Ancient poetry translation, high score reward

There are many similar words, with the most famous translation

Du Fu

In August, the high autumn wind roared, rolling up the triple thatch on my house. Mao flies across the river and spreads across the outskirts of the river. The taller ones hang on the treetops, while the lower ones float around the pond.

The group of children in Nancun deceived me because I was old and weak, and I could not bear to face them as thieves. He hugged the grass and planted the bamboo, his lips were burnt and his mouth was dry and he couldn't breathe. When he came back, he leaned on his staff and sighed.

The wind in Russia makes the clouds dark, and the desert turns dark in autumn. The quilt has been as cold as iron for many years, and the delicate child is lying on it and is cracked inside. There is no drying place for the leakage at the bedside, and the rain is like numb feet and has not been stopped. Since my period is disordered and I don’t sleep much, how can I get wet all night long?

There are tens of thousands of mansions in Ande, which can shelter all the poor people in the world with joy. They are as peaceful as a mountain without being affected by wind or rain. Alas! When I suddenly see this house in front of my eyes, my house alone will be broken down and frozen to death!

In the second year of Qianyuan (759) of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, there was a famine in the Guanzhong area, and the people were in dire straits. In the autumn of this year, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Qinzhou (now Tianshui, Gansu), and then passed through Tonggu (now Chengxian, Gansu) to Sichuan. With the help of relatives and friends, he built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu, and lived a temporarily stable life. He felt happy and contented, so he sang about the spring rain, walked in search of flowers, and entertained the riverside with poetry and wine. Entertain yourself. However, this superficial comfort could not conceal his poverty, nor could it dilute his consistent concern for the country and the people. In the autumn of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761), a storm hit his hut, which once again woke him up from his romantic seclusion life, made him face reality, and made him sad, so he wrote this poem.

The title of the poem itself is very interesting. The hut is damaged by the autumn wind, why do you still need to "sing a poem"? What affects the poet's poetic sentiment?

The poem begins with description, which is completely realistic. First, write about the power of the autumn wind. Its "howling" is its momentum, and its "accomplishment" is to sweep away the thatch on the house. Then, write about your helpless situation. Facing this strong man of nature, you can only let it do what it does and watch your own thatch. Crossing the river, it flew high and hung on the treetops, and then sank low to the pond.

Faced with the violence of nature, the poet is relatively calm and even has some patience to appreciate it. But when faced with the naughty boy's "taking advantage of the situation", he really got angry. It truthfully writes about his gaffes, so candidly. Rather than being angry with the children, it is better to say that he is angry with himself. He hates that he is old, has no support in life, has accomplished nothing, and is of no use to the country or his family. Maybe I still blame myself for my lack of cultivation and being careless like children. In short, after being anxious, he became calm and gradually thought hard.

After the strong wind, black clouds come in. Needless to say, the autumn rain comes uninvited. The poet withdrew his sight, no longer paying attention to the changes in nature, but focused his mind on the hut where he lived. After years of poverty and homelessness, he couldn't even make a quilt, and even that quilt, which was as cold as iron, was torn by children who didn't sleep well. The house was full of leaks and there was no dry place, but the autumn rain continued regardless. What kind of life is this? The night is long and the poet has insomnia. And "I have been in chaos", I don't know how many nights there have been like this, what's the use of shedding tears on my lapels?

Suddenly, the poet stirred up from his meditation and shouted, "There are thousands of vast buildings, and the great shelter will make all the poor people in the world happy." At this time, ideals defeated reality, and will defeated sighs. Although he currently lacks a residence that is as safe as a mountain in weather conditions, if such a house suddenly appeared in front of him, which could warm the poor people in the world, he would rather stay in the hut alone and die of the cold! What kind of feeling is this? This is a feeling of helping the world by fully appreciating the sufferings of the people and understanding the warmth and warmth of the world, just like when he wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" in the midst of war and chaos.

