The orchids are beautiful and the chrysanthemums are fragrant. I cannot forget the beautiful woman I am pregnant with. Original text_Translation and appreciation

The orchids are beautiful, the chrysanthemums are fragrant, and I cannot forget the beautiful woman I am pregnant with. ——Liu Che's "Autumn Wind Ci" in the Han Dynasty The orchids are beautiful and the chrysanthemums are fragrant. I cannot forget the beautiful woman in my heart. The autumn wind blows and white clouds fly, the grass and trees turn yellow and the wild geese return south.

The orchids are beautiful and the chrysanthemums are fragrant. I cannot forget the beautiful woman I am pregnant with.

The floating boats are coming to the Fen River, and the waves are flowing across the middle.

The flutes and drums are singing, and the music is singing, and there is great joy and much sadness.

How can you be old when you are young? Three Hundred Ancient Poems, Autumn, Writing about the Wind, Yuefu, Life and Years Translation and Annotations

Translation

The autumn wind blows and white clouds fly. The grass and trees are dry and the yellow geese are returning south.

The beautiful one is the orchid, the fragrant one is the chrysanthemum. Missing the beauty is unforgettable.

Riding on the Fenhe River in a building boat, paddling the oars raised white waves.

Playing the flute and playing the drum, there is too much joy and too much sadness.

The days of youth have passed long ago, and there is no choice but to grow old gradually. Creation background

"When he was visiting the imperial capital, he was in a state of excitement, having a banquet with his ministers, and wrote his own "Autumn Wind Ci"." Liu Che was inspired by the scenery, inspired by the scenery, and continued to write the lively scene of the singing and dancing feast in the building and boat. , and finally concludes with a sigh that extreme joy can lead to sadness, life is easy to grow old, and time goes by. Phrases such as "I can't forget the beautiful woman I cherish" express his desire for "talented people". Influence on later generations

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che (156 BC - 87 BC) was a talented and ambitious politician, as well as a poet who loved literature and advocated poetry. "Ode to Mrs. Li" is widely circulated today. Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty believed that his achievements were in "Changqingxia, Ziyunshang" ("Yiyuan Zhiyan"). Other surviving poems, "Huzi Song", "Tianma Song", and "Mrs. Li's Song" are also "magnificent and magnificent" (Xu Zhenqing's "Talking about Art") is highly praised by poetry commentators.

His "Autumn Wind Ci", which is clear, meaningful, and smooth in style, has always been praised by people. Although this poem is an impromptu work, it has twists and turns and is written in a tortuous and lingering way. Volume 2 of Shen Deqian's "Source of Ancient Poems": "The legacy of "Li Sao". In the article, the twelfth chapter says that when one is extremely happy and sad, how cute is his regret?" From the perspective of "The legacy of "Li Sao"", in terms of diction, Shen Deqian's The reviews are very real. Lu Xun called this poem "Lingering and flowing, although the poet can't live up to it." Analysis

The whole poem uses a combination of metaphors and scenes, making it a masterpiece of "Sad Autumn" in the history of Chinese literature.

There are two different versions of the theme of this poem in history. One is that "the joy is extremely sad, and the old age is shocking", and the other is "this poem I feel the fall of autumn, and I am thinking about seeking immortality. The sentence "Embrace the Beautiful Lady" is the essence of this article" (Volume 3 of Zhang Yugu's "Appreciation of Ancient Poems"). Zhang Yugu added: "To regard a beautiful woman as an immortal seems to be close or chiseled. However, the emperor was lucky that the land east of the river and the land behind the temple were all for the sake of seeking immortality, so he must make this interpretation, which is consistent with current events, and the meaning of the chapter is also consistent. Put it on” (ibid.). The meaning of seeking immortality in the poem is not clearly stated. The only hidden point is the sentence "I can't forget the beauty I have in my heart." The meaning is implicit and wonderful.

There are nine sentences in the whole poem, which can be divided into four layers: "The autumn wind rises and white clouds fly, and the grass and trees yellow and the wild geese return south" is the first layer, which highlights the seasonal characteristics. These two sentences describe the scenery, have colorful images, and a sense of flow. They are natural and easy to read, and the sentence structure is very tight and capable. The combination of the verbs of rising, flying, falling, and returning makes people feel like they are changing things. sense of urgency. Since then, Cao Cao's "Autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the grass and trees shake off and the dew turns to frost" and the Tang poem "The autumn wind blows white clouds, and thousands of miles are crossing the river and Fen" and other good lines, all are inspired by "Autumn Wind Ci", and have a certain relationship of inheritance and reference. . Xie Zhen, a Ming Dynasty scholar, believed that the starting line of "Autumn Wind Ci" came from the great ancestor Liu Bang's "The strong wind is blowing and the clouds are flying" ("Siming Poetry Talk"). Literally speaking, it is certainly good; but the realm and sentiment of the two are quite different: "The strong wind blows and the clouds fly", the vastness and vastness express the heroic spirit of the hero who rises in the wind and clouds; "The autumn wind blows and the white clouds rise" "Fly" is fresh and bright, rippling with the joy of boating in the middle of the river and looking up and down. When combined with the following sentence, its charm seems to be closer to "The autumn wind is blowing, and the waves in the Dongting are under the wooden leaves" in "Nine Songs: Mrs. Xiang". As for Emperor Wu, probably from this similar situation, he thought of "Mrs. Xiang" "There are orchids in the Yuan and there are orchids in the Li. She misses the young master but dare not speak", and couldn't help but blurt out the two sentences of the second couplet.

