568 1 Typhoon Bayi Disaster

The maximum is 17! Landed in Nanzhuang, Xiangshan County (Zhoushan area at that time).

Typhoon 56/KOOC-0/2 (Dai Wen Wanda) 902 hPa -90 m/s (CMA) 9/KOOC-0/5 hPa (JMA) 900 hPa-/KOOC-0/60 knots (CWB)/KOOC-0/60 knots (CMA).

Zhejiang, the largest river in Kina, is named after its twists and turns. God has given her a superior geographical environment-the vast East China Sea in the east, and this alone is enough for the inland people to envy. Linhai provides a solid foundation for social development and a bright future for people. However, the price is also accompanied by happiness. Every summer, Zhejiang, which is near the sea, is naturally attacked by tropical cyclones from the northwest Pacific Ocean. Zhejiang people who have lived by the sea for generations may have been used to typhoons for a long time, but repeated disasters have made nightmares constantly staged.

1974, the once-in-a-century typhoon 74 13 mercilessly drowned the upsurge of Zhejiang Cultural Revolution. 136 people died and 53 people were missing.

1988, Typhoon No.8807 made Hangzhou, known as a paradise, lose face, and all the buttonwood trees on the west lake fell to the ground. Death in the whole province 162 people.

1994, typhoon 94 17 destroyed countless seawalls in Zhejiang, and Wang Yang, a coastal area in southern Zhejiang, became a hell on earth. 1 126 people were killed and countless people were missing. This is the worst typhoon disaster in Zhejiang since the 1990s.

1997, typhoon 97 1 1 set a new record of tidal level in Zhejiang, killing more than 250 people and causing extremely heavy economic losses. The typhoon forced the Zhejiang provincial government to make up its mind to build a standard seawall, and finally resisted the storm surge in Senlake five years later.

In 2004, Yunna's real ups and downs met, which made Zhejiang suffer a blow in the new century. 164 people were killed and 24 people were missing.

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Especially in 2004, the beautiful name Yunna brought a terrible disaster, and young Zhejiang people regarded Yunna as the only one. However, only the older generation can remember that before Yunna, a dead king had been waiting silently in heaven for fifty years. She will continue to wait until people remember it again, or forget it completely ... Like Yunna, she also has a very beautiful name, but the murder hidden behind beauty makes Yunna far behind. It's typhoon 56 12.

Wanda, translated as Dai Wen in Chinese. The older generation called her "Typhoon August 1st".

1On July 26th, 956, a huge low pressure area began to brew near the Mariana Islands and moved northward. It is cloudy in Guam. There are indications that a monster is about to be born. At that time, JTWC had not been established, and the task of typhoon detection and forecast in the northwest Pacific was jointly undertaken by the US Air Force and the Navy. However, the air force did not immediately send a plane to detect it. It was not until March 28th, three days later, that the hurricane hunter took off and flew to the pile of clouds not far from home. The wind speed100 kt when the detection plane comes-a three-level typhoon. The U.S. Air Force was surprised and hurriedly upgraded the number, so Wanda was born. At the same time, her number in NMC is 56 12 ... At this time, the subtropical high strongly extends westward and rises northward. Under its guidance, Wanda moved steadily to the northwest and began her journey.

Good divergence, weak vertical wind shear and good water temperature-what are more suitable for tropical cyclones than these three gifts? Wanda didn't live up to it, and began to improve steadily, and the intensity of each broadcast was improved. Just half a day after numbering, the aircraft of the US Air Force detected the wind 120KT, and the Air Force immediately upgraded it to a category 4 typhoon. On the 29th, Wanda did not feel tired at all. After six hours of strengthening 10 kt, it reached 145KT, and finally became the second category 5 typhoon of that year-a title that any tropical cyclone would be proud of. After another 18 hours, Wanda finally reached the peak of its life. The US Air Force detected the air pressure of 902HPA and gave a high evaluation of 160KT. NMC also designated it as a strong typhoon of 90M/S-even in that crazy era, the speed of NMC of 90m/s was rare. Since then, the overall environment does not allow Wanda to continue to strengthen, but Wanda is still stable at around 150KT.

