Does anyone have a composition about Qingming Festival of about 400 words, with narration included in the content?

Customs of the Qingming Festival

The customs of the Qingming Festival are rich and interesting. In addition to banning fires and sweeping tombs, there are also outings, swings, Cuju, playing polo, planting willows, etc. A series of custom sports activities. According to legend, this is because cold food and fire are forbidden during the Qingming Festival. In order to prevent cold food and cold meals from harming the body, everyone comes to participate in some sports activities to exercise. Therefore, in this festival, there are both the sadness and tears of paying respects to new graves and the laughter of outings. It is a unique festival.

[Grave-sweeping] Tomb-sweeping during the Qingming Festival is called "respecting the times" for ancestors. Its custom has a long history. "On the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" of the Ming Dynasty records: "On Qingming Day in the third month, men and women sweep the tombs, carry the statues, hang ingots on the backs of the sedans and horses, and the streets are filled with charms. Those who worship, those who pray, those who weep, those who weed and add soil to the tombs , burn ingots, and place paper money on the grave. If there is no paper money in sight, the grave will be lonely. After crying, you will go to the fragrant tree, sit in the garden, and get drunk. "In fact, tomb-sweeping existed before the Qin Dynasty. , but not necessarily during the Qingming Festival. Tomb-sweeping during the Qingming Festival was a matter after the Qin Dynasty. It did not become popular until the Tang Dynasty. "Qing Tong Li" says: "On the New Year's Day, during Cold Food and Frost's Descent Festivals, people pay homage to the tomb sweepers. During the period, they go to the tomb in plain clothes, equipped with wine and food and a tool for cutting grass and trees. They seal the trees and cut off the wattle grass, so it is called tomb sweeping." And it has been passed down to this day.

According to long-standing customs, in the old days, most Beijingers would sweep tombs during the Qingming Festival. However, the ceremony was not held on the day of the Qingming Festival, but on an "odd" day close to the Qingming Festival. It is said that only monks visit tombs on Qingming Day.

The Qingming Festival sweeping ceremony should be held in person at the tomb site. However, because each family’s economic and other conditions are different, the method of sweeping the memorial ceremony is also different.

"Burning baggage" is the main form of paying homage to ancestors. The so-called "baggage", also known as "package", refers to the parcel sent by filial piety from the Yang world to the "underworld". In the past, Nanzhi Store sold so-called "furoshiki", which was a large bag made of white paper. There are two forms: one is to use a woodblock board with the Sanskrit transliteration of the "Rebirth Mantra" printed around it, and a rosette tablet printed in the middle, which is used to write the name of the deceased person who received the money, such as: "The late Mr. Zhang's family name" The words "Master Yunshan" are both a postal package and a tablet. The other type is plain furoshiki, which does not have any pattern printed on it. It only has a blue label stuck in the middle and the name of the deceased can be written on it. Also used as main card.

There are many types of money in the baggage. 1. Big burning paper, 9K white paper, with four rows of round coins, five in each row; 2. Underworld banknotes, which were imitated after foreign money notes became available in the world, with the words "Bank of Paradise", "Bank of the Underworld", There are words such as "Bank of the Underworld" and the pattern of the capital city. Most of them are huge bills with the Buddhist "Rebirth Mantra" printed on the back; 3. Fake foreign money, with a hard paper core, wrapped with silver foil, and embossed with the currency that was popular at that time. The pattern is the same as a silver dollar; 4. The "Mantra for Rebirth" printed in red on yellow paper, shaped like a round coin, so it is also called "Money for Rebirth"; 5. Ingots and ingots made of gold and silver foil, some They also need to be threaded into strings and decorated with colored paper tassels at the bottom.

In the old days, everyone, rich or poor, would burn their baggage. On this day, a confession table is set up in the ancestral hall or the main room of the house, and the bundle is placed in the middle. Dumplings, cakes, fruits and other offerings are placed in front of it, and incense and candles are burned. After the whole family bows respectfully to the elder and the younger, it can be burned outside the door. When incineration, draw a large circle and leave a gap in the direction of the grave. Burning three or five pieces of paper outside the circle is called "sending away evil spirits".

