What will happen if the earth warms up by 2℃? Those things about global warming

World Environment Day is on June 5th every year. 1989, people set the theme of World Environment Day as "Watch out for global warming" for the first time. Since then, global warming has attracted people's attention. After that, 199 1 and in 2009, World Environment Day set the theme as "climate change-need global cooperation" and "the earth needs you: unite to deal with climate change" respectively. Nowadays, global warming has become an important factor limiting human survival and development, and has gone beyond the narrow scope of scientific topics and become a major international political, diplomatic and economic topic. In addition, some skeptics claim that the recent global warming is far from threatening the earth in the context of its long-term climate evolution. For example, Trump, the 45th President of the United States, has publicly questioned global warming, and even conspiracy theorists believe that global warming is just a world scam manipulated by individual countries.

So how much impact will the rising temperature of the earth have on human beings? Why do humans always feel powerless in dealing with global warming? Why do some people say that global warming is just a world scam? In the face of the doomsday that may be caused by global warming, what preparations have human beings made at present? All the answers will be answered in this article.

First of all, let's understand how much impact the temperature rise will have on the earth. The doomsday disaster caused by global warming is described in the movies The Day After Tomorrow and 20 12, which are more in line with scientific theory. In theory, all these disasters will occur, but the question is how high does the temperature of the earth need to rise to appear such a magnificent scene in the movie?

From this table, we can see that the temperature of the earth is indeed rising continuously, but the earth has not been destroyed, and even our daily life has not been significantly affected. Dr. Berkhar of the Potsdam Institute in Berlin, Germany, once put forward a representative "2 threat", saying that he thought that the average temperature rise of the earth should not exceed 2, which is the bottom line for the survival of ecosystems and human society. If the average temperature of the earth rises above 2, global warming will be irreversible and mankind will gradually go to destruction. It should be emphasized here that the following average temperature rise refers to the average temperature rise of the earth in the past 30 years or more. This increase is terrible, because it is necessary to fill the previous temperature difference, just like the average body temperature of a person in the first year is 36. If he wants to raise the average body temperature to 38, he needs a high fever of about 40 in the second year.

Since the end of 19, the global average temperature has increased by 0.3-0.6, and there is still a gap with 2. However, according to the current temperature rise, Dr. Bilhal predicts that the average temperature of the earth will rise to 2 in 2 100, and the disaster of destroying mankind will follow.

First of all, it is an indisputable fact that rising temperatures lead to melting glaciers. In the past 50 years, 10 Antarctic ice shelves have completely collapsed. However, when the average temperature rises to 2, the ice shelf in western Antarctica will melt on a large scale or completely, causing the sea level in some coastal areas to rise by six to seven meters. Theoretically speaking, the first country to suffer from Antarctic ice melting is the United States, because the Antarctic ice melting water is not evenly distributed in the global ocean, and some ice water will flow to North America under the strong gravity of the ocean. It is estimated that it is located on the east coast of Washington, D.C. At the same time, the west coast of North America, the coast of Canada, the low-lying areas along Europe and the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific coast will be flooded far more than expected.

A large amount of seawater flows to the northern hemisphere, and the overall rise of sea level will also shift the axis of rotation of the earth, leading to the northward shift of latitude, which will lead to the disruption of the traditional balance of nature. The most typical is the vegetation distribution pattern. Bananas, for example, used to be grown only in the southern tropics. With the change of vegetation boundary, the northern area without planting conditions may also be suitable for its growth. It may not sound so terrible. Isn't it that plants can move? However, the change of global vegetation distribution pattern will lead to a series of chain reactions, such as the increase and variation of pests, the frequent occurrence of tropical rain forest fires and the rapid expansion of desert area.

In addition, the influence of the Arctic is more serious. In the past 100 years, the average temperature in the Arctic has risen almost twice as fast as the global average. If the average temperature rises to 2, the Arctic will no longer be covered by ice sheets. Normally, the ice sheet can reflect 80% sunlight. After the ice sheet disappears, the ability of the Arctic to reflect sunlight will be weakened, and the heat energy of the sun will directly enter the ocean. The hidden seawater will absorb more solar radiation than the ice sheet, thus further warming up. Such a vicious circle, global warming will be irreversible, and the earth will gradually become unfit for human survival. British writer Mark Lynas proposed in his book Change the World 6 that the average temperature of the earth will increase to 12 in 2300, and then human beings will be completely unable to survive on the earth.

Since the disaster caused by global warming is so terrible, why don't human beings rectify it? Why is the temperature still rising today? This is a long story.