, tasteful. Spring orchids and autumn chrysanthemums are in their prime, and the author's interest and mentality in viewing them can be seen. Then the author's appreciation of flowers and trees triggered his nostalgia for the beautiful woman. This kind of empathy from things to people is a commonly used technique in Chinese classical literary works. For example, Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" has "The sun and the moon suddenly do not drown me." , the preface of spring and autumn. Only the scattered vegetation is afraid of the beauty's twilight." The word "beautiful woman" in "I Can't Forget a Beautiful Lady" is not limited to the literal meaning. It can also include the author's pursuit of career, just as Qu Yuan used beauty as a metaphor for his own ideal of nobility.

There is also a view that the "beauty" that Emperor Wu was thinking about when he was drinking wine in the wind refers to the northern "beauty" Mrs. Li who "looked at the charming city and then the charming country".

Mrs. Li died during the Yuanshou period. Emperor Wu missed her so much that he even believed in the story of the young man. He described her appearance in the palace at night, and while standing across the curtain to look at her, he sang "Is it evil? Is it not evil? Stand and look at it. It’s a confused song about why it’s so late.” Now, seven or eight years later, Emperor Wu still couldn't forget her. Finally, under the white clouds in autumn, he thought about this beauty from another life again. These two sentences use the contrast between humans and gods in "Nine Songs" to describe Emperor Wu's thoughts on the life and death of the "beautiful woman". They indeed have the "lingering and flowing" charm that Mr. Lu Xun said.

The fifth, sixth and seventh lines, "The rafting boats are coming to the Fen River, and the waves are flowing in the middle. The flutes and drums are singing, and the songs are singing" are the third level, which is a vivid description of the river rafting, the poem The mood is restored and revived, and it depicts the joyful scene of Emperor Wu boating in the middle of the river, and the monarch and his ministers having a banquet. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and his ministers paid homage to the earth behind the temple, they crossed the Fen River in a boat and saw white water waves rolling in the center of the river. At this time, there was a feast on the boat, flutes and drums were playing, musicians and singers were singing Singing and dancing, it echoes up and down with the sound of the boatman rowing a boat, which is endless. Each sentence at this level contains two verbs, which are arranged in order of pan, ji, horizontal, yang, ming and fa, painting the lively scene of "Xinran in the flow" with rich sounds and emotions, ready to be heard.

The eighth and ninth lines, "There is great joy but there is much sorrow. How can we be young and old when we are young!" is the fourth level, which is the author's deep emotion when he traveled to the east of the river and experienced great joy and sorrow. After excessive joy, it brings a sad mood. Youth is hard to come back, and old age is approaching, so we have to enjoy ourselves in time. This ideological conclusion after describing the natural scenery still does not get rid of the low mood of ancient poets and poets. Just like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty himself, he not only had the civil and military skills of pacifying Nanyue, rebuking the Huns, promoting Taixue, and advocating Confucianism, but he also had the fault of respecting gods and immortals and inviting alchemists. Due to excessive expropriation and expropriation, "the more refugees there were, the more thieves branched out" (see " "Han Shu" Volume 46 "Shi Qing Biography"), so this "Autumn Wind Ci" not only has many natural and smooth lines that make people recite unforgettable lines, but also sighs the emptiness of the short life.

To sum up, the first two sentences describe the picturesque autumn scenery, and the third and fourth sentences are about orchids and chrysanthemums, which blend the sadness of autumn and the nostalgia for people. The following sentences describe the banquet in the boat, which brings great joy and sorrow, and ends with the sigh that life is easy to grow old.

The language of this poem is clear and lively, the sentences rhyme, the rhythm is fast, and the sense of music is strong. The artistic style is greatly influenced by Chu Ci. The first two sentences are influenced by Song Yu's "Nine Bian". Song Yu's "Nine Bian" has "Sad, autumn is the air, and it is bleak, and the grass and trees are falling and decaying;...the wild geese are wandering south, and the gulls and chickens are chirping sadly" etc., all of which are "Autumn Wind Ci" 》Photo taken. The first four sentences have two different rhymes, and the last four sentences have another rhyme, and finally three rhymes. In terms of sentence structure, each sentence contains the word "xi", which is also similar to Chu Ci, so it is called Chu Diao Yuefu by critics of the dialectical style.

