangdi. Xingtian, giant, subordinate of Emperor Yan. He was quite dissatisfied with the Yellow Emperor's oppression of Emperor Yan by force. Although he didn't take part in Chiyou's Yellow Emperor Raiders, he still wanted to die. After Chiyou was killed in failure, he could no longer resist the resentment in his heart, so he went to the Yellow Emperor for a one-on-one fight. However, it seems a bit unreasonable to fight for the throne on one's own. Now it is generally said that it is fair to Emperor Yan and Chiyou, or that he really coveted the throne. Xingtian fights the Yellow Emperor with his hands. But it was beyond my ability, and I was finally defeated and beheaded like Chiyou. The head was buried in Changyang Mountain by the Yellow Emperor, but the body remained in place. So Xingtian's body began to be dissatisfied, using two nipples as eyes and a round navel as mouth.

Nu Wa made man

"Peaceful Magnolia": Before Nu Wa made people, she made chickens on the first day of the first month, dogs on the second day, sheep on the third day, pigs on the fourth day and horses on the sixth day. On the seventh day, Nu Wa made a small clay figurine out of loess and water, imitating her own appearance. She made batch after batch, and thought it was too slow, so she used crutches. In order to make human beings pass on forever, she created a wedding ceremony, acted as a matchmaker herself, let people know the method of "making people" and carry on the family line by her own strength. Another legend, unique, is that Nu Wa and Fuxi are brother and sister. At the beginning of the universe, there were only two brothers and sisters between heaven and earth. At the foot of Kunlun Mountain, there was no one else in the world. I want to be husband and wife, but I am ashamed. My brother and sister immediately went to Kunlun Mountain and cursed: "If God agrees that my brother and sister are husband and wife, please gather all the clouds in the sky or disperse them. So the clouds in the sky immediately closed, and they became husband and wife, and the Chinese nation was their descendants.

Nvwa Patches up the Sky

In the cosmic era, the water god Zhu Rong and the fire god Zhu Rong fought for some reason, and finally Zhu Rong defeated the worker. Water god * * * workers are ashamed and resentful because of losing, but they are the pillars of indomitable spirit. The mountain broke, the big pillar supporting heaven and earth broke, the sky fell by half, and a big hole appeared. Mankind is facing an unprecedented disaster.

Nu Wa witnessed such a strange disaster and felt very painful, so she decided to mend the sky to end it. She chose various colored stones, set them on fire and melted them into mud, filled the hole with this mud, and then cut off four feet of a chinemys reevesii as four pillars to support half the collapsed sky. Nu Wa also captured and killed the black dragon, which killed the people, and stopped the arrogance of the dragon and snake. Finally, in order to prevent flooding, Nuwa also collected a large number of reeds, burned them into ashes and buried them in the flood that spread everywhere.

After some efforts and rectification by Nu Wa, the sky was finally filled up, the land was filled up, the water stopped, the dragons, snakes and beasts disappeared, and the people lived a happy life again. But after all, this catastrophic disaster left its mark. Since then, the sky is still tilted to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars naturally return to the west, and because the ground is tilted to the southeast, all the rivers gather there. When the rainbow appears in the sky, it is the colorful light of our great Nuwa.

Nu Wa has worked hard. In Dou Yun Shu Yuan Ming Pao in the Western Han Dynasty, Nu Wa and her brothers Fuxi and Shennong were listed as Huang San at the beginning of the Chinese nation. They tasted hundreds of herbs and saved countless lives.

Broken Tianzhu worker

Why do the sun, the moon and the stars rise and set in the west? Why do all rivers flow eastward? Legend has it that the water god * * * broke Tianzhu and * * * became a symbol of justice.

After Nu Wa repaired Tianyu, the sun, moon and stars operated normally for a long time. But then a war disrupted this situation. The warring parties are Gong, the god of water, and Zhuan Xu, the god of god.

