Shijiazhuang Reservoir of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Shijiazhuang, located in the south-central part of Hebei Province, is an important transportation hub in China, and is known as the "train-driven city".

Because of the scale of the city and the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the lack of water resources has become the bottleneck of urban development, and the perennial overexploitation of groundwater has made Shijiazhuang the largest underground funnel in the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project will enable Hebei to obtain 3 billion cubic meters of water every year. Among them, 782 million cubic meters of water will be transported to Shijiazhuang. About half of the city's population will benefit from it, and the ecology of industry, agriculture and groundwater will also be greatly improved.

This well in Beigang Village, Lingshou County, Shijiazhuang has been used for 30 years. It's really old. It used to take less than an hour to water an acre of land, but now it takes three or four hours. The villagers anxiously watched the trickle and sobbed and jumped out of the pipeline.

In August, Beigang Village, the season when corn is about to mature, many corn stalks in the field are only more than one meter high and have small sticks.

As early as more than ten years ago, Li Xianghua in Beigang Village felt less and less groundwater. In the past, the 28-meter drinking well could not produce water. Later, several neighbors teamed up to drill a deep well of more than 50 meters.

Especially this year, the villagers kept the weather forecast at 7: 30 every night, and turned over a page in August without waiting for a soaking rain. Fortunately, the drought was predicted at the beginning of the year. Six new wells have been drilled in the county, water pipelines have been laid in various cornfields, and the drought has been alleviated by continuing to rely on groundwater.

condition

Groundwater is seriously overexploited, and the funnel area is enlarged.

In the memory of Wei Zhimin, a water conservancy expert in Hebei Province, in Shijiazhuang in the 1950s and 1960s, groundwater was very close to the surface, so people could take water from wells with shoulder poles. At that time, you can take a boat from Tianjin to Shijiazhuang via Daqing River and Ziya River, and then to Zhengding and Gaocheng in Shijiazhuang via Hutuo River flowing through Shijiazhuang. But at present, the Hutuo River is almost cut off except for leaving a section of river water for the urban landscape in the urban area.

Since 1996, Shijiazhuang has been in a state of drought, and the Jin Shi Canal has been an irrigation channel for a long time. In the past, the water pump could pump up the groundwater, but later it was out of reach under the machine. Later, the industrial deep well pump was used to pump water to the depth of 180 meters. "From water everywhere, everyone is afraid of water to everyone looking forward to it. Now all the rivers are dry, all the water is dirty, and everyone is looking forward to water." Wei Zhimin lamented.

Gai Ruijie, deputy director of the Water Resources Management Office of Shijiazhuang Water Affairs Bureau, said that since the 1980s, the scale of the city has developed rapidly, the water consumption has increased sharply, the weather is dry, the rainfall is less, and the inflow of upstream rivers such as Hutuo River and Yehe River has decreased, resulting in a decrease in the total amount of water resources.

The shortage of water resources has become one of the main factors restricting the economic and social development of Shijiazhuang. For a long time, a helpless reality is that Shijiazhuang has to rely on over-exploitation and utilization of surface water, a large number of over-exploitation of groundwater and crowding out ecological and agricultural water to maintain economic growth. Even so, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is still acute, and the annual water shortage in Shijiazhuang is still about 65.438+0.2 billion cubic meters.

According to Gary Jie, groundwater overexploitation in Shijiazhuang is serious at present. Taking 20 13 as an example, the total water consumption in Shijiazhuang is 3 1 0.20 billion cubic meters, including 2410.70 billion cubic meters of groundwater, accounting for nearly 80% of the total water consumption, and the groundwater is over-exploited1100 million cubic meters.

Overexploitation of groundwater has caused serious water ecological problems. According to the data provided by the Office of Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters of Shijiazhuang Water Affairs Bureau, since 1980s, with the over-exploitation of groundwater, the area and depth of the funnel have expanded year by year. At present, the influence area of the groundwater drop funnel has reached 456 square kilometers, and the water level in the center of the funnel has reached 52.28 meters, and it is still decreasing at the rate of 1.2 to 1.5 meters every year, making it the largest underground funnel in the passing area of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer.

limit

High-tech Zone Rejects Water-intensive Enterprises to Settle in.

Shijiazhuang High-tech Development Zone, located in the east and west of Shijiazhuang, is worrying about water. Shijiazhuang High-tech Industrial Development Zone is one of the first national high-tech zones approved by the State Council in March 199 1.

At present, there are more than 265,438+000 registered enterprises in the zone, and the high-tech zone covers an area of 75 square kilometers, which is divided into science and technology industrial parks and science and technology entrepreneurial parks, with the focus on developing biopharmaceuticals, electronic information, advanced manufacturing, building science and technology business incubators and developing information industry.