While growing, Wanda has not forgotten to expand its scale. The huge volume in the tropical depression era laid a good foundation for it. All the way to the west, good high-altitude divergence makes Wanda bigger and bigger. At the same time, when she became a category 4 typhoon, her tenth-level wind circle radius actually reached 335KM, the eighth-level wind circle radius reached 550KM, the whole wind circle radius reached 700KM, and the circulation diameter was about 2000KM! Meteorological records show that although Wanda is more than 300 kilometers away from Okinawa, Naha still recorded 75 gusts ... This is a perfect tropical cyclone, yes, Wanda is perfect. It's just a pity that no satellite was launched at that time. Today we can't see the charm of Wanda, but the weather map drawn by the Meteorological Agency can be shocking (see the picture below). Tropical cyclones have two dreams in their life: strength and destruction. The former is amazing and the latter is frightening. Although 160KT, 2000KM and 902HPA still can't make a westward journey, Wanda doesn't have to feel sorry for it, because it is enough, because the subtropical high 1956 at the end of July can help her realize another dream. The miracle was born at this moment-on July 29th, a westerly trough suddenly developed near 1 10E. Due to the upstream and downstream action of the westerly trough, the subtropical high has greatly strengthened its northward uplift, controlled North China and Southeast China, and its center is located in the Sea of Japan. In this way, the original offshore steering forecast of Shanghai Meteorological Observatory is no longer valid-it is almost certain that Wanda will land on the coast of China under the guidance of the strong subtropical high in the north.

The powerful subtropical high led the powerful Wanda and began to destroy it in a rare way.

The whole province of Taiwan Province is affected by its huge wind circle. There is a storm in Taipei. 3 1 to August 2, the rainfall in Taipei reached 297.3MM, 3 1 daily190 mm. You know Wanda is more than 500 kilometers away from Taipei 3 1! The maximum wind speed in Keelung is 29M/S, which shows that the Wanda wind circle is large. The disaster in the north is particularly serious. The water level of Danshui River soared, exceeding the warning water level of 1.7 meters, and many low-lying areas near Taipei City were flooded. Finally, Wanda claimed 17 lives in Taiwan Province province, and another 15 people were injured. Nearly 500 houses were damaged to varying degrees ... For Taiwan Province Province, this is a moderate typhoon.

Of course, this is just the beginning.

This behemoth attracted NMC's attention from the beginning. In that era when there were no satellites, using weather balloons to detect TC in the western Pacific became one of the important means of NMC. Every time the data comes, the atmosphere in the NMC forecast room becomes more and more dignified-yes, they know that a miracle is coming and they will face a super typhoon. NMC dare not ignore it. On the 30th (that is, the day Wanda entered the 48-hour warning line of NMC), the news of strong typhoon was released and conveyed to the local grass-roots meteorological department. Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory issued a strong typhoon warning earlier. Experts have a hunch that the god of destruction with a nice name is likely to pounce on Zhejiang, maybe Wenzhou, maybe Taizhou, maybe Xiangshan County, which belonged to Zhoushan area at that time. ...

A special era has a special ideology. From 65438 to 0956, China basically completed three major transformations. Enthusiastic and enterprising people are enjoying the taste of being masters of the country with joy, and the idea that man can conquer nature has penetrated into almost everyone's brain. However, in that era when even the radio became a luxury, how many people could really know about the arrival of the typhoon? In addition to provincial and district leaders, perhaps only village cadres. Two days before the typhoon came, village cadres in Xiangshan county began to do everything possible to mobilize villagers to prepare for the typhoon. The blackboard at the entrance of the village says, "Typhoon 12 may land in Xiangshan Port." But how can villagers who are used to typhoons take it to heart? 1956 in the first half of the year, Xiangshan experienced a rare drought, which was unbearable throughout July. How can there be a typhoon? Now is the harvest season, and people are immersed in the joy of harvest in the year of drought. More people regard Wanda as an ordinary typhoon with the magnitude of 12, rather than a devil with the magnitude of 17. In Nanzhuang Plain at the eastern end of Xiangshan Peninsula, people still live a simple and fulfilling life in the past. They believe that the seawall in front of the door can defend their Nanzhuang Plain-their home. Even some people are still talking about books in the corner of the village, while those who listen to books are laughing constantly. Everything is so calm.