* * * is the son of Vulcan Zhu Rong. He has a human face, a snake body and red hair. * * * Workers are often in charge of seven-tenths of the world, such as oceans, rivers and lakes, rivers and swamps. In the war between the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, Gong Gong used water to help his ancestor Yan Di fight. Zhuan Xu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, who once asked him to represent theocracy. But when he was in charge of theocracy, he didn't care about the people on earth, and sent people to cut off the passage between heaven and earth and oppress the dissatisfied gods. What is even more unreasonable is that he tied the sun, the moon and the stars to the northern sky and fixed them there. In this way, some places on the earth are always bright, and some places are always dark, which brings disaster to people. Water god * * * took the opportunity to lead his men, rose up, overthrew the rule of Zhuan Xu and seized the throne of the Emperor of Heaven.

Fuxi myth

The myth created by China culture. Fuxi, also called Taihao Fuxi, is said to be the son of Hua Xushi who stepped on Raytheon's footprints in Razer. He can "go up and down" along the building timber growing in the wild in Du Guang as a ladder.

Fuxi has many inventions, mainly saying that he sat on a square altar, listened to music from all directions and painted? (fuck),? (Kun),? (earthquake) (?),? (Kan)，？ (from),? (Chuang),? Guagua has eight symbols, called eight diagrams, which represent all kinds of things between heaven and earth. He also imitated spiders to weave webs and make fishing nets. According to this principle, his courtier Ju Mang became a bird catcher. Fuxi also made the harp and created the music of peace and discussion. The dawn of ancient civilization was revealed in the legendary Fuxi era.

Fuxi later became the emperor of the East, and his courtier Ju Mang became his god. There is also a legend that Fuxi and Nuwa are husband and wife. This theory appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Yanshou of the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote the words "Fuxi Scale, Nu Wa Snake" in Lu Lingguang Dian Fu. There are images of Fuxi, Nu Wa mating with the snake head on the stone statue of Wuliangci in the Eastern Han Dynasty. One side is marked Fuxi, and the other side may be Nuwa.

The myth of emperor

The myth of Heaven Emperor worshipped by Yin people in ancient China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's name is Gaozu? . He was the ancestor of the Yin people and was later promoted to the Emperor of Heaven. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, he is in the shape of a bird's head, a monkey's body, a foot, and seems to have a cane in his hand. The last five chapters of The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Classic of Huang Da focus on the divine words about the Emperor, but not in other books. Di Jun's two wives, one named He, who lives in Gan Yuan, gave birth to 65,438+00 suns. The other, Chang Xi, lived in the wilderness in the west and gave birth to 12 moons. There is also a wife named E Huang, who lives in the southern wilderness and gave birth to an ancestor of 1 trisomy. Di Jun often falls from the sky and makes friends with some colorful birds. The two shrines of the Emperor below are managed by these colorful birds. In the Great Northern Wilderness, the Emperor had a bamboo forest. He cut a section of bamboo and cut it open to make a boat. 18 days, Yao went to war, and Di Jun gave Yi Hong a bow and white arrow, asking him to go down the mountain to help the poor. These are fragments of the existing myth of the emperor. We can see the divinity of the Emperor as the Emperor of Heaven. Due to the development and evolution of myth, Dijun became two legendary emperors, one was Xin's and the other was Xin's. They are all demigods and demigods heroes, spreading their own myths and legends.