Fan, head of the Water Resources Office of the Construction Administration Bureau of the High-tech Zone Management Committee, said that considering the water shortage environment in Shijiazhuang, the High-tech Zone refused to allow high-water consuming enterprises to enter. At present, the annual water consumption of high-tech zones is more than 6 million tons, all of which is groundwater. The old waterworks uniformly equipped in the High-tech Zone all exploit groundwater, with a daily processing capacity of 50,000 tons, which can meet the needs of domestic and some production water. Many enterprises also have their own wells to supply production water.

Fan said that the expansion of 20 10 in the south of the development zone has just begun, and there is still a lot of room for attracting investment. "The supply and demand of water resources will be very tight only by relying on the original old water plant with a daily processing capacity of 50,000 tons. At present, the daily water supply of the old water plant is less than 40,000 tons. "

Because of the lack of water resources, many enterprises in Shijiazhuang shoulder the heavy responsibility of saving water, spending a lot of money to continuously improve production technology and build their own sewage treatment plants to alleviate the water shortage problem of the city and itself.

As a "big water user" in Shijiazhuang, Shigang has been looking for measures to optimize the utilization of water resources. More than 20 years ago, the water output of self-provided wells in enterprises began to decline. "The company has carried out water technology transformation on the original system to reduce the consumption of new water," said the staff in charge of water management in Shen Company.

In addition, in 2005, Shijiazhuang Iron and Steel Company invested in the construction of a comprehensive sewage treatment plant. The treated reclaimed water is used for dust removal and greening of the yard, and about 3.5 million tons of reclaimed water can be recovered every year. At present, the company can use reclaimed water to supplement the water in the reclaimed water reuse system, "accounting for about one-third of the total water consumption." Shen said that the company has therefore invested heavily in water resources protection.

In addition to the limitation of industrial production due to the lack of water resources, in recent years, an important task of Shijiazhuang Agriculture Bureau is to constantly adjust crop structure and find drought-resistant crop varieties. A person in charge of the planting department of Shijiazhuang Agricultural Bureau introduced that the planting area of drought-tolerant crops such as cold-tolerant small grains such as oil sunflower and beans is increasing. This year is nearly 50 thousand mu more than last year. In order to reduce water consumption, some mountainous areas change wheat and corn into spring corn.

For a long time, in order to ensure urban water supply, Shijiazhuang has been sacrificing ecological water and agricultural water, and the advantages of agricultural follow-up industries are difficult to play. A direct consequence of over-exploitation of groundwater is that agriculture that relies on groundwater irrigation becomes particularly vulnerable in dry years.

According to the data provided by Shijiazhuang Water Affairs Bureau, especially since this year, the average precipitation is nearly 60% less than the same period of normal years, and the two medium-sized reservoirs, Nanping Wang and Xiaguan, are close to the dead water level. Of the 23 1 small reservoirs, more than 180 have dried up, and the groundwater depth in plain well irrigation area reached 39.2 1m, down 1.54m compared with the same period of last year. There are nearly 24,000 agricultural wells that are seriously short of water, of which more than 4,600 are scrapped, and normal irrigation cannot be guaranteed.

plan

Water intake in Shijiazhuang is equivalent to 12 large and medium-sized reservoirs.

Shijiazhuang is eager for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. As early as 200 1, Shijiazhuang compiled the Report on Urban Water Resources Planning of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Shijiazhuang, and determined that the initial annual water allocation in Shijiazhuang was 723 million cubic meters, and the long-term annual water allocation was 945 million cubic meters. In 2003 and 2006, after two adjustments, the initial water transfer index was finally adjusted from 723 million cubic meters to 782 million cubic meters.

This is equivalent to the water consumption of 12 large and medium-sized reservoirs such as Gangnan and Huangbizhuang in Shijiazhuang City, which can basically meet the water shortage requirements of urban life and industry, and make up for the water shortage gap of 10 billion per year. Wei Zhimin introduced that this 782 million water will be directly used for urban people's life and industrial water.

The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project supplies water to cities, towns and industries, and its benefits include satellite towns, Jinzhou, Xinle, Pingshan, Yuanshi and Zhaoxian around the provincial capital cities such as Zhengding, Gaocheng, Luancheng, Luquan and Zhengding New District, as well as a number of county (city) central towns. Wei Zhimin said, "Almost half of the population benefited from it."

Shijiazhuang City, the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, with a total length of123km. The supporting project relies on two skeletons of "one vertical (central main canal) and one horizontal (Jin Shi main canal)". Through 17 water pipeline, 25 water plants and water distribution network projects, water supply to urban areas, along main canals and east 13 counties (cities) will be realized.