Some wealthy households take their families and family members by car or sedan to visit the tombs in person to pay homage. At that time, the tomb should be repaired, or soil should be symbolically added to the tomb, and some paper money should be pressed on it to let others see it and know that there are descendants of this tomb. After the sacrifice, some people sit around to have a meal and drink; others fly kites and even compete with each other for entertainment. Women and children also need to fold some willow branches nearby and tie the removed steamed food offerings with wickers. Some people braid willow sticks into a basket shape and wear them on their heads, saying, "If you don't wear willow during Qingming Festival, you will become a yellow dog in the next life." This is both tomb-sweeping and outing, and we don’t return until we have exhausted our excitement.

[Inserting willows] It is said that the custom of inserting willows is also to commemorate the founder of farming, Shennong, who "taught the people how to farm". In some places, people put willow branches under the eaves to predict the weather. There is an old proverb that "willow branches are green when it rains; when willow branches are dry, the sky is sunny." During the Huang Chao uprising, it was stipulated that "the Qingming Festival will last for a period of time, and Dai Liu will be the number." After the failure of the uprising, the custom of wearing willows was gradually eliminated, and only inserting willows remained popular. Willows have strong vitality. As the saying goes: "If you plant flowers intentionally, they will not bloom, but if you plant willows unintentionally, they will create shade." Willows will live when they are inserted into the soil. Wherever they are inserted, they will live wherever they are inserted. Willows will be inserted year after year, and they will become shade everywhere.

There is another saying about planting willows during the Qingming Festival: It turns out that the Chinese regard Qingming, half July and the first day of October as the three major ghost festivals, when hundreds of ghosts appear and beg for help. In order to prevent the intrusion and persecution of ghosts, people plant willows and wear willows. Willow has the function of warding off evil spirits in people's minds. Influenced by Buddhism, people believe that willow can ward off ghosts, and are called "ghost-terrible trees." Avalokitesvara dips willow branches in water to save all living beings. Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in "Qi Min Yao Shu": "Putting willow branches on the door will prevent all ghosts from entering the house." Qingming is the Ghost Festival, and when willows germinate, people naturally plant willows to ward off evil spirits.

The Han people have a custom of "breaking willows to say goodbye": Baqiao is a bridge across the water in the east of Chang'an. Han people send guests to this bridge and break willows to say goodbye. Li Bai has a poem that goes: "The willows will turn green every year, and Baling will be sad to say goodbye."

"In ancient times, on both sides of the Baqiao Bridge in Chang'an, the embankment was ten miles long, with a willow per step. Many people going east from Chang'an came here to say goodbye, breaking willow branches as gifts to their relatives. Because "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, it means to stay. This kind of The custom originated from the book "The Book of Songs. Xiaoya. Picking Wei". Using willows to express the inseparability, unwillingness to leave, and willows are a symbol of spring. The swaying willows in spring always give people a sense of prosperity. "Breaking willows to say goodbye" contains the wish that "spring will always be there". It also means that the farewell of relatives is like leaving a branch. The willow branches will soon take root in new places, as if the willow branches can live anywhere. It is a kind of good wish for friends. Ancient poems also mentioned the matter of breaking willows and saying goodbye. Deyu's poem: "New knowledge breaks off willows as a gift"; Jiang Baishi's poem of Song Dynasty: "I fear there will be no green willow branches on other roads"; Guo Deng's poem of Ming Dynasty: "I see off travelers every year, and I break all the willows on the roadside in border towns." "Chen Weisong of the Qing Dynasty wrote a poem: "How many wicker sticks are left now? Awaiting discount. "Not only will people feel sad when they see willows, but they will also be moved away from home when they hear the song "Breaking Willows". Li Bai's "Hearing the Flute in Luo City on a Spring Night": "Hearing the broken willows in this nocturne, who can't feel the love of his hometown? "In fact, willows can have many symbolic meanings, and the ancients gave willows various emotions, so it is reasonable to borrow willows to express feelings.