Flood myth

A worldwide myth about the destruction of the universe and the rebirth of mankind. Most of the records about floods in ancient China were related to water control. For example, there is a story of the goddess mending the sky and governing the water in "Huai Nan Zi Lan Mingxun". In addition, there are myths about Gun and Yu's water control. None of them are directly related to human regeneration. The flood myth circulated in later generations reflects that after the catastrophic flood disaster in a certain period in ancient times, two brothers and sisters of flood survivors got married and regenerated human beings. This myth can be divided into two systems: North and South. Generally speaking, the flood myth of Southwest China is: Leigong flood, flooding the world. Brother and sister hid in the gourd to avoid the flood, and later became husband and wife, resulting in different races after marriage. The northern flood myth says: floods flood the world. Fuxi and Nuwa (or Pangu brothers and sisters) escaped the flood under the protection of stone lions or turtles, and then got married. Finally, brother and sister pinched the yellow clay figurine, recreated human beings and became the "ancestors" of the Han nationality. There are traces of primitive blood marriage in the myths of these two systems. It seems to be a reflection of the transition from group marriage to pairing marriage in primitive society in China. Due to different social stages, there are different attitudes towards brother and sister marriage in mythology. Early mythology believed that the marriage of brother and sister was a necessary condition for the continuation of mankind; Later myths have different degrees of affirmation. Wen Yiduo's "Myths and Poetry Fuxi Kao" quoted in detail the flood myth materials of Miao, Yao and Yi in southwest China in modern times. Flood myths of Han, Mongolian, Daur and other ethnic groups in the Central Plains and the north are constantly being discovered. Some of them are integrated with the myth of creation, and some have serious Buddhist tendencies. Due to the restriction of natural environment and social and cultural environment, the myth of oral flood is often constantly evolving.

Sun, Moon and Stars Myth

Myths that explain natural phenomena such as the sun, moon and stars. The myth of the sun, moon and stars first put forward the origin of the sun, moon and stars. China has five myths: fertility, metaplasia, egg-laying, casting and creation. In addition, there is another saying that the sun is a heroic god and a celestial emperor. There are also some myths that explain the origin of some constellations.

The regular movement of the sun and the moon is one aspect of the explanation of natural phenomena in the myth of the sun and the moon. Ancient myths in China described the daily life schedule of the sun and the moon as having work and rest like human beings. The shadow in the middle of the month and the change of full moon and short moon are another aspect of this kind of myth to explain natural phenomena. In Han mythology, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon turned into a toad, WU GANG chopped laurel, and Jade Rabbit pounded medicine. There are also many myths among ethnic minorities to explain the shadow in the middle of the month. Regarding the relationship between the sun and the moon, people think of them as husband and wife, brother and sister, sister and menstruation. There is also a magical explanation for the phenomenon of solar eclipse in mythology. For example, the Han people have the saying that Tiangou swallowed it. The myth of shooting at the sun is an indispensable part of the myth of the sun and the moon. The basic content it describes is that there are many suns (or moons) in the sky, and strong light irradiation has caused serious consequences. The hero's archer shot down the redundant sun and moon. This kind of myth reflects the ancient people's desire to control the sun and conquer drought.

The myth of the sun, the moon and the stars reflects the simple understanding of celestial bodies by ancient humans, and some show the desire to control celestial bodies by witchcraft, which has primitive science and certain practical significance. However, due to the infiltration and integration of various primitive concepts, they finally combined into a myth full of naive fantasies, which was taken as the creative theme by literati.

The myth of the origin of animals and plants

A natural myth. It is an explanatory story of primitive people about the origin and characteristics of animals and plants. In the primitive era of fishing, hunting and gathering economy, the level of human productivity is extremely low, and it is still impossible to distinguish between itself and nature. People often think that the animals and plants around them have the same perception, feeling and life history as themselves, especially those that have a direct interest in people's life and production, and then use visual fantasy to explain their sources and characteristics, which has become the myth of the origin of animals and plants.

In China's mythological works, there are few separate myths about the origin of animals and plants, and most of them exist as original myths and local plots in the epic of creation. For example, in the Buyi myth epic "Creation of the Earth", it is said that the forest and rare birds and animals are all changed by Weng's family. According to Kuafu mythology, Taolin was transformed from a cane that Kuafu abandoned after dying of thirst every day. This kind of myth holds that animals and plants are changed by a certain part of God's body or God's instruments.

In addition, some myths believe that animals and plants were created by the creator God. For example, the Yi epic Le Aoteyi tells the story of Otsu who helped the gods create creatures on the earth, planted three trees on the ground, and then there were trees. Put the deer in the forest, and there were animals from then on. There are also some myths that god, man, animals and plants are interactive.