How is thunderstorm weather formed?

The formation of thunderstorms should meet certain conditions, that is, there should be enough water vapor in the air, the power to make wet air rise, and the air should be able to produce strong convection movement. In spring and summer, due to the influence of warm and humid airflow in the south, the air is humid and the solar radiation is strong. The air near the ground is constantly heated up, and the upper cold air sinks, which is easy to form strong convection, so there are many thunderstorms and even hail.

In winter, controlled by the continental cold air mass, the air is cold and dry, the solar radiation is weak, and the air is not easy to form violent convection, so thunderstorms rarely occur.

1. In summer, the evaporation rate of water vapor in direct sunlight on the ground is higher than that in other seasons, so the air temperature near the ground is higher, so there will be more water vapor. The smaller the air density, the lighter the air will become, and the lighter the air will continue to rise. With the increase of altitude, the temperature will gradually drop, the air will gradually get cold, and it can't contain rich water vapor. Some water vapor will form small drops and clouds will appear in the sky.

2. Because the water droplets are too small, the hot air in the riser also drags them, pushing the suspended water droplets higher and the clouds will accumulate more and more. Because the small water droplets in the cumulonimbus cloud constantly collide to form larger water droplets, when they begin to fall, they rise from the ground, hot air rushes up on the solid net, and the friction between them is charged, while the rising airflow is positively charged and the falling water droplets are negatively charged.

3. As time goes by, the cumulonimbus cloud has a lot of positive charges at the top and a lot of negative charges at the bottom. When the water drops in the cloud are getting bigger and bigger, the hot air in the updraft can't stand it. When it falls from the cloud, the hot air in the lower layer will become cold and fall directly from the ground. At this time, the charge began to discharge, accompanied by thunderous thunder.

Because lightning is faster than thunder, people first see lightning and then hear thunder. Sometimes thunder is caused by clouds and peaks reflecting thunder on the ground.

Extended data:

General knowledge of security

Rainfall is often accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation, thunderstorms and strong winds. The public should pay attention to closing doors and windows to prevent lightning from directly hitting the room or preventing the invasion of side flash and ball lightning.

Shower, solar water heater, etc. Should not be used, because the water pipe connection has lightning protection measures, lightning current may be conducted through water flow; Before the thunderstorm comes, disconnect the power cord and unplug the power plug, so as not to let lightning such as TV sets and computers enter the room, damage electrical appliances and even cause fire accidents;

Don't pull the wires used to dry clothes and bedding to the window or door, in case the wires lead to lightning.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-thunderstorm