Chaohu river system

Chaohu Lake is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River system. Lake water is mainly supplied by surface runoff, with a basin area of 12938 square kilometers, including 9 130 square kilometers above Chaohu sluice and 3808 square kilometers below sluice. The scope of water intake includes Hefei, Chaohu, Feidong, Feixi, Lujiang, Shucheng and Wuwei counties. The irrigation area is more than 4 million mu.

There are 35 rivers along the lake. Among them, the larger rivers are Hangbu River, Baishi Tianhe River, Paihe River, Nanfei River, Yangyang River, Gaozhe River and Zhaohe River. The rivers entering the lake are centripetal, and the source of the river is short, and the terrain in the area is uneven, showing the characteristics of a mountain stream river.

The distribution of Chaohu Lake water system is very asymmetric. Major rivers such as Hangbu River, Baishi Tianhe River, Paihe River, Nanfeihe River, Suiyang River and Gaozhe River all come from the western and northern mountainous areas, among which Hangbu River, Baishi Tianhe River and Nanfeihe River are the mainstream of Chaohu Lake system, accounting for about 70% of the entire Chaohu Lake basin area. The rivers in the south are short and have less water, such as Shishan River, Gusheng River, Zhaohe River, Shizi River and Gaolin River. The water of Chaohu Lake system flows into the lake from the south, west and north, then flows out of the lake in the chengguan of Chaohu City, flows to the Yuxi Estuary through the southeast of Yuxi River, and flows into the Yangtze River. Nanfeihe River, originating from Changgang Township, Feixi County, flows into Chaohu Lake through Dongpu Reservoir, Hefei, Jianhua, Geng Wei, TangXiaoying, Yangdun, Sanchahe, Banqiao and Shikou, with a total length of 65 kilometers and a drainage area of 16 18.5 square kilometers. Among them, Wuhu Luqiao in Hefei is navigable for 30 kilometers to Shikou, which is the only waterway in Hefei. Nanfeihe River has 13 tributaries, and the main tributaries are Lisi River, Shangbanqiao River, Dianbu River and Changle River.

Paihe River, which originates from Zhougong Mountain and Liling Mountain in the middle of Feixi County, flows through Chengxi Bridge, Upper Pai, Middle Pai and Lower Pai from northwest to southeast and flows into Chaohu Lake, with a total length of 48.9 kilometers and a drainage area of 584.6 square kilometers. The upper reaches of the riverbed are narrow and sharp, and the lower reaches are wide and slow. The water depth in dry season is 1m, and the main tributaries are Kulu River, Shutou River, Wanglaoyan River, Gunzi River and Gugeng River, mostly seasonal rivers. It is sent to the estuary for sailing all the year round.

Hangbu River is a natural river. Originated in the main bookstore in Yuexi County, it flows from southwest to northeast through Longhekou and Majiahekou in Shucheng County to Jiangjundang, and then flows down at Wangsi via Jingguanghan Bridge in Lujiang County (Feixi County is on the left bank), then flows into Fengle River in Datan Bay and Huixin River into Chaohu Lake, with a total length of 139 km. The basin covers an area of 2070 square kilometers (excluding Fengle River).

Baishi Tianhe, also known as Baishan River, originated in Jinniu hilly area in the north of Lujiang River, flowed northeast into Niushou River of Sancha River, then turned right into Luobu River, and flowed into Chaohu Lake via Nanling North, with a total length of 57 kilometers and a drainage area of 843 square kilometers. Baishi Tianhe is a natural and sandy river. 36 kilometers from the tip of the mountain to Shitou Town is called Jinniu River. The 2 1 km from Shitou Town to Baishan River Estuary is called Baishan River, with shallow and narrow channels and serious sediment loss in the upper reaches.

Zhao He is an artificial river. Formerly known as Caohe River, also known as Zaohe River and Mawei River, the total length is 13.6 km. Records of Li En slowing down Chaohu Lake and its tributaries in Qing Dynasty; Zaohe River is located in Mawei Hanoi, Chaoxian County, which can be connected for more than ten miles. Opened by Cao Cao, the water entered the nest.

