Mystery of Wu Zetian's tomb

Why did Wu Zetian erect a tablet without words for herself? It is still a mystery. There are many speculations that the only female emperor in China's history left her merits and demerits to future generations, which was a smart move.

Ganling, Shaanxi Province is known as the Three Gorges Project in archaeology. Under the main peak of Liangshan Mountain in the northwest of Xi, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Zhou Wu Zetian are buried. A couple, emperors of two dynasties, were buried in the same room, which is extremely rare in the world. The excavation of Ganling has been a hot topic for half a century. With the progress of archaeological technology in China, is it time for Wu Zetian to see the light of day? Dig or not dig? When to dig? At this time, we call on people of insight at home and abroad to participate in the discussion and activate this topic again, aiming at examining the practical significance of scientific excavation in Ganling.

Ganling is the most special mausoleum in China. It was built by digging mountains and holes, with a large scale and rich collection. A man and a woman, two emperors, were buried in the same room, 1000 years has remained intact. Wu Zetian is famous all over the world, and is well known to women and children, which makes this mausoleum attract much attention at home and abroad.

1957, the government of China announced Ganling as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province. 196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. For more than 40 years, governments at all levels have continuously allocated special funds to maintain and repair the entire cemetery. By the end of 2004, * * * had received 38 million domestic and foreign tourists.

However, when people got off at Sima Road in Ganling, they only saw a royal cemetery that was integrated with the mountain. Where is the underground palace? Where is the mausoleum? Almost all tourists come back disappointed with a series of question marks after swimming. People have reason to pay attention to, what treasures are there in the mausoleum? Can the bodies of Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong still be seen? Will there be a thousand-year-old female corpse like Mawangdui in Hunan? If only a pair of bones are left and restored by modern plastic surgery, can people see the true features of Wu Zetian again? There are too many hidden mysteries. If it can be opened, Ganling will become the largest and most ornamental museum in the world.

What is priceless in the underground palace?

How many cultural relics are there in the underground palace of Ganling? After so many years of exploration and investigation, a senior cultural relic worker calculated: conservatively speaking, there are at least 500 tons! This does not include the stones in the pyramid-shaped mound. Stones with different shapes and engraved words are also rare cultural relics.

According to the local exploration of the underground palace under the main peak of Ganling by archaeologists and the excavation of the buried tomb near Ganling, experts speculate that the structure of Ganling Mausoleum is composed of the tomb, the tunnel, the patio, the front and rear passages, and the left and right palaces. On the left lay Tang Gaozong and on the right lay Wu Zetian.

There are four caves on both sides of the front and rear passages, which are filled with the most valuable treasures of the Tang Dynasty. On both sides of the nearly 100-meter corridor leading to the King Kong Wall, there are various gold and silver ritual vessels. What interests the world the most is the Preface to Lanting Collection, a top national treasure. According to historical records, Preface to Lanting said in Li Shimin's testamentary edict that it should be placed under his head. In other words, this treasure should be in Zhaoling, not Ganling. However, Wen Tao, the secretariat of Yaozhou in the Five Dynasties, stole Zhaoling, but the Preface to Lanting was not on the list of unearthed treasures he wrote, so nine times out of ten, the Preface to Lanting was hidden in Ganling. In the folk rumors around Ganling, it has long been said that Lanting and Wu Zetian were buried together.

In detail, in the history of China for thousands of years, Wu Zetian was the only woman who dared to depose orthodoxy and put on the hat of the emperor. At the age of 66, she overturned Li's case, and the flag of Wu Zhou hung high outside the palace gate, so she became emperor in 15. After her death, she dared to set up a black tablet without words in front of the grave, so that future generations could comment on her life's merits and demerits. Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong was a very attractive man. He died of illness. He wants to bury all his favorite calligraphy and painting with the grave. It is estimated that all the masterpieces of the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi, except Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, were brought into the coffin by Li Zhi.

Wu Zetian is a brilliant stunner. Of all the Tang poems handed down to this day, only a few of her poems have been collected. Where have so many lost masterpieces of Wu Zetian gone? Is it buried in a mausoleum? This is really a mystery.

Mr. Guo Moruo, an expert on cultural relics, once said to Premier Zhou Enlai: Undoubtedly, there must be many calligraphy and painting books hidden in the tomb! Open the dry mausoleum, maybe Wu Zetian's hanging arch sleeve 100 volume and golden wheel sleeve 10 volume can be seen again! Maybe the portrait of Wuhou, the handwriting of Shangguan Waner and others can be seen! Rock-breaking, it must be a rock-breaking event!

Lao Guo said nothing about the car carrying a bucket of gold, silver and jewels in the tomb. In fact, it is conceivable that once Fuling is opened, the treasure will shine all over the world, and it will be strange if you can't get the ninth miracle of the world!