On August 1 day, Wanda crossed Iwo Jima, entered the East China Sea, and also entered the 24-hour warning line of NMC, and its traveling direction changed from 290 degrees to 3 10 degrees. Due to the good environment, Wanda still maintains the strength of 140KT-Wanda has become one of the slowest giants TC before landing in China. At this moment, the title of the Pacific Northwest Warm Pool has been verified again, and it is conceivable that the water temperature in the East China Sea at that time ... When Cicada strengthened to 150KT in the East China Sea 47 years later, everyone was shocked to death in a cold sweat-fortunately, the timely attack of the westerly trough made Zhejiang escape. But Zhejiang people in 1956 are not so lucky. ...

From this morning, the huge wind circle began to touch the coast of Zhejiang. Ma Runyun flies rapidly from northeast to southwest. Due to the huge circulation, some fishermen realized what was about to happen according to their rich experience, and immediately drove their fishing boats without radios and walkie-talkies back to the harbor-this saved most fishermen at sea and prevented 1959 from staging Lu Siyang's tragedy three years earlier. Wind and rain began to appear along the coast of Zhejiang. But even on the morning of August in 1, Xiangshan Peninsula, which is in the most dangerous area and has been windy, still didn't wake up. The mouse ran away, Ma Yun ran away, the fish drifted and rolled, and the sun was extremely dazzling ... Nature has begun to remind people, but people still don't realize that great danger is coming. In the field, the cadres and the masses, according to the orders of their superiors, enthusiastically grabbed food before the typhoon came. Yes, the harvest in the drought year was really hard to give up, but people's subconscious enthusiasm and pride blinded them in that era.

Wanda is angry! From noon on August 1 day, the wind power along the coast of Zhejiang gradually increased to above 9, and Wanda began a real performance. The circulation enveloped the whole of Zhejiang. As predicted, the center of the strong subtropical high is still hovering over the sea of Japan, but Wanda's huge volume makes the ridge field of the subtropical high move further northward, resulting in a slightly northerly path of Wanda (from 3 10 to 320 degrees). It is this slight northward movement that makes northern Zhejiang, especially Xiangshan Peninsula, face unprecedented danger.

After 4 pm, the coastal areas of Zhejiang entered the storm circle of Wanda one after another. In the evening, the pouring rain falls like a waterfall on the whole land of Zhejiang. The wind, mixed with rain, roared through hills and plains, destroying everything it could move; The raindrops flew almost parallel to the ground, blinding people. The waves at the seaside are monstrous, and the dams along the coast are not tired of being washed away ... On the Nanzhuang Plain in Xiangshan County, people listening to books at the entrance of the village wanted to hide under the eaves at first, but the subsequent scenes made people feel extremely scared-not only the wind and rain, but also the rushing tide! People are dismayed to find that the tunnel in front of the house is full of water at the foot, and the water level is getting higher and higher, flooding into the house, and everything in the house is soaked in seawater. The tide kept rising, but in the dark night, I saw a piece of Zeguo. From time to time, the sound of houses being washed down came, and the wind added fuel to the fire, and the blown tiles danced in the air ... At this moment, the sea no longer cared for Nanzhuang people, but treated the kind villagers in a cruel way. People clearly remember that today is June 25th of the lunar calendar. The tide rose to the middle of the beach and stopped rising. Why is there such a big tide? Did the seawall they trusted in front of the door fail to withstand the typhoon and collapse? People are frantically looking for their loved ones and fleeing from their homes that are about to be knocked down by the tide. At midnight, the crying was deafening, and the sound of wind and rain echoed on the vast Nanzhuang Plain.

What they don't know is that at this time, countless cadres, the People's Liberation Army and some people are desperately rushing to the front of the beach. Under the guidance of the thought that man can conquer nature, and under the death order of the superior headquarters, they took the lead and fought Wanda at the seaside without hesitation for the lives of countless ordinary people in the plain. However, it turns out that this is stupid and futile, and the forces of nature are irresistible. The relentless waves swept nearly a thousand cadres and masses away from the seawall and never came back. ...