Li Huiming, director of Shijiazhuang Water Affairs Bureau Office, said that by 2030, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project will allocate 945 million cubic meters of water in Shijiazhuang, which is equivalent to the construction of two large and medium-sized reservoirs 100 and more small reservoirs100. "Not only is the water quality good, but the water supply process is also very stable. The urban life and industrial water demand in the urban area will be basically met. "

Benefit from

Industry, agriculture and ecology will all change.

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project will free Shijiazhuang's industrial economic development from the shackles of water shortage, thus creating opportunities for the development of more industries. Wei Zhimin said that the supply of groundwater is not sufficient, and the water pumped by pumping wells is getting less and less. It is difficult for some enterprises to guarantee the water consumption at a certain production stage. The water from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is uniformly distributed by water plants, which obviously improves the guarantee rate of industrial water use.

After the completion of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, Shijiazhuang High-tech Development Zone will become an important water receiving area. The surface water plant will be built in two phases, with a daily output of10.5 million tons per phase.

The first phase of the old water plant will be put into use together with the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. "After the completion, the underground wells of the old water plant will be reserved for standby, and the self-prepared wells of enterprises will be gradually stopped." Fan said. Considering the development of the southern high-tech zone after the expansion, the second phase water plant is expected to be completed and put into use in 2020.

Not only the high-tech zone, but also the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project supplies water to Shijiazhuang Equipment Manufacturing Base, Western Ecological New District, Luquan Green Island Torch Development Zone and Zanhuang Wumashan Industrial Zone.

At the same time, it is also beneficial to agriculture in Shijiazhuang. Gai Ruijie, deputy director of the Water Resources Management Office of Shijiazhuang Water Affairs Bureau, said that after the implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, South Water has effectively solved the problems of safe drinking water, agricultural production conditions and production environment in rural areas in Shijiazhuang's water-receiving area by replacing the long-term agricultural water squeezed by towns and industries.

A person in charge of the South-to-North Water Diversion Office in Shijiazhuang once said that after the implementation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, most of the water sources will be directly used for local production and life, and a number of green characteristic agricultural bases such as jujube, pomegranate and chestnut in Yuanshi County will have more room for development.

Wei Zhimin also said that although the water from the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is not directly used for agriculture and ecology in Shijiazhuang, it is used for urban residents and industrial water to replace over-exploited groundwater, which is indirectly beneficial to agricultural irrigation and groundwater ecology. After the South-to-North Water Transfer Project passes through the water, some self-provided wells are gradually shut down, and the main canal of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project located in the West Third Ring Road will become a new water source in Shijiazhuang. At the same time, Gangnan and Huangbizhuang reservoirs, as important water sources in Shijiazhuang, will also be used as backup water sources to irrigate farmland, which also reduces the over-exploitation of groundwater.

Wei Zhimin said that water supply provides conditions for groundwater conservation and the closure of self-provided wells, which will effectively protect groundwater ecology.

■ Reporter's Notes

Transfer water or treat the symptoms rather than the root cause.

Shijiazhuang, which is short of water, is often listed as a water-saving demonstration city, with many advanced water-saving titles, and the sewage reuse rate of many enterprises is in the forefront of the country.

After the water is supplied, 782 million Yangtze River water will quench Shijiazhuang's thirst. However, Gai Ruijie, deputy director of the Water Resources Office of Shijiazhuang Water Affairs Bureau, feels that the task of saving water is even heavier. "Every drop of water is hard to come by, so cherish it."

He began to think of ways to do this work well and make better use of this "782 million". He feels that there is still a long way to go to publicize water conservation to the public.

Wei Zhimin, a water conservancy expert, said that although the water shortage of more than one billion yuan has been largely filled, it must be recognized that for Shijiazhuang, water transfer is not the fundamental way to solve the water shortage, and the protection of agricultural water and water ecology has not been solved. "How to save water is still very important. It is necessary to establish the consciousness that water is the source of life, otherwise it is futile to adjust more water."

From textbooks, I have more or less been exposed to how to save water. For example, the water for washing clothes is used to flush toilets, and the water for washing vegetables is used to water flowers. Many things are easy, but how many people can really do it?

It is said that there is a shortage of water resources in Shijiazhuang, but the people's draught is hardly affected, and they have no idea about the underground funnel area and have no strong sense of water shortage crisis. Wei Zhimin suggested that the issue of water conservation should be written into primary school textbooks, and the awareness of water conservation should be instilled imperceptibly from the doll.

Besides saving water, we should explore more ways to solve the water shortage problem in Shijiazhuang. Wei Zhimin said how to recycle sewage and wastewater and rainwater. Wei Zhimin said that if this part of water can be used, water resources will be recycled well. This is a problem that every city that benefits from the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should consider. Water transfer cannot fundamentally solve the problem of water shortage. Water resources cannot be considered abundant just because of water transfer. Only by saving water and using wastewater can the problem of water shortage be fundamentally solved.