Gaozhe River, named Liang Shi River in Tang and Song Dynasties, was renamed Gaozhe River with the prosperity of Gao Zhe Town. Originated in Luo Cha, Shandong Province, it flows through Gao Zhe Town and flows into Chaohu Lake in Hekou Village, with a total length of 37 kilometers. It is a plain river, with Xiage River and Middle River passing along it, with a drainage area of 540 square kilometers.

Fengle River, called Taoxi in ancient times, was called Houhe in Qing Dynasty, also known as He Jie. Total length 1 17.5 litigation, with a drainage area of 2080 square kilometers. There are three sources: south, north and middle, all of which come from Lu 'an. At first, it meets Hangbu River, then extends eastward, meets in Datan Bay and flows into Chaohu Lake.

Zhao He, Tang Chuan is located in the northeast of Lujiang County, from south to north. It is a hub waterway connecting Huangpi Lake, Baihu Lake and Chaohu Lake. The river is divided into three sections: the section from Xiaqiao to Baihu is about 5 kilometers, which is called Tangchuan River (formerly known as Daxia, Ma Xian, Huangcaogou and Tang Que River); The section from Tangchuan River to Laoshan neck is called Xinhe River (a newly opened river after reclamation of Baihu Lake), which runs vertically through Baihu Farm and is 15km long. The section from Laoshan neck to Mawei estuary is called Zhaohe River (formerly known as Zaohe River, which is an artificial river), with a total length of12km, which is the dividing line between Lujiang River and Chaoxian County. The tributary Longhe (also known as the Scenic Bridge River) originates from Erjiaozi Mountain and flows into Zhao He from west to east via Shengqiao Town, with a length of 2 1.5km and a catchment area of 85km2. The source of Shungang River rises from the foot of the ancient Shandong, crosses a mirage and enters the new river via Dongwan, with a length of 1 1 km. The east ring tail river of Baihu Lake surrounds Dong Dawei, and its north and south ends meet the new river respectively, with a total length of 2 1.3km. The Weihe River in the west ring surrounds the west Dawei, and the north and south ends meet the new river respectively, with a total length of 23 kilometers. The Weihe River around the east and west is not only a spillway and shipping line, but also a boundary river between Baihu Farm and surrounding counties.

Gusheng River, crossing Xu Qiao Township of Lujiang County, originates from the unnamed mountain near the memorial archway. It is an independent river that flows into Chaohu Lake from southwest to northeast, with a total length of 8 kilometers. 1949, 65438+ 10, 1, the fish resources in Chaohu Lake were investigated three times. 83 species of fish specimens were collected from 1963, 67 species from 1973 and 78 species from 1980. By the 1990s, there were 94 species of fish in Chaohu Lake, belonging to 20 families of 1 order.

The main famous aquatic products in Chaohu Lake are whitebait, white shrimp and lake crab, which are known as the "Three Freshness of Chaohu Lake". In addition, among the fish resources, silver carp is dominant in fishery production in Chaohu Lake. Red carp, "four big fish", carp, crucian carp and other fish are all high-quality fresh species in Chaohu Lake.

1, whitebait

The whitebait produced in Chaohu Lake is mainly whitebait and whitebait in Taihu Lake, and there are also a few whitebait in the Yangtze River. Whitebait is a kind of settled fish in Chaohu Lake, which was called "residual fish", "king fish" and "small white" in ancient times. The whitebait in Chaohu Lake has always been known as the "queen of fish". It is not only good in body color, but also soft, tender and delicious, rich in nutrition, and deeply loved by consumers at home and abroad. Before 1970s, Chaohu Lake produced 50 ~ 80 tons of whitebait every year. In the late 1970s, due to the adjustment of fishing season, the reform of fishing gear fishing method and the protection of spawning parent fish, the resources of whitebait increased year by year, with an output of 275 tons in 1985. Chaohu whitebait frozen small packages are also exported to Germany, the United States, Japan and other countries.

2. Lake Boniteau

It is an important small economic fish in Chaohu Lake, which has always occupied a large proportion in the total fish production in Chaohu Lake. Lake mackerel swims very fast, and its meat is tender, fat but not greasy, which is different from shad. June-July is the peak season for the breeding of lake bonito. Young fish grow very fast, and they can grow into adults in about three months, so the fishing yield is mainly concentrated in two months: 10, 1 1. Except for a small amount of fresh food, most lake carp are dried and sold all over the country.