At 24: 00 1 and1956 on August 24th (at 2: 00 on August 2nd), Typhoon Wanda (Dai Wen) 56 12 landed in Nanzhuang, Xiangshan County, Zhoushan District, Zhejiang Province. At the time of landing, the central air pressure was 923 hectopascals, and the wind speed was 60-65 m/s. When the US Air Force landed her, the evaluation was130 kt-the only TC that landed in Zhejiang with STY class since the founding of the People's Republic of China. At the same time, she is also the strongest TC who landed in Chinese mainland since the founding of the People's Republic of China (note: geographically, "Chinese mainland" does not include Taiwan and Hainan). When Wanda landed, the eye of the wind was still very big-Liuheng Island, which is more than 30 kilometers away from the landing point, also experienced the phenomenon of wind and rain stopping. The air pressure at Shipu Station began to drop wildly that night 1 1, and dropped by 29.5 hectopascals in 1 hour. At midnight, when the southern part of the eye of the wind passed through Shipu, a shocking data came from the weather station-914.5 hectopascals, which was converted into sea level pressure of 923 hectopascals! This is the extreme value of air pressure measured in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the chart of air pressure change at Shipu Station from the night of August/kloc-0 to the early morning of August 2 is always left in the textbook. The winds in the northern and central coastal areas of Zhejiang are above 12. Because the Velda anemometer at Shipu Station was damaged by strong wind at 9 o'clock that night, no wind speed data was left near the landing point. It is generally believed that there may be an average wind speed of about 60M/S in Xiangshan Peninsula, and some data indicate that its maximum wind speed once reached 75M/S! If the latter is confirmed, it will be the third wind speed recorded in China.

Although it was a small tide on the day of landing, Wanda's powerful strength and rapid pressure change still quickly raised the tide level along the coast of northern Zhejiang. The 5.02-meter rainstorm in Ganpu, Zhejiang increased water. This national record was not broken until 24 years later by Typhoon No.8007, and the highest tide level in Xiangshan Port was 4.7 meters. More than 400 seawalls have been destroyed along the coast of Zhejiang. The Tu Hai seawall in front of the gate guarding Nanzhuang Plain collapsed, and the surviving seawall was useless-the sea level had exceeded the top of the seawall ... and the sea water flooded. Nanzhuang Plain, 80 square kilometers, is a Wang Yang with an average water depth of over 1 meter. In some places, the water depth even reaches 5 meters. There was no land in the whole plain, 77,395 houses were washed away, and many people were washed away by the tide in their sleep. People can only survive if they climb the solid roof and the tall trees. The fertile land was flooded by more than 654.38+ 10,000 mu, and countless uncut crops were destroyed. The tide even rose to the foot of Dancheng, Xiangshan County. The horror on the plain can only be described by witnesses ... countless fishing boats sheltered from the wind in Xiangshan Port were sunk by the waves; Many trees in Zhoushan were uprooted, and some people who resisted Taiwan at the seaside were blown into the air by strong winds and then fell heavily on the ground-or in the sea. ...

The next day, the tide was still rising on the plain, but it began to recede slowly. It was not until August 3 that the accumulated water completely subsided and the clouds finally leaked out of the gap. The long-lost morning sun shines on the land of Nanzhuang-and countless lives who have experienced this disaster. Because people were not evacuated to high places before Wanda's arrival, people who survived the disaster almost fainted when they saw the scene before them-more than 3,000 bodies were found in the rubble and ruins of houses, in the fields, beside the remaining seawall, 24 1 families were killed and 56 14 people were injured. People even found some bodies packed together-several people in the whole family were not separated until they died. Besides, the fields are littered with dead chickens and ducks. Like human beings, they have not escaped this disaster. This is a scene of hell on earth ... the actual death toll may be higher. Some survivors pointed out that only 80 people survived in Xiashan Village with a population of 1800. Regrettably, 50 cadres at all levels died in the war against Taiwan, and three PLA soldiers closed their eyes forever. There were 3,625 deaths in Zhoushan and Ningbo, and only 340 deaths in Xiangshan County. Dancheng Primary School has become a temporary shelter, and planes of the People's Air Force have been dropping relief supplies. People have to feel glad when they are sad: if Wanda lands on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, ...

This is what the old people call the "August 1 wind disaster". However, Wanda still hasn't given up.

After landing, Wanda's eyes were quickly blocked and moved on, crossing the northern part of Zhejiang. Wherever I go, it's always a storm. The rainfall of Ling Zhan Station in Zhejiang Province reached 694 mm; The winds above 12 are measured at inland stations in northern Zhejiang. Shaoxing measured a gust of 43 meters per second. The average wind force in Hangzhou reached 1 1, and the gust reached more than 35M/S, which caused great damage to the beautiful West Lake scenic spot. When Wanda Center passed through Hangzhou on 10 in the morning, the air pressure recorded by Hangzhou Meteorological Observatory was 958.7 hectopascals, which became the extreme air pressure recorded in Hangzhou so far. 7 1 person died in Hangzhou-in the following 32 years, Hangzhou has never experienced such a tragic typhoon. Shanghai also measured an average wind speed of 30M/S and a gust of 34M/S, and the iron cross weighing 400kg at the top of Xujiahui Catholic Church was blown down, which was the most serious wind disaster in Shanghai so far. ...

