Planting techniques of oil peony

Peony planting should choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, soft soil, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage and neutral pH value. Clay, coarse sandy soil, acid-base soil and low-lying waterlogged land are not suitable.

(2) Planting season

An agricultural proverb says, "Seven peonies, eight peonies." This is the best planting time for peony and peony. Peony in Luoyang and other places should be planted after the autumnal equinox and before the cold dew, that is, from September 20 to June 10, about 20 days before and after the National Day. If planted after the autumnal equinox, new roots can continue to grow for one and a half months.

(3) Planting method

(1) Land preparation: before the end of August, apply 5-8 cubic meters of farm manure or 3-4 cubic meters of decomposed manure on the selected plot, or apply cake fertilizer150-200 kg or decomposed chicken manure per mu); Use 3 ~ 5 kg carbofuran or methyl parathion particles per mu, mix 2 ~ 3 times of fine sand and spread evenly to prevent and control underground pests or nematodes. Deep ploughing and raking, leveling and planting. Ridges can also be ridged according to the terrain to facilitate irrigation.

(2) Planting: before planting, cut off the broken roots and diseased roots, then treat the peony with drugs to prepare a mixed solution of 500-800 times of thiophanate-methyl and 700-900 times of methyl-isocarbophos EC, soak the peony in the drugs for 15 minutes, and hang the peony roots with mud sticks (liquid medicine and mud) when planting. Dig a hole with a depth of 50cm and a crown diameter of 50cm. Put the peony in the pit and fill it with fine soil. After half-filling, gently lift the peony seedlings to facilitate the full development of the roots, and then fill the soil in layers to make the rhizosphere original soil flush with the ground, or about 3 cm below the ground. Too shallow and too deep is not appropriate. After planting, water it. Surrounded by mounds of earth, it is used to keep warm and moisturize, and it is safe for winter. There is an agricultural proverb: "The pit should be big, the roots should be straight, and half of the buried soil should be lifted up;" After it is practical, water will support it. "

The row spacing of ornamental gardens should be1.5 ~ 2.0m. The row spacing of production nursery is 60-70cm, that of catalytic nursery is 70-80cm, and the width of flower cutting nursery is appropriate, 80cm and 60cm.

(4) Site management

① Loosening and weeding: Peony land should be carefully managed, among which hoeing and intertillage weeding are very important. There is a saying in the agricultural proverb: "There is fire and water in the hoe" and "The dry land is wet and the wetland is dry". Cutting grass can loosen soil, prevent drought and conserve moisture, increase ground temperature in early spring and accelerate soil moisture evaporation in rainy season. Mowing the land two or three times before flowering in spring is mainly to prevent drought and conserve moisture; It is rainy and overgrown with weeds in summer, so we should hoe the ground many times. If there is grass, you should hoe it to keep it moist and damp. Before winter, the soil between peony rows was deeply ploughed about 30 cm, which was beneficial to sterilization, soil weathering and fertility increase.

Fat water: Peony likes fat. Generally, topdressing is needed 2 ~ 3 times a year from the second year after planting. The first time is in the first half of March to ensure the rapid growth of new branches and the development of nutritious buds. Mainly available fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2∶2∶ 1 or 2∶ 1∶ 1, about 15 kg per mu. The second time is after flowering (mid-May), because flowering consumes a lot of nutrients, after flowering, the leaves develop completely and the flower buds begin to differentiate. For the third time, before the soil was frozen in early June (5438+065438+ 10), it not only improved the soil fertility, but also benefited the protection of peony in winter. Two or three-year-old peony plants are small, which can be applied in holes or ditches between plants, and large plants can be spread, and then the fertilizer can be turned into the soil. There are many kinds of fertilizers, such as manure, manure, sesame oil residue, cake fertilizer (bean cake, rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake) and so on. Organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed and fermented before it can be used, so as to avoid burning roots and worms. In addition, you can also use commercial compound fertilizers, such as Huaduoduo. No matter what fertilizer is used, it should be used in rotation every year, so the effect is better. Generally, the dosage per mu is 75 kg of compound fertilizer (different brands have different effective fertilizer contents, please refer to its description). Dry manure1000g, bean cake or cottonseed cake100 ~150kg, and other organic fertilizers 200 ~ 250kg. Apply 2000 kg/mu of decomposed soil and miscellaneous fertilizer before winter. When conditions permit, topdressing can also be used before and after flowering, such as spraying 0.2% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other trace fertilizers.

Fertilization should be combined with watering. If you encounter soil drought during the growing period, you should replenish water in time. In case of water accumulation in rainy season, ditches should be dug in time to drain water, or damaged plants should be dug out, and rotten parts should be cut off before planting. Water in the morning and evening in summer, and also in spring and early winter when the weather is warm.