[Dai Liu] Wearing willows during the Qingming Festival will bring willow branches. Some people braid a circle and wear it on their head, some scrape the young willow branches into flowers and insert them into their buns, and some people insert the willow branches directly into their buns. Tian Rucheng, Ming Dynasty, "Xihu Tour Zhiyu": Qingming, "Every house is covered with willows, which are cute and green, and men and women wear them." "Wuhu Ancient and Modern" by modern people: "In the early morning of the Qingming Festival, willows are sold in the market, and every family breaks a green willow and dips it in water." , and put it on the lintel, while women made willow balls and wore them on their temples."

Today, you can hear wicker selling along the street. Sisters meet each other next to each other, and one of them is inserted diagonally into the green clouds." Folk proverb says: "If you don't wear a willow during the Qingming Festival, you will become a beautiful woman." "If you don't wear a willow during the Qingming Festival, you will become a yellow dog after death." "If you don't wear a willow during the Qingming Festival, you will become a pig or dog in the next life." It shows that wearing a willow has the function of warding off evil spirits. The custom of wearing willows during the Qingming Festival can be seen everywhere.

"Huai'an County Chronicle" in the second year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty states: During the Qingming Festival, "willows are placed on the door, and both men and women wear them. The proverb goes: 'If you don't wear willows during the Qingming Festival, a beautiful woman will have a white head.'" In the Qing Dynasty, wearing willows was used to ward off evil spirits in most parts of our country, but in some places it has the meaning of commemorating the years. There is a saying that planting willows during the Qingming Festival "marks the years", and "if you don't wear willows during the Qingming Festival, a beautiful woman will become a bright head". . This custom is a remnant of the "cold food" crown ceremony in the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the time for adult men and women to wear hairpins was unified on the "Cold Food" festival, regardless of the year and month of birth. "All officials and people, regardless of their family size, whose children have not yet had hairpins, will go to the palace on this day." ("Meng Liang Lu") 》) Wearing Liu is a sign of adulthood. Based on this, later generations had the custom of "commemorating their beauty" and evolved into the custom of women wearing willow balls on their temples to pray for eternal beauty. Here, the green willow tree also symbolizes youth. When women wear Liu in spring, they show their cherishment and nostalgia for their youth.

[Swinging] In ancient times, there was a custom of swinging during Qingming Festival. Both the ancient characters "swing" and "swing" have the word "leather" next to them, and the character "qianzhi" means "moving away" by holding on to the leather rope. As early as ancient times, people created the activity of swinging during climbing in order to obtain food from high places. It was first called "Qianqiu". Legend has it that it was created by the Shanrong people in the north during the Spring and Autumn Period. It starts with just a rope, grasping the rope with both hands and swinging. Later, Duke Heng of Qi conquered the Shanrong tribe in the north and brought "Qianqiu" into the Central Plains. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Qianqiu" was used as a birthday wish in the palace, taking the meaning of "Qianqiu Wanshou". Later, to avoid taboos, the word "Qianqiu" was reversed to "Swing". Later it gradually evolved into a swing with two ropes and pedals. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, swings became a game exclusively for women to practice agility and strength. When playing on the swing, people swing back and forth in the air, as if they are flying, which is very interesting. "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao" records: "On the Cold Food Festival, swings were erected in the palace, which made the concubines laugh and thought it was a feast. The emperor called it a play for half-immortals."

Its history is very ancient. It was first called Qianqiu, but later was changed to Swing to avoid taboos. In ancient times, swings were mostly made of tree branches and tied with colorful ribbons. Later, it gradually developed into a swing with two ropes and pedals. Playing on the swing can not only improve health, but also cultivate bravery. It is still loved by people, especially children.