Due to the destruction of the terrain, the intensity of Wanda gradually weakened and weakened into a tropical storm in northern Anhui. Because the subtropical high has not retreated, it continues to maintain or even extend westward, which leads Wanda to continue to push inland to the northwest. Its huge circulation and abundant water vapor have brought different degrees of disasters to China 10 provinces and regions. A shocking fact is that Tianjin in the north, Xiamen in the south, Qinling and Hengyang in the west are all covered by Wanda's strong winds of magnitude 8, but some weather stations in Anhui can still record gusts of magnitude 12! The rich water vapor in the northwest Pacific turned into a rainstorm at the moment, and Wanda sprinkled on one third of the country. Heavy rains hit the North China Plain. The 24-hour rainfall in Shiziping, Pingshan County, at the foot of Taihang Mountain reached 385 mm, and the Haihe River was flooded. Beijing was also hit by heavy rainfall, with 24-hour rainfall reaching 434.8 mm, which caused flooding in 42 villages in Daxing and the water level of Yongding River soared. Wanda also became the first TC that seriously affected Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China. With the cooperation of cold air in the north, Wanda even triggered the first flood in the second Songhua River basin in Jilin since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and four people died as a result of the disaster.

After August 3, Wanda passed through Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces, and the weakened low pressure disappeared at the junction of Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. The wind stopped, the rain stopped and the tide receded. However, what remained on the land of China was devastation ... This unprecedented catastrophe killed more than 5,000 people across the country. In Zhejiang alone, 4,925 people died,17,000 people were injured, and 2.2 million houses were damaged to varying degrees. The economic loss is incalculable. Of course, there are different opinions about the death toll. Due to the rescue conditions and political environment at that time, the actual death toll may be more, but it doesn't matter anymore, because 4,935 and a series of other amazing figures are destined to make Wanda go down in history-you can find her in the most conspicuous places, whether it is tropical cyclone yearbook or local chronicles. For fans, 56 12WANDA will always be the king in their hearts. For the witnesses, 56 12WANDA is a pain in their hearts that can never be erased.

Wanda's life history is not particularly long, just over 8 days. However, it is these days that Wanda has occupied the most eye-catching position in the meteorological history of China, and even won the title of "the first stop in Chinese mainland". However, 4,629 murders and countless property losses should not only tell people these dull records-human beings are not sages, but also human wishful thinking, and human beings cannot overcome nature. Nowadays, it is considered unwise for cadres and the masses to defend the seawall because of the strong wind of 17. In 2004, faced with the powerful Yunna, Zhejiang people chose to transfer. We should be grateful for this. However, no matter how big the mistake is, there is no doubt that many people should be ashamed now-50 years ago, the spiritual quality of leading cadres taking the lead in setting an example and truly thinking for the people gave the people a powerful impetus to fight natural disasters, but today? Can we reflect on the happiness of the past?

Six years later, the typhoon Wanda of the same name made Hong Kong people feel the great pain brought by "the wind speed is the first in China" and made up for Wanda's regret that it did not leave the wind speed. History is always humorous. In 2005, Katrina was born in the Western Hemisphere, making New Orleans a hell with the same lowest air pressure as 56 12, a landing pressure difference of 300 HPA, and the same powerful storm surge and flood. Cross the name of Camille in Mississippi off the wall and replace it with Katrina; ; The ghost of Hurricane Wilton in Gass is approaching ... but Katrina will never overthrow Wanda's rule-Nanzhuang was New Orleans 49 years ago, and Wanda will always be a lingering shadow on Katrina's head. The shocking performance of 56 12 will be engraved in history forever.

Fifty years after the August 1st disaster, a monument was erected on Nanzhuang Plain to show that people will always remember it. When the 56 12 Dai Wen100th anniversary comes, I hope people will still remember her. History has proved that super typhoon Wanda will be reborn at some point in the future; But we also hope that the terrible tragedy at that time will not repeat itself. Of course, this requires everyone's efforts.