This is an ancient poem in the form of a song. The continuous changes in rhyme and rhyme reflect the characteristics of the "song". The scattered combination of single lines of prose sentences and even long and short sentences also reflects the dynamic feeling of the "line". It is precisely because of the touch of reality and the inner desire that the poems can emerge naturally from the heart without any false modification. The whole poem is narrated first, then discussed and lyrical. It not only describes the poet's embarrassment of poverty and even anger, but also expresses the poet's broad mind, which is sincere and touching.

This poem can be divided into three stanzas. The first stanza has five lines, each rhyming, and the five flat-tone rhymes of "Hao", "Mao", "Jiao", "Shao" and "Ao" are heard in the wind. "The high autumn wind in August roars and rolls up the triple thatch on my house." It started quickly. The three words "wind roaring" have a loud sound, and reading it is like hearing the roar of the autumn wind. The word "anger" personifies the autumn wind, making the next sentence not only action-packed but also full of strong emotions. The poet finally built this thatched hut and just settled down, but the autumn wind roared in and rolled up layers of thatch, as if deliberately against him. How could the poet not be extremely anxious? The word "fly" in "The grass flies across the river and spreads across the countryside" closely follows the word "roll" in the previous sentence. The "rolled" thatch did not fall beside the house, but "fly" away with the wind and "fly" across the river. , and then "sprinkled" them scatteredly and like raindrops on the "river suburbs": "the tall ones hang on the forest tips" and are difficult to get down; "the lower ones float to the Shentan Col" and are also difficult to recover. "Rolling", "flying", "crossing", "sprinkling", "hanging" and "floating", one after another, the dynamics not only form a vivid picture, but also closely affect the poet's sight, setting the tone Touch the poet's heartstrings.

The genius of the poet is that he does not express his emotions abstractly, but embodies his emotions in objective descriptions. When we read these lines of poems, we clearly see a skinny old man in thin, shabby clothes, leaning on a cane, standing outside the house, watching eagerly as the roaring autumn wind rolls up the thatch on his house layer by layer, blowing it across the river. Go, scattered everywhere in the river suburbs; and his anxiety and resentment towards the wind-damaged house cannot help but arouse the roar in our hearts.

Five sentences in the second stanza. This is a development of the previous section and a complement to the previous section. The thatch written "Sajiangjiao" in the previous section cannot be taken back. Is there anything that can be recovered if it falls on flat ground? Yes, but they were taken away by the "Nancun group of children"! It is appropriate to pay attention to the five words "Bullying me because I am old and weak". If the poet is not "old and feeble", but is young and strong, he will naturally not be bullied like this. "You can bear to be a thief in front of me" means that you can bear to be a thief in front of me! This just expresses the poet's resentment at being bullied because he is "old and powerless". It is by no means really charging the "group of children" with "thieves" and having to go to the government to deal with the crime. Therefore, if "the lips are burnt and the mouth is dry and you can't breathe", there is nothing you can do. In the words of the poet "Wu Lang Again", this is exactly "I would rather have this than poverty"! If the poet had not been very poor, he would not have been so anxious about the strong wind blowing away the thatch; if the "group of children" had not been very poor, they would not have braved the strong wind to hold those worthless thatch. All this is the clue at the end. The lofty wish of "building thousands of buildings and sheltering poor people all over the world with joy" was born out of the reality of "poverty all over the world". "Returning and leaning on the staff and sighing" are summarized in one and two stanzas. Probably as soon as the poet heard the howling of the north wind, he was worried about the danger of the thatched hut that was not strong enough, so he went out with a stick. Only when the wind blew the hut apart and the thatch could not be taken back, did he have no choice but to walk home. "Leaning on the stick", of course, corresponds to "old and feeble". The word "自" in "自 sigh" is very painful! The poet could only sigh for himself when he suffered such an unfortunate experience, and did not arouse the sympathy and help of others, so the decline of the world's atmosphere was beyond words, so the content of his "sigh" was very profound! When his own house was in ruins, he had nowhere to stay, and he could not get sympathy and help from others, he clearly thought of countless poor people in similar situations.

