Summary and arrangement of knowledge points in the first volume of geography in grade seven

In order to facilitate the students to systematically review the knowledge of seventh grade geography, I summarized the knowledge points of the first volume of seventh grade geography for everyone, hoping to be helpful to the students' study and for reference only.

Knowledge points of Earth and Map 1, Earth and Globe: (1) Know the shape and size of the Earth, (2) Model of the Earth, (3) Latitude and longitude, and (4) Use the latitude and longitude net to locate.

2. The movement of the earth: the rotation and revolution of the earth.

3. Map: (1) Basic elements of map, (2) Interpretation of topographic map, and (3) Obtaining information from map.

Weather knowledge point Weather: It refers to the atmospheric conditions such as sunny, rainy, hot or cold in a short time.

Precipitation probability: indicates the probability of precipitation.

Satellite map: green represents land, blue represents ocean, and white represents cloud area. The thickness of clouds is different in different regions. The whiter the clouds, the thicker the clouds. The places with thick clouds are generally rainy areas.

Daily variation of temperature: the daily variation of temperature is called the daily variation of temperature;

Annual change of temperature: The annual change of temperature is called the annual change of temperature.

Diurnal range: the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature is called diurnal range; Temperature annual range: The difference between the highest monthly average temperature in a year is called temperature annual range.

Factors affecting temperature: 1, latitude position; 2. Land and sea location; 3. Topographic factors: where isotherms are dense, the temperature difference is large; Where the isotherm is sparse, the temperature difference is small. Every time the altitude rises 100 meters, the temperature drops by about 0.6℃.

Precipitation: Rain, snow and hail falling from the atmosphere are collectively called precipitation. Rainfall is the main form of precipitation.

Climate: tropical rain forest climate, tropical grassland climate, tropical monsoon climate, tropical desert climate; Subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climate, Mediterranean climate, temperate maritime climate, temperate monsoon climate and temperate continental climate; Cold zone climate, plateau mountain climate.

Earth and globe 1. The earth is a sphere with slightly flat poles and slightly bulging equator. The average radius of the earth is 637 1 km.

2. The equatorial circumference is 40,000 kilometers.

Meridian, also called meridian, is a semicircle that connects the north and south poles of the earth and intersects the latitude vertically. Latitude is a circle perpendicular to the earth's axis and around the earth. There are countless. Longitude means north and south, and latitude means east and west.

The 4.0 degree meridian, also known as the prime meridian, passes through the original site of Greenwich Observatory in London, England. The east of longitude 0 is called east longitude, which is represented by E, and the west of longitude 0 is called west longitude, which is represented by W. The degree increases from east to east and from west to west.

5. The division of the eastern and western hemispheres:

Eastern hemisphere: 20 W eastward 160 E western hemisphere: 20 W westward 160.

The latitude of 6.0 degrees is the equator, which is the dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres. North of the equator is called north latitude, denoted by n, and south of the equator is called south latitude, denoted by s.

7. The rotation of the earth around its axis is rotation, with a period of one day. The rotation of the earth is counterclockwise over the North Pole and clockwise over the South Pole. The earth revolves around the sun with a period of one year, and the direction of rotation and revolution is from west to east.

8. Rotation phenomenon:

A, alternating day and night;

B. local time difference;

C the sun, moon and stars rise in the east and set in the west.

9. The phenomenon of revolution:

One, the replacement of the four seasons

The seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite;

B, changes in the length of day and night;

C. the change of sun height at noon.

10. Two minutes and two days:

(Take the northern hemisphere as an example)

Point A: The sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn. During the winter solstice (65438+February 22nd or 22nd), the extreme night phenomenon appears in the north of the Arctic Circle.

Point B: The sun shines directly on the equator, at the vernal equinox (March 20th or 2 1), and the world is divided equally between day and night.

Point C: The sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, from summer solstice (June 2 1 or 22), seasonal summer, and the extreme day appears in the north of the Arctic Circle.

Point D: The sun shines directly at the equator. At the autumnal equinox (September 22nd or 23rd), the world is divided equally between day and night.

Land and sea distribution and land and sea change 1. On the earth, 7 1% is ocean, 29% is land, and seven points are ocean and three points are land. No matter how the earth is divided equally, any hemisphere has an ocean area larger than the land area.

2. Asia and Europe are bounded by Urals, ural river, Caucasus and Turkish Strait. Asia and Africa are bounded by the Suez Canal. North and South America are bounded by the Panama Canal. Asia and North America are bounded by the Bering Strait.

3. The reason of land and sea changes is the change of crust and the rise and fall of sea level, and the secondary reason is human activities.

4. The order of the seven continents is as follows:

Asia-Africa-North America-South America-Antarctica-Europe-Oceania; The continent with the longest longitude span is Antarctica; Asia, the continent with the most latitude; The continent with the highest average altitude is Antarctica, and the continent with the lowest average altitude is Europe.

5. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earth is divided into six plates, the interior of which is relatively stable, and the boundary zone between plates is relatively active. Volcanoes and earthquakes in the world are concentrated in the boundary zone between plates.

There are two main volcanic seismic belts in the world: a) the Pacific Rim volcanic seismic belt and b) the Mediterranean-Himalayan volcanic seismic belt. China, located between two major earthquake zones, is a country with many earthquakes.

6. Plate movement:

A collision and extrusion: the Mediterranean Sea at the junction of Africa and Asia-Europe plates will disappear due to collision and extrusion of plates; The formation of the Himalayas is due to the extrusion collision between the Eurasian plate and the Indian Ocean plate. Cordillera Mountains (America): The junction of the American plate with the Pacific plate and the Antarctic plate. (Squeeze collision)

B. Tension: Due to the tension between the Indian Ocean plate and the African plate, the Red Sea will expand.

The knowledge of population, religion and language is 1. Europe has the lowest natural growth rate and Africa has the highest.

2. The coastal plain areas in the middle and low latitudes are densely populated. The most densely populated areas in the world: East Asia, South Asia, Western Europe and eastern North America.

There are three races in the world: white, yellow and black. White people are mainly distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania, West Asia and North Africa. Yellow people are mainly distributed in Asia, and Inuit and Indians in North America are yellow people. Black people are mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, and the 400-year slave trade brought them to America and Oceania.

The six working languages of the United Nations are Chinese, English, Russian, French, Spanish and Arabic. Among them, Chinese is the most widely used language and English is the most widely used language. Many countries in Spain and Latin America use Spanish, Brazil uses Portuguese, France and Central Africa use French, West Asia and North Africa use Arabic, and Russia and Central Asian countries use Russian.

5. The three major religions in the world: Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Christianity, formed in West Asia, is the religion with the largest number of believers; Islam originated in Arabia, and its followers are called Muslims. Buddhism originated in ancient India. All three religions originated in Asia.