3. Crouching Tiger and Red Fish

Erythroculter ilishaeformis is the dominant species of large-scale economic fish in Chaohu Lake, accounting for 38 ~ 50% of the total output of large-scale fish in Chaohu Lake, and it is the main fish that constitutes the output of large-scale fish in Chaohu Lake. Since the 1960s, the resources of "white fish" have been significantly reduced due to "cold fishing and excessive fishing". After the establishment of Chaohu Development Company, a lot of research work has been done to improve the output of "white fish". The artificial propagation of "White Fish" was successful in 198 1 year, which opened up a new way for the proliferation of "White Fish" resources and the development of aquatic products in Chaohu Lake.

4. lake crab

Lake crab, the scientific name of Eriocheir sinensis, also known as Eriocheir sinensis, commonly known as "crab" and "hairy crab", is one of the precious aquatic products in Chaohu Lake. Before the sluice was built in Chaohu Lake, a large number of Eriocheir sinensis seedlings entered the lake through Yuxi River every spring. Since the establishment of Yuxi Gate and Chaohu Gate in 1960s, young crabs have been banned from entering Chaohu Lake. Since 1972, Chaohu Development Company has artificially released crab seedlings and young crabs to Chaohu Lake every year, so that the lake crab of Chaohu Lake can still maintain a certain output. Due to the depletion of crab seedling resources in the Yangtze River estuary, the production of lake crab in Chaohu Lake is on the verge of crisis. In 1980s, aquatic science and technology workers made great breakthroughs in artificial breeding of crab seedlings, especially the success of artificial breeding of freshwater crab seedlings by Chuxian Fisheries Research Institute, which brought vitality to the production of lake crab in Chaohu Lake. The annual crab production in Chaohu Lake was about1500,000 ~ 300,000 kg.

5. Beautiful white shrimp

Beautiful white shrimp, commonly known as white shrimp in Chaohu Lake, is a treasure in Chaohu Lake aquatic products, accounting for more than 80% of the shrimp composition in Chaohu Lake, and is a dominant population. The white shrimp shell is soft and delicious. Because it is distributed in the open water lake area, it has high yield and is an important bait for many fish in Chaohu Lake. The annual catch of white shrimp in Chaohu Lake is about one million Jin. In 1960s, Chaohu white shrimp was transported to the international market. Chaohu white shrimp can be processed into dried shrimp and dried shrimp, and the seeds of white shrimp can be processed into shrimp seeds. Shrimp is also called lake rice, and Chaohu Lake is one of the main producing areas of lake rice in China. There are paddy fields and marshes in a large polder along the Chaohu Lake. The dominant species in winter and spring are fan-tailed pheasant, crested pheasant and red-footed stork. White-backed sandpiper, forest sandpiper, green-footed sandpiper, sandpiper, black-footed sandpiper, pointed-tailed sandpiper and red-billed gull are common species; Heron, great egret, red-spotted duck, gray-spotted pheasant, large sand pheasant and needle-tailed sand pheasant are rare species. In summer, pond herons are common, and occasionally small egrets, sword herons and grey-headed chickens can be seen. In normal weather, there are a lot of waterfowl activities in the shallow water area of bare lake beach, but there are not many species, with ring-necked plover and red-billed gull as the dominant species; Heron, fan-tailed sand pheasant, partridge and seagull are common species; Yellow owl and pheasant are rare species. When the wind and waves are strong, there are few waterfowl activities in the lake beach and shallow water area. In summer, due to more and more rain, the amount of water entering the lake surged, the lake rose obviously, and the area of the lake beach decreased sharply. Only a large number of golden sandpipers and a small number of sandpipers can be seen on the limited exposed lake beach. In the reeds, only a large number of reed warblers are seen, and occasionally reeds are seen. There are few waterfowl in the lake area, and only a few ducks are occasionally seen. However, during the migration of ducks, a large number of wild ducks can be seen moving on the lake. In winter, there are a large number of red-billed gulls and silver gulls wintering in the lake area, especially in the tributaries of the lake bay.