[Kite Flying] Kite flying is also a favorite activity during the Qingming Festival. During the Qingming Festival, people not only play during the day but also at night. At night, strings of small colorful lanterns are hung under the kite or on the wind-stabilizing wire, like twinkling stars, and are called "magic lanterns." In the past, some people would cut the strings after flying kites into the blue sky and let the breeze carry them to the ends of the earth. It is said that this can eliminate diseases and disasters and bring good luck to themselves. Some people write all their worries on paper when flying a kite and let it fly into the blue sky with the kite, thinking that all their worries will go away with the wind.

[Outing] is also called spring outing. In ancient times, it was called Tanchun, Xunchun, etc. On the Qingming Festival in March, spring returns to the earth, and nature presents a vibrant scene everywhere. It is a great time for outings. Our country's folk have long maintained the custom of outing during the Qingming Festival. According to historical records of the Song Dynasty: "On the ten days before and after the Qingming Festival, the city's sergeants and women, beautifully decorated and decorated with gold and emeralds, joined hands one after another to enjoy the scenery, painting boats, flutes and drums all day long." People brought food to the countryside and immersed themselves in nature. .

The style of outing was very popular in the Song Dynasty. The famous painter Zhang Zeduan's genre painting "Along the River During Qingming Festival" vividly depicts the lively scene of people in Kyoto going out for a hike during the Qingming Festival in the Song Dynasty.

[Tree planting] Before and after the Qingming Festival, when the spring sun shines and the spring rain falls, the saplings planted have a high survival rate and fast growth. Therefore, since ancient times, our country has had the habit of planting trees during the Qingming Festival. Some people also call Qingming Festival "Arbor Day". The custom of planting trees has been passed down to this day. In 1979, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress stipulated that March 12th every year would be my country's Arbor Day. This is of great significance in mobilizing people of all ethnic groups across the country to actively carry out activities to green the motherland.

[Cuju] "Ju" is a kind of rubber ball. "Cuju" means kicking the ball with your feet. It is a game that people loved during the Qingming Festival in ancient times. According to "Shuo Yuan" records, it is said that it was invented by the Yellow Emperor for the purpose of training warriors.

"Ju" became popular during the Warring States Period. At that time, Ju "was made of skin, and the middle part was made of hair." In the Tang Dynasty, animal bladders were used as bladders, which were inflated to increase the elasticity of the ball and make it useful for punching and kicking.

Around the Han Dynasty, there was a monograph on Cuju called "Cuju Jing". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the "Yuan Society", a specialized organization for Cuju appeared. Du Fu's poem "Ten years of Cuju will transport the young, and the customs of swinging thousands of miles are the same" shows that in the Tang Dynasty, Qingming Cuju was already very prosperous.

Zhong Wuyan of the Tang Dynasty described the scene of a football match at that time in "Balloon Ode": "Cold food, beautiful scenery, quarreling, relaxing and noisy, or walking around with pills, and the sky looks like a full moon. ". At that time, there were "free kicks" in which two players played against each other, where the outcome was decided by the pattern and frequency of kicks; there were also "official kicks" in which three players played against each other. In the Song Dynasty, goals began to be used, and there were referees to judge the outcome. This was the predecessor of modern football. Cuju is not only very popular among the people, but also in the palace. Wei Zhuang said in "Chang'an Qingming": "The inner palace was first given the Qingming fire, and the prime minister divided the money in vain." Wang Jian also said in "Gong Ci": "There are two towers in front of the palace, and people in Hanshi Palace are walking and playing ball."

In Wei Yingwu's "Hanshi Houbeilou Zuo", "The sound of drumming is heard in the distance, and the Cuju troops are playing. The poem "Music" shows that in addition to civilians and palaces, football activities are also carried out in the army.

It is said that Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty liked playing football very much. He once boasted to the actor Shi Yezhu: "If Teng is an infantry warrior, he should be the number one pick." Song Huizong also liked Cuju very much. The reason why Gao Qiu won Huizong's favor and was named Taiyou was because he was "good at kicking the ball."