The eight sentences in the third stanza describe the plight of a broken house and continuous rain. The two sentences "The wind in the sky fixes the color of the clouds, and the desert turns dark in autumn" use a large brush dipped in thick ink to render a gloomy and melancholy atmosphere, thereby highlighting the poet's gloomy and melancholy state of mind, while dense raindrops are about to fall from the deserted autumn sky. Sprinkling to the ground was already expected. The two sentences "The quilt has been as cold as iron for many years, and the delicate child is lying in bed and is cracked" cannot be written by an author who has not experienced poverty. It is worth noting that this is not only a sign that the quilt is old and torn, but also a preparation for the story below that the house is broken and leaking. In August in Chengdu, the weather is not "cold". It is precisely because "the bedside room leaks and there is no place to dry, and the rain is like hemp on the feet without stopping", so it feels cold. "Since my menstrual flow is chaotic and I have little sleep, how can I get wet all night long?" Two sentences, one vertical and one closed. At one point, it expands from the current situation to all the painful experiences since the Anshi Rebellion, from the precarious hut to a dilapidated country with frequent wars; at the other end, it returns to the reality of "long nights of wetness". Worrying about the country and its people, coupled with the "long night of being wet", how can one fall asleep? "He Youche" echoes the previous "Uncut", expressing the poet's eagerness to both stop the rain and look forward to dawn. And this mood was inspired by the difficult situation of a broken house and a leaky quilt. So from the personal difficult situation to the similar situation of other people, it is a matter of course, and it naturally transitions to the end of the poem.

"There are tens of thousands of vast buildings, and the poor people in the world are all happy. They are as safe as a mountain in the wind and rain." Seven-character sentences are used before and after, and nine-character sentences are used in the middle. The sentences are consecutively followed, and the expression is broad. Words about state of mind and pleasant emotions such as "Guangsha", "Millions of Rooms", "Dabi", "World", "Happy Face", "An Rushan", etc., have loud sounds, thus forming a sonorous and powerful rhythm. and the momentum of galloping forward, which accurately expresses the poet's unrestrained passion and fiery hope bursting out from the painful life experience of "no place to dry in the bedside room" and "how to get wet in the long night". This unrestrained passion and fiery hope are not enough to be sung, so I sighed, "Wow! When I suddenly see this house in front of my eyes, my house will be broken down alone and freeze to death!" The poet's broad mind and lofty ideals have reached this point. Show it vividly.

Belinsky once said: "No poet can become great because of himself and by describing himself, whether describing his own pain or describing his own happiness. Any great poet They are great because the roots of their pain and happiness extend deeply into the soil of society and history, because they are the organ and representative of society, the times, and mankind." Du Fu described himself in this poem. But when we read the last section, we know that he is not simply describing his own pain in isolation, but expressing the pain of the "poor people in the world" and the social problems by describing his own pain. Suffering, the suffering of the times.

If you don’t understand the content of his “sigh” deeply when you read “When I came back and leaned on my stick and sighed,” then it’s enough to read “Wow! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, my house will be broken down alone and frozen to death.” , it should be seen that he is not lamenting, losing sleep, or speaking out just because of his own misfortune! On an autumn night when violent winds and heavy rain struck mercilessly, the poet's mind was not only that "my hut was destroyed alone", but also that the huts of "the poor people in the world" were all destroyed... Du Fu's passionate feelings of concern for the country and the people and his lofty ideals that urgently demand to change the dark reality have been exciting the hearts of readers for thousands of years and have had a positive effect. An old friend brought chicken and millet and invited me to Tian's house. "This beginning seems to be like a note in a diary. An old friend "invited" and I "came". There is no exaggeration in the text, it comes immediately, simple and casual. This is exactly the kind of relationship between close friends without formalities. All possible forms. Inviting with "chicken millet" not only shows the unique flavor of the Tian family, but also shows the simplicity of hospitality. It is this kind of hospitality that does not involve formality and ostentation, and friends are often more open-minded. Open. This beginning is not very focused, calm and natural, but it is an excellent introduction to the life content that is about to unfold, showing the characteristics of the atmosphere, which needs to be further enriched and developed later.