The whole poem is cleverly conceived, has beautiful artistic conception and smooth phonology, making it very suitable for singing. Appreciation

The poem begins: "The autumn wind rises and white clouds fly, and the grass and trees fall yellow, and the geese return south." The autumn wind blows off the white clouds and flies away. The trees on the shore are no longer lush, but they are falling one after another. The golden fallen leaves create a colorful background for autumn. The wild geese chirp, slowly passing by the masts... Just two sentences, the clear distance is beautiful.

Volume 3 of Hu Yinglin's "Shisou·Internal Edition": "Autumn wind is the ancestor of love for generations." Autumn is arousing people's thoughts. Although there are orchids and autumn chrysanthemums, they are withered. The grass and trees, and the sound of returning geese, evoked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's endless longing for the "beautiful lady": "The orchids are beautiful and the chrysanthemums are fragrant. I can't forget the beautiful lady." The lingering and flowing beauty of this sentence is the essence of the poem. Just like the third volume of Zhang Yugu's "Appreciation of Ancient Poems": "This poem has the feeling of autumn falling and thinking about immortals. The poem about cherishing a beautiful woman is the essence of a piece..."

"The boat is coming to the Fen River, crossing the river. "In the middle of the stream, Subo is rising. The drums are beating and the drums are singing." The three sentences try their best to describe the scene of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty boating in the middle of the stream and the emperor and his ministers feasting. When the building boat was speeding in the middle of the Fen River, the slow blue water suddenly raised a white wave. When my ears are full of wine, I can't help but sing along with the sound of oars and oars.

Immediately afterwards, "Extreme Joy and Much Sadness" appeared. When you rule the world, you should look down upon the whole world and look down on the world, and you should feel proud and forgetful. Where does such a mournful sound come from? Volume 1 of Wang Yaoqu's "Combined Interpretations of Ancient Poems" puts it clearly: "It is human nature to experience extreme happiness and sadness. Sadness can come back but happiness can never come again. Emperor Wu sought longevity and admired gods. It was for this reason that it was hard to condemn him. "Ears. When I think of this, I am singing and screaming, and I am suddenly full of excitement. It is naturally a wonderful speech." It turns out that even kings are inevitably born, old, sick, and dead. As death no longer exists, how can we not be sad because "how can we grow old when we are young?" Creation Background 2

According to the "Book of Han·Wudi Ji", Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che went to Fenyin, Hedong (southwest of Wanrong County, Shanxi Province today) to offer sacrifices to Houtu five times. There was only one time in autumn, that is, in October of the fourth year of Yuanding (113 BC). During this patrol, news of the success of the soldiers in the southern expedition came, and the local name was changed to Wenxi, which is still used today. The autumn wind was blowing, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took a boat in the Fenhe River and had a banquet in the middle of the river. After the feast, I wrote this article. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che (156 BC - 87 BC), the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was an outstanding statesman, strategist, and poet. Liu Che opened up the largest territory of the Han Dynasty and made achievements in various fields. The prosperous age of Hanwu was one of the three prosperous ages in Chinese history. In his later years, he went on a military expedition and caused the disaster of witchcraft. In the fourth year of Zhenghe, Liu Che issued an imperial edict to blame himself.

Liu Che died in Wuzha Palace in 87 BC at the age of 70. His posthumous title was Emperor Xiaowu, his temple name was Shizong, and he was buried in Maoling.

Liu Che Listening to the flute on the green coir river in autumn, leaning on the railing at night in the red-sleeved building. The autumn wind blew into Jiangcun, it was dusk, and the lonely phoenix trees did not open their doors in the rainy night. Standing still to listen to the cold sound, there are no shadows of geese deep in the clouds. At dusk, the cool breeze comes, and I feel sad when I hear the cicadas. Drinking horses cross the autumn water, the water is cold and the wind is like a knife. There is no one in the courtyard, the autumn moon is bright, and the night frost is about to clear up. Ask him what is so sad about him? There are times of reflection but also sadness, as the Double Ninth Festival is going to be windy and rainy. Dawn welcomes the autumn dew, and a new branch does not occupy the most beautiful spring in the garden. Autumn is lonely. Autumn wind and rain hurt Li Suo. Autumn grass grows in the distance of the cloister, and the dream soul is thousands of miles away from the green doorway. There are ancient trees beside the city, and the sound of autumn continues day and night. The sunset is outside the bird, the autumn wind is on the plain, and the eyes are broken for four days. Magpies are flying over the mountains at dawn, cicadas are noisy in the wild autumn wind. White Wolf Hebei's music and books are broken, and the southern autumn night in Danfeng City is long. The west wind comes to persuade Liang Yun to go, and Tiandong lets go of the golden mirror.