③ Shaping and pruning: In order to keep the plants in a balanced and proper amount of branches and graceful and symmetrical plant shapes, keep the coordinated growth of the aboveground and underground parts, and reduce the breeding of diseases, it is necessary to start shaping in the spring of the second year after planting.

Fixed column branches (that is, the selected main branches): the number of branches selected depends on the variety, plant cluster size and cultivation purpose. 5 ~ 7 branches/plant can be reserved for vigorous varieties, such as Luoyanghong and Zhao Fen. Varieties with weak growth and poor branching ability, such as Saixueta and Zhongshenghei, can be allowed to grow. For more than five years, you can choose to leave more than 9 branches. When the old branches are damaged, they can be replaced by sprouting branches.

Select and keep the flower branches and remove other redundant branches: generally, only one flower branch is selected for the top branch, especially the dwarf peony; But 1 ~ 2 evenly distributed flower branches can be reserved for those with vigorous growth and high plant type.

Remove budding branches in time: budding branches are soil buds formed by adventitious buds at the base of plants. Except for the regeneration of old branches or the propagation of autumn ramets, a certain number of soil buds should be kept, and everything else should be removed. This operation should be done sooner rather than later, so as not to consume too much nutrients in the mother plant, and the soil buds should be completely cut off.

In addition, the residual flowers should be removed in time, and it is best not to leave seeds for peony varieties. Before entering winter, cut off the non-lignified parts of branches and other branches with uncoordinated growth.

(5) Pest control

Summer is hot and humid, and pests and diseases are serious, so it should be prevented in time. We should adhere to the principle of putting prevention first and combining prevention with treatment. Take comprehensive prevention and control measures in specific arrangements.

① Spraying foliar protectant: About two weeks after flowering, spray 0.5% lime equivalent Bordeaux solution on the foliage to prevent germs from invading the leaves. Generally, the drug effect can last for about two weeks, and it can be sprayed 2 ~ 3 times.

(2) Spraying fungicides and pesticides: Spraying fungicides at the right time after the flowers wither, that is, in late May, the season of high temperature and high humidity is about to enter. It is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of peony leaf spot and other diseases, and the mixed solution of chlorothalonil and toxic mildew wettable powder has better effect. These two pesticides are systemic and contact-killing, and the combination of them can effectively kill a variety of germs. Copper and zinc can be sprayed again after spraying 15 days, and the effect is better. From July to August, fungicides such as Tobezin, carbendazim, chlorothalonil and triamcinolone acetonide can be selected for spraying for 3 ~ 4 times, usually once every 7 ~ 10 day. If there are leaf-eating pests such as scarabs, an appropriate amount of cypermethrin insecticide can be added when spraying fungicides.

③ Prevention and control of root diseases and insect pests: In recent years, root rot, grubs and termites have been found to be serious, and root-knot nematodes have also been found. Prevention and control measures: drill 2-4 holes in the soil around the roots of peony, and pour some chemicals such as aluminum phosphide or methyl parathion into the holes to kill pests and diseases. You can also dig an annular ditch around the peony (about 5 cm deep) and sprinkle carbofuran (3-5 grams per plant). The effective way to control underground pests is to avoid using non-decomposable organic fertilizer. In places where grubs are seriously harmful, black lights should be set in spring to trap and kill adults (scarabs).

④ Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases: In recent years, viral diseases have spread all over the country, so we should pay attention to identification. The diseased plants should be destroyed in time and the soil should be disinfected. Before winter, fallen leaves should be cleaned, buried or destroyed.

(6) Land rotation

Continuous cropping of peony should be avoided, and rotation should be arranged in peony planting areas.

Peony is planted in the field for 3-5 years. After the peony seedlings are transplanted, it is necessary to clean up the stubble in the planting area, ploughing more than 60 cm in depth, cleaning up all the residual peony roots, and then preparing the soil to plant other crops. Generally speaking, there are two ways to rotate:

① Rotation: mainly planting wheat or corn. Wheat is planted in 1 1 year and can be harvested in June of the following year. You can also grow sweet potatoes, peanuts, sesame seeds and green onions. Bean crops are easy to induce scarab injury and should be avoided.

② Other seedling rotation: According to the experience of Heze, Shandong Province, trees such as Sophora japonica, Luan tree and Platanus acerifolia can also be planted in peony land or flowering shrubs can be planted after stubble removal. It is better to plant Sophora japonica, because Sophora japonica is alkali-resistant and can absorb some saline-alkali in the soil.