"The green trees are close to the village, and the green mountains are sloping outside. "Walking into the village, I felt such a fresh and pleasant feeling. The first sentence of these two sentences is close to the surroundings, surrounded by green trees, and seems to be a unified world. Accompanying it makes the village not look lonely and shows a broad vista. The village is located in Pingchou and is connected to the green mountains, making people feel quiet and quiet. It is precisely because of the appearance of "Old Friend Village". In such a natural and social environment, the two words "opening a pavilion" seem to have been inadvertently written into the poem. , but the above two sentences describe the outdoor scene of the village. Here the narrator is drinking and talking in the house. When the window is opened, the outdoor scene is reflected indoors, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. I pay more attention to "talking about mulberry and hemp" and think of it as "no more words when meeting each other" (Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Farm"). It is true that one forgets about farming. Surrounded by green shade, it gives people a spacious and stretched feeling. It makes you feel more pastoral. Therefore, we can not only appreciate the stronger rural flavor and the atmosphere of labor production, but also seem to smell the scene. The earthy smell in the garden reflects the growth and harvest of crops, as well as the characteristics of the region and season. With the combination of these two sentences and the previous two sentences, the green trees, green hills, cottages, fields, and mulberry trees blend together harmoniously to form a harmonious composition. A beautiful and tranquil pastoral landscape, the laughter of the guests and the host's words about mulberry and hemp seem to linger in our ears. It is different from the pure fantasy of the Peach Blossom Land, but more realistic in the society of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In such a world, this poet who once lamented that "whoever is on the road is lying, and good friends are rare in the world", not only has he forgotten the setbacks encountered in political pursuits, the gains and losses of fame and fortune, but also the loneliness and depression in seclusion. Emotions were also thrown away. From his longing for the green mountains and green trees, from his drunken conversations with his friends, it seems easy to imagine that his thoughts have relaxed, and even his actions have become flexible and comfortable. The environment and atmosphere of the farm showed its conquering power here, making Meng Haoran seem to be a convert.

"On the Double Ninth Festival, I will still come to see chrysanthemums." Meng Haoran was deeply attracted by the farm life. Attracted, before leaving, he frankly expressed to the host that he would come back to see the chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival in the clear autumn air. In these two lines, the warmth of the old friend's treatment, the joy of being a guest, and the cordiality and harmony between the host and the guest were all reflected on the page. It can’t help but remind people of Du Fu’s “Suffering from Tianfu’s mud and drinking the beautiful Yan Zhongcheng”: “The moon rises and covers me, but I am still angry and asking for help. "Du Shitian's father left someone behind, and his words were urgent; Meng Shi made an appointment with an old friend again, and his words were relaxed and relaxed. The difference between Du's depression and Meng's tranquility may be a glimpse of some news from here. Don't laugh at the farmers who drink wine in the twelfth lunar month. , there will be plenty of food to entertain guests in the harvest year.

There are mountains and rivers, and there is no way out. Suddenly, the willows are dark green, the flowers are bright, and a village appears in front of you.

You are playing the flute, I am beating the drum, we are celebrating in groups, the Chunshe Festival is approaching, the common people wear plain clothes, and the simple ancient style is still preserved.

From today on, if you are allowed to ride on it. Wandering in the moonlight, I, a white-haired old man, also want to enjoy the night, leaning on a cane and knocking on the firewood door.

I think you should describe some details in more detail, such as: mountains and rivers. With the phrase "There is no way out for doubts, there are bright flowers and bright willows", you can use some good words and sentences to modify the mountains and the flowing water, and suddenly find the mountain village in front of you. It is necessary to vividly describe the poet's psychology. The poem begins with the scenery of the frontier fortress. In the autumn evening, the frontier fortress looks more desolate and desolate. The returning geese fly back to the south in groups, and there seems to be no nostalgia at all. It is intended to arouse people's feelings. In the midst of the sunset and smoke-filled mountains, there is an isolated city that has been closed for a long time. What is the life of the soldiers guarding the border in the isolated city? The general is drinking wine and thinking about the vast distance. Hometown, but the enemy has not been defeated, how can we return home? In the night when the frost falls and the flute plays sadly, no one can sleep.

