What are the pests and diseases in Xinyang rice fields in Henan Province?

This year, the rice planting area in our city is 6.8 million mu. Mainly high-quality hybrid rice, such as You Gang, Liangyou series and D excellent series. According to the variety layout of autumn harvest crops this year, the current growth of autumn harvest crops and the occurrence of pests and diseases in our city, as well as the weather trend in summer and autumn in our city, combined with the comprehensive analysis and prediction of the occurrence law of major pests and diseases of local autumn harvest crops over the years, it is predicted that there will be more rice pests and diseases in our city in the middle and late 2009. Among them, the main pests and diseases such as rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, Chilo suppressalis and sheath blight will still reappear, and if the weather is suitable, false smut and rice blast will have potential epidemic threats, and bacterial blight will reappear in some low-lying waterlogged areas and old epidemic areas. It is estimated that the occurrence area of various rice diseases and insect pests in the city is 1.690-2665438+ 10,000 mu. The occurrence characteristics are as follows: insects are more serious than diseases, with the first generation Chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller, seedling rot and sheath blight as the main diseases in the early stage, and the second generation Chilo suppressalis, sheath blight, ear neck blast, false smut, bacterial blight, second generation Chilo suppressalis and third generation Chilo suppressalis as the main diseases in the middle and late stage. The specific forecast is as follows: 1. Climate According to the forecast of the climate trend from June to August by the Municipal Agrometeorological Experimental Station, the total precipitation in the city from June to August is 450-600 mm, slightly more, with an average of 497 mm; The average temperature is slightly higher than the annual average temperature. Among them, the precipitation in June 100- 160mm is normal, with an average of154mm; The monthly average temperature is 24.5-25.5 degrees, which is normal, with an average of 24.2 degrees, and the monthly extreme maximum temperature is 35-37 degrees. The precipitation in July is slightly higher than the annual average, and the temperature is slightly lower. In August, the precipitation is slightly less and the temperature is slightly higher. Second, the occurrence trend of main rice pests and diseases (I) main pests 1, Chilo suppressalis: it is expected that the second generation will be biased, with an area of 1.20- 1.8 million mu. Basis: (1) The first generation was biased, covering an area of 2.27 million mu in the whole city. The density of insect population in the whole city was 985 per mu, and the highest was 9,470 per mu in Gushi (2-2). The prevention and control in the whole city is unbalanced, and the prevention and control in some areas is not timely or in place. The residual live insects per mu are high, and the serious rate of field moth damage is over 20%. According to the investigation in the suburbs of Gushi and Beiliu in mid-June, the damage rate of severe stem borers reached 365,438 0.5%. 2. Chilo suppressalis: The first generation is expected to be light, with an area of 250,000 mu; The second generation is light, with an area of 700- 1 10,000 mu; The third generation occurred moderately, mainly in fields with long growth period, late sowing and late ripening, covering an area of 8.5-1.25 million mu. According to the investigation in Gushi in mid-June, the average yield of insects per mu in the first generation was 73.3, with a maximum of 530. 3. Rice planthopper and rice leaf roller: Migratory pests are greatly influenced by southern insect sources. According to the forecast of National Agricultural Technology Center, migratory pests of rice in southern China are serious at present. It is predicted that the occurrence of rice planthopper will be large and local, with an area of 2.5-4.2 million mu. Rice leaf roller is locally recurrent, covering an area of 2.3-4 million mu. Basis: There are a large number of insects in the south this year, and there is a lot of precipitation in our city from June to August, which is beneficial to the migration and harm of these two insects. (2) Main disease 1, sheath blight: It is expected to occur more often, and some fields with poor sun exposure, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium deficiency, long-term deep irrigation and closed growth will reappear, covering an area of 2-3.5 million mu in the whole city. Rice sheath blight is the main disease of rice in our city. In recent years, the occurrence area has increased year by year, and the harm has gradually increased. In addition, there are many white stubble fields in winter in our city, and the amount of bacteria in the fields has accumulated. Due to the large planting area and excessive fertilization of super rice in our city, the rice fields grow green and well, especially some fields have too much nitrogen fertilizer, improper water management and too deep irrigation; In addition, since June, the continuous low temperature and rainy weather in our city has contributed to the occurrence of diseases and the diseases have developed rapidly. According to the weather trend forecast, the future climate conditions are also conducive to its occurrence. According to the investigation in Gushi County in mid-June, the average incidence rate was 8.65%, and the average disease rate was 5.7%. According to the investigation in Pingqiao Plant Protection Station in mid-June, the disease aggregation rate was 12%-52%, and the diseased plant rate was 1.38%-7.4%. 2. Rice blast: It is expected to occur moderately, and ear neck blast and grain blast will occur in some areas, with an area of 100- 1.7 million mu. Rice blast is one of the main diseases of rice in our city, which can occur in the whole growth period of rice. According to the weather forecast, the future climate conditions are more conducive to its occurrence. 3. Ustilaginoidea virescens: It is expected to occur moderately, with an area of 900-10.5 million mu. The disease is a typical climatic disease. If it rains for more than two days from heading to flowering, it will be beneficial to the occurrence of diseases. The longer the rainy weather lasts, the more serious the disease will be. According to the long-term weather trend forecast, there will be a little more precipitation in July and August in our city, which is beneficial to its occurrence. Yueyou 938, Liangyou Peijiu, Fengliangyou 1 and some japonica rice varieties with high susceptibility to diseases will easily occur. 4. Bacterial blight: It is expected to occur lightly, and some low-lying waterlogged fields and old epidemic areas will recur, covering an area of 500,000-900,000 mu. Basis: (1) Some counties and districts in our city are old endemic areas of rice bacterial blight, with a wide range of pathogens; (2) The main rice varieties planted in our city this year are You Gang, Ⅱ You and D You series, and these varieties have no obvious resistance to rice bacterial blight. (3) According to the weather forecast, there is a little more normal precipitation in July and August this summer, which is beneficial to the epidemic of the disease.