First, let's understand the greenhouse effect of the earth. The heat of the earth comes from the sun, and the earth is like a greenhouse. The atmosphere is equivalent to a greenhouse. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, it will be weakened to varying degrees. When the weakened sunlight hits the earth's surface, it will rebound. After bouncing back to the atmosphere, the atmosphere will absorb the reflection of the earth to a certain extent, thus locking in some heat, keeping the earth warm and making the earth form the current climate balance state. Therefore, if there is something wrong with the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of the earth will be. For example, the atmosphere of Mars is much thinner than that of the Earth, which makes it impossible for Mars to lock in heat. The temperature difference between day and night on Mars is around 100.

The earth's atmosphere is mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, chlorofluorocarbons, ozone and other gases, among which some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide have little influence on the solar radiation, but have a strong absorption effect on the rebound heat of the earth. If the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase, the earth's heat will not dissipate, which will lead to the earth getting hotter and hotter. Moreover, IPCC has also published an assessment report, which shows that the global temperature is rising extremely rapidly, and it coincides with the intensive period of human greenhouse gas emissions, so the scientific community generally believes that global warming is caused by too many greenhouse gases.

There are two main kinds of human influence on greenhouse gases. One is to directly emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and methane produced by burning coal, charcoal and firewood in industrial production. The other is that human activities have changed the climate, such as deforestation, which directly weakens the earth's ability to digest carbon dioxide. Now that human beings have known the causes of global warming, they should prescribe the right medicine. Everyone should have fewer children, plant more trees, walk more, save energy and reduce emissions. Even in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 150, more than 50 countries and European economies signed the world's first international convention to comprehensively control the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to cope with the adverse effects of global warming on human economy and society-the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which shows that countries should strictly control it. Although on the surface, this convention is quite good, but within a few years, some people put forward a conspiracy theory about global warming, saying that global warming is a scam of some developed countries for three reasons:

It has even been pointed out that the relationship between global warming and greenhouse gases is only theoretically possible and uncertain, and no specific experiments have been done according to data reasoning. In addition, some people have done statistics, 96% of carbon dioxide in the air is emitted by nature, and only 40% comes from man-made emissions, so no matter how human beings control it, it will not help. However, some people later stood up against the conspiracy theory, saying that this data is unreliable, and the emission of carbon dioxide in the air cannot be separated from nature at all, because human beings and nature are inseparable.

For example, the most typical cow fart, according to statistics, the carbon dioxide emitted by cattle in the world accounts for 18% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions, which is not only much higher than that of other domestic animals, but even exceeds that of human vehicles. This cow fart really belongs to nature, but most of the cows in nature are raised artificially, so it can't be said that it has nothing to do with human beings.

In short, global warming is always controversial like genetic modification, but most areas are still actively controlling it. Not long ago, a cow fart collector appeared in Argentina to alleviate global warming, but it is mainly because people in various countries are not harmonious, some actively govern, and some go their own way, which makes global warming difficult to govern.

Finally, let's take a look at what measures human beings have tried to take to deal with the doomsday disaster that may be caused by global warming. I only said that there are five representative ones.

1, Japan-a maritime city

As early as 1960s, Buckminster Fuller, a famous American project, was entrusted by a Japanese rich man to design a sea city for Tokyo. Fuller designed three types of floating houses, all of which are combined tetrahedron structures and apartment units, but they were not realized due to the early death of the promoters. But after all, Fuller was a genius in architecture, with 55 honorary doctorates and 26 patented inventions. His concept of a maritime city was worshipped and imitated by many later architects.

2. Holland-a floating city

From a distance, this floating city looks like three huge water drops. From a close point of view, it is three translucent balls floating side by side on the water. From a close point of view, it looks like a honeycomb. This is a floating city designed by Holland. The shell adopts the floating formwork structure commonly used in crop cultivation, which is beneficial to store energy and optimize the temperature cycle in the building. Because this building has been successfully piloted and is expected to be sold in the future, the construction cost of floating houses is 5% to 10% higher than that of land houses.

3, the United States-the boat of freedom

Freedom Boat is a giant ship designed and built by a Florida company, which can hold 50,000 people for a long time. Length1371.6m, width 228.6m, height106.7m and weight 2.7 million tons. There are schools, hospitals, shopping malls, art galleries, casinos and other recreational facilities on board, and an airport will be built on the roof.

4. Solar submarine

If global warming causes the sea level to rise, underwater may be a good living choice, and solar-powered submarines are the most suitable escape devices. At present, many countries are also developing it, and the world's first solar submarine appeared at the bottom of Lake Thun in Switzerland in 20 12. This submarine is also the first step of Switzerland's underwater solar energy plan.

5. Paris-Swan Island

If the sea level rises and floods the land, human beings can only build islands to survive. Swan Island is an artificial island, currently located in the middle of the Seine River in France.

Since the industrial revolution, all kinds of abnormal weather have appeared more and more frequently. In the absence of natural reasons, we can only temporarily put the reasons on human activities. Global warming is an academic knowledge, but no one can prove that knowledge is truth. The reason why we believe in science is not because it is right, but because this explanation is more reasonable based on the current phenomenon.