The general's hair has turned white due to the protracted and hard work of the war, and the soldiers can't help but shed tears when they are wounded because they have guarded the poor border for a long time.

Obviously, this poem is about the inner depression of the border guards. Depression is due to not defeating the enemy and serving the country, rather than being depressed, so its style is gloomy and tragic.

The first thing that attracts attention is that the meaning of the words is like peeling a banana, with layers of depth. The scene in the first film contains two meanings in the first sentence. The scene is already desolate, and it becomes even more desolate when autumn comes. The geese didn't pay attention, and the people stayed because they had no choice, which makes the meaning of the first sentence even deeper. The phrase "the sound is rising from all sides" further deepens the sense of sadness from the auditory sense. The reader's emotions seem to tremble with the surrounding sounds. The two sentences "Qianzhangli" visually vividly depict the entire remote scene, making the reader feel as if they are actually there. The same goes for the lyricism of the next film. "A glass of dirty wine can lead to thousands of miles", which shifts from writing about the details of people's lives to portraying the inner feelings of the characters. It is not easy to return from a "home thousands of miles away", but it is even more hopeless to return "before the end of time". It’s really like “raising a glass to relieve sorrow and make it worse.” The time turned from dusk to late night. What the person in the poem sees is severe frost on the ground, and what he hears is the Qiang flute ringing in his ears. Who can sleep? Going deeper, I finally came up with such a profound and gripping sentence as "The general's gray hair and husband's tears".

Secondly, the artistic conception of the words is both typical and original. Just say these two sentences: "Thousands of miles away, the long smoke sets and the sun sets, and the city is closed." These two sentences alone are comparable to the famous "Chile Song", although they are based on different materials. The great poet Du Fu once wrote a beautiful line about "the isolated city has long closed its doors", but the power of it seems not as powerful as Fan's poem. If we experience everything from the previous film, as soon as we close our eyes, we will really see the lonely city in the words. It was a sparsely populated frontier with overlapping bare mountain peaks, wisps of green smoke floating in the sky, and solemn horns and chaotic sounds echoing in the surrounding areas. The sun has not yet put away its golden afterglow. Looking from a distance, a lonely city on the mountainside has already closed its gate. Doesn't this look like an artistic photography of a medieval frontier scene? The artistic conception of the next film is equally moving. It mainly consists of human activities. To put it simply, the white-haired general who served his country and his family fell into deep thought in front of the drunken wine. The soldiers wandered in the cold night, and the tears on their faces showed their inner anguish. This state of mind is typical in reflecting the special historical stage of the Northern Song Dynasty when the dynasty was cowardly and foreigners relied on their mausoleums. There is an explanation of this poem written by Huang Tingjian.

In the Song Dynasty, when Su Shi's disciples Huang Tingjian and Chao Buzhi continued to move forward in the direction pointed out by Su Shi, the aloof and aloof Yan Jidao still followed the "Huajian" tradition inherited by his father Yan Shu , sticking to Xiao Ling's position, writing about the soul-stirring joys and sorrows of men and women. However, Yan Jidao's words do not repeat the realm of flowers, but create a new artistic world.

The love affairs written by poets in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty are often generalized love affairs without specific objects of love, while the love affairs written in Yan Jidao's "Xiaoshan Ci" have clear and specific objects of love, and the important thing is to express them. The joys and sorrows between him and his friend Uncle Shen Lian, and the four singing girls Lian, Hong, Ping and Yun from the Long family of Chen Jun. In his poems, he often directly wrote the names of the singers he longed for: "Xiao Lian came out of Yaochi in a storm", "Earned Xiao Hong's eyebrows and frown", "Remember Xiao Qian's first meeting", "Speaking to Xiaoyun's new hatred also lowers her eyebrows" and so on.