Has a long history, ups and downs? Lao Guo is not the only one who is interested in Ganling. How many generations of people with lofty ideals, who don't want to feast their eyes in their lifetime?

Has Ganling been stolen in history?

1960, several farmers shot and blew stones, and accidentally blew out the entrance of Wu Zetian's tomb. This pyramid-shaped mound is truly top secret at the national level. The grave robbers searched for 1000 years, but they couldn't find it. Huang Chao's 400,000 troops have not been dug for several years. Since then, people planted a Chinese pine on the top of this tomb door, and now it has been exposed to the wind on all sides and has become a pillar.

Since Tang Taizong, most emperors in the Tang Dynasty have taken mountains as their tombs, with Ganling as the most typical one. Many stone statues are isomorphic with the tall figure of Liangshan North Peak, forming the magnificent momentum of Ganling. From a distance, you can see that the shape of Ganling is like a lying woman.

For an emperor's mausoleum, the entrance to the mausoleum is like a key. If you want to dig, the project is half finished. Now, we have mastered the key to the underground palace of Ganling for more than 40 years. If the grave robbers in history had got the key, Ganling would have been excavated long ago.

In the history of our country, digging dry graves has a long history. 1200 For more than 200 years, there has never been a grave robber in Liangshan. Thieves are a dime a dozen There is no official record, and unofficial history is too lazy to write. In history, there were thieves with the surname 17, and there were three large poaching activities. But they all gave up halfway for various reasons and failed to steal it.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the peasants revolted, and Huang Chao had a huge momentum. He used 400,000 rebels to dig mountains in the west of Liangshan. Dig a 40-meter-deep Huang Chao ditch and dig half a mountain. Because there are no knowledgeable people in the army, they don't understand the structural characteristics of Ganling block facing south. As a result, they didn't succeed because they dug in the wrong direction.

Wen Tao, the secretariat of Yaozhou in the Five Dynasties, was an official grave robber. He led soldiers to dig more than a dozen tombs of the Tang Dynasty and made a windfall. Tens of thousands of people were driven to dig Ganling in broad daylight because of the money in hand. Unexpectedly, the excavation process was very bad and the weather was always stormy. Wen Tao was frightened and gave up the idea of digging Ganling.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Sun Lianzhong, a general of the Kuomintang, led a group of troops to learn from Sun Dianying's bombing of Cixi and Qianlong's tomb. He buried pots in Liangshan to cook and set up camp. Under the cover of military exercises, he blasted three layers of rocks next to the tomb, but ultimately failed to get any benefits.

At present, many experts believe that Ganling is the only tomb among the eighteen tombs in the Tang Dynasty that has not been excavated. The reason is that the dry tomb road is complete, but it is very difficult to dig a new hole from the abdomen of the stone mountain into the underground palace instead of the tomb road. At present, no new stolen holes have been found. As for whether the facts are as people wish, we can only know when the underground palace is opened.

Is it time to explore Ganling?

Shi Xingbang, an archaeologist in Shaanxi Province, wrote many times that all the conditions for the excavation of Ganling are met and the time is ripe. Over the past 40 years, the archaeological community has accumulated rich experience in the excavation of the Second Mausoleum of the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dingling Mausoleum, the Famen Temple underground palace and the Qin cemetery, and has created a high-level professional team, which is fully qualified for the excavation of Ganling.

The excavation of Ganling is an official act of Shaanxi provincial government for more than 40 years. In the extremely strict excavation plan of Tangganling, which costs hundreds of thousands of words and involves many scientists, it is pointed out that the so-called excavation means that only two sterile workers with aerobic breathing equipment are allowed to enter the tomb, and if the data are retrieved by low-light-level camera equipment, the excavation is successful. How to protect it and how to exhibit it should be formulated according to the information. It must be several years later. How can this be harmful to cultural relics?

Ganling has five conditions that other imperial tombs in China do not have at present: knowing the location of the main tomb, and being accurate, it can be opened as soon as it is hit; It has rich property and has not been stolen; The excavation plan written with a lot of money has been verified by many parties; For decades, I have been writing letters to the Central Committee without interruption, which has attracted high-end attention. Information that can prove that the mausoleum is being damaged and needs immediate rescue.

Under the condition that the objective environment of scientific excavation in Ganling is mature, it is better to excavate one day earlier than one day later.

With the early publication of the treasures of the country, the study of the prosperous Tang Dynasty can push to a climax of cultural comparison between China and the West. It can enhance the international prestige of the Chinese nation. It can also effectively promote the development of the western region; Prospering China's tourism industry.

For Shaanxi, economists and cultural relics workers predict that once Ganling is opened, Shaanxi will increase at least 5 million tourists every year. How much economic benefits will five million tourists bring? And how much information and investment will these five million tourists bring to the western development? The subjective reason for the slow progress is the selfishness that some experts are unwilling to explain. What they care about is not whether Ganling can be excavated, but what practical benefits it has for themselves.