[Cockfighting] As an entertainment activity, cockfighting was very popular as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. It was passed down to the Tang Dynasty and became popular for a while, and formed a custom of cockfighting mainly during the Qingming Dynasty.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was very fond of cockfighting activities before he came to the throne. After he came to the throne, he built a chicken house in the palace and raised more than a thousand roosters with "golden hair and iron spurs, high crest and high tail". , and assigned five hundred children to be responsible for their training. When the emperor behaved like this, dignitaries rushed to imitate him. Many people spend a lot of money to do this, and even go bankrupt. Due to the popularity of cockfighting, both men and women in the city engaged in cockfighting. The poor had no money to buy chickens, so they enjoyed playing with fake chickens.

Legend has it that during a trip, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty met a young boy, Jia Chang, playing with a wooden chicken. Xuanzong summoned the child into the palace and asked him to train roosters in the chicken workshop. Because Jia Chang trained well, he was deeply appreciated by Xuanzong, so "the gift of gold and silk arrived at his home every day." Jia Chang was known as the "Chicken Magic Boy" at the time, and his social status was changing day by day. When his father passed away, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered "the county magistrate to prepare a funeral car for the funeral." There was a poem at that time that said satirically: "It is not necessary to know the written language when giving birth to a child. Fighting cocks and running horses are worse than studying. The Jia family's children are thirteen years old. They are not as rich and prosperous as the previous generations."

Early records of cockfighting can be found in "Warring States Policy. Qi Ce", "Zuo Zhuan", "Historical Records" and other books. "Sanfu Huangtu" records that there was a cockfighting platform in Changle Palace of the Han Dynasty. Han Dynasty portrait stones and portrait bricks have common cockfighting images. Duyan of the Tang Dynasty gave a vivid description of the cockfighting scene in "Yin Cold Food Fighting Cocks in Response to the Teachings of the King of Qin": "On the eastern suburban road of Cold Food, the hawks fly out of the cage. The sun is shining on the corolla, and the mustard feathers are blowing in the wind. Knowing the enemy is courageous, he crows first. Feeling strong, he sweeps the formation frequently, his sharp claws fly across the green field, and the blood stains the bushes." Answered by: Chunmei Wenzi | Level 3 | 2011-4-5 10:08

Today is Qingming Festival, a day to commemorate ancestors and Jie Zitui. It reminds me of a poem by Du Fu: "It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road are dying of grief."

Around 8 o'clock, my mother and grandfather and I set off from home. On the way, I kept thinking about the past. It seemed that I had never seen my wife's kind and kind appearance, and there was no deeds related to my wife in my mind. What does she look like? How are you treating me? A series of questions suddenly came to my mind. I asked my mother: "Mom, have I seen my wife? How are you treating me?" My mother said helplessly: "To be honest, I haven't seen her either. She must have passed away a long time ago. So this..."

After 20 long minutes, we finally arrived at Shanglin Lake, and suddenly rain fell like needles in the sky. Park the car, grab your tools, and get ready to go up the mountain. Looking into the distance, there must be too many people, filling the entire aisle with no space at all. We moved slowly with the crowd. I found that some elderly people were very superstitious and brought firecrackers, incense candles, paper money, etc. with them.

What if something unexpected happens?

We followed the crowd again, turned a corner, turned another corner, went up the stairs, and found my wife's grave, just like usual. This time I colored the words that have experienced the wind and rain of spring and autumn. As I wrote these big characters, I thought how great it would be if my wife was still alive! Now I will definitely have a happy chat with my wife... Thinking of this, I smiled happily.

Mom and grandpa took sickles and cleared away the weeds and flowers beside the grave. I picked up the azaleas beside the grave and quietly placed the flowers behind my wife’s monument. Looking at them, they looked like decorations on my wife’s head. At this time, my mother and grandfather also completed the cleaning work, and the entire graveside looked much cleaner.

After that, we carefully lit a stick of incense, placed the offerings, prayed silently, and gave our blessings.

I turned around and looked at the blue lake, with ripples on it, and cruise ships driving on the lake, carrying people's blessings and prayers, With people's hope... sailing into the distance.