There is a clear object of love in Xiaoshan's poems, and the emotions are also very sincere. Yan Jidao was persistent and infatuated. Even though the four singers moved around the world, knowing that they would never see each other again, he still fell in love with each other deeply. It does not express the joy of having love, but recalls the lost past love and expresses unforgettable lovesickness, and regards love as a purely spiritual pursuit. This has become a major feature of Yan Jidao's love poems. For example, "Linjiang Fairy" was written in memory of the singer Xiaoping:

After the dream, the tower is high and locked, and the curtain is low when drunk. Last year, spring regret came. The falling flower man is independent, and the wisps fly together.

I remember when we first met Xiao Ping, Luo Yi had a double heart. The pipa strings speak of lovesickness. The bright moon was there at that time, and it once illuminated the colorful clouds.

The structure of Xiaoshan's love poems is always based on the two different emotional worlds of the past and present, the warm memories of the past and the depressed lovesickness of the present.

The unswerving pursuit of love is almost the main spiritual sustenance of Yan Jidao's life. Although he was the son of Prime Minister Yan Shu, his family was in a poor state. He only worked as a minor official in Xutian Town in his life, and he was inevitably poor and abject. But he was aloof and arrogant by nature and refused to rely on powerful people. Even Su Shi wanted to see him but refused to see him. He was also poor at making a living. The real society is indifferent and ruthless, so we have no choice but to find self-comfort and sustenance for our souls. He once talked about his creative psychology, saying that he was cautious and compromised, and sometimes he did not avoid being blamed by others.

On the one hand, he uses the pursuit of love to build an aesthetic emotional world that is completely different from real life, so as to eliminate the loneliness and depression that cannot be escaped in real life. The sense of life experience is placed in the joys and sorrows between men and women and the frustration and depression of women. It can be expressed happily without incriminating others. For example, the arrogant and desolate singer who "doesn't give up her heart to the wandering man" is probably the poet's self-portrait, and "I have no beautiful poems when I die in the east field, and I rarely have friends with you after I leave. It's easy to remember the past." The old Wang Jian "Now, I can still see the poet praising me", which expresses his emotions directly after he is well versed in the ups and downs of the world.

Due to separation from the four singing girls who were passionately in love, Yan Jidao often created dreams to relive the sweetness of past love.

Or in the dream, you can pursue "the dream soul is used to being unconstrained, and walks on the willow flowers to cross the Xieqiao" or "I can see her all the time in the fierce miles" tonight's dream, etc. The colorful and dreamlike artistic realm is the distinctive feature of Xiaoshan Ci.

The style of Xiaoshan Ci is characterized by lightness of speech and deep affection. He is good at using plain language and common scenery to express unusual affection. Such as "Youth Travel"

The best thing is to be away from many things, and the east and west are flowing, and they will eventually meet again. The shallow love finally seems like a wandering cloud, still in the dream soul.

Poor people's wishes are thinner than clouds and water, and a good meeting is even more difficult. If you think about it carefully, you will find that there are many places where the heart has been broken, which is not the same as the others.

Clouds and water are two extremely common objects, but the poet creatively and vividly expresses his deep love for the other person even though he knows that the other person's love is shallow and weak, but he is still persistently in love with him from different angles.

Talking words are the best way to express deep feelings, and they often benefit from the syntax of a layer of connotation in the sentences outside the words. The words are short but the feelings are long, and the feelings are deep and deep.

In the late Northern Song Dynasty, in addition to Liu Yong and Su Shi, "Huajian Collection" was also an artistic model pursued by poets. Yan Jidao's poems are colorful but not vulgar, and they are both shallow and profound. From the two levels of linguistic precision and emotional depth, he has pushed the art of erotic poems since "Flower Room Collection" to the extreme. Apart from Zong Liuxuesu, he was unique and added the same style to the Northern Song Dynasty Ci poetry circle.

People in the Qing Dynasty commented on Xiaoshan Ci: all the plain words have flavor, and all the simple words have meaning.