Seeking knowledge of climate types in geography of senior one is to write down the main areas with different characteristics of each climate type. thank you

Also known as "equatorial rainy climate". It is distributed on both sides of the equator, with a latitude of 5? 0 dad? 洹旮普 ni? A little arrogant? Between 5 ~ 28℃, the annual precipitation can reach more than 2000 mm. The seasons are evenly distributed, and there is no dry season. It mainly appears in Amazon Plain in South America, Congo Basin and Gulf of Guinea in Africa, most parts of Malay Archipelago in Asia and southern Malay Peninsula. They are mainly distributed in Amazon river basin in South America, Congo river basin in Africa, Gulf of Guinea, southwest coast of Indian Peninsula in Asia, Malay Peninsula, west coast of Indochina Peninsula, Philippine Islands and Irian Island, and Oceania extends from Sumatra Island to New Guinea.

Mainly because of latitude factors:

1. solar radiation: the amount of solar radiation is within the range of100-180 kcal/cm * year. It's hot all year round. Areas with stronger solar radiation will become deserts.

2. Atmospheric circulation: located in the equatorial low-pressure area, the trade winds gather and converge and rise near the equator, and the water vapor contained in it is easy to form clouds and cause rainfall.

3. Land and sea influence. Tropical rainforests are located at the seaside or in large river basins, which makes them abundant in rainfall and small in temperature difference. Low terrain, suitable for rainforest growth.

4. Vegetation has a great influence on the transpiration of trees, which makes the environment more humid.

Tropical savanna climate

Also known as tropical dry and wet season climate, prairie climate, tropical savanna climate, tropical sparse grassland climate. It is generally distributed in the north-south latitude 10, with most parts of Central Africa and South America and northern and eastern Brazil and Australia as typical examples. This kind of distribution area is located in the alternating control area of equatorial low pressure area and trade wind area. The annual temperature is relatively high, and the annual average temperature is about 25℃ ... During the control period of equatorial low pressure belt, equatorial air mass prevails and precipitation is concentrated; During the trade wind control period, it is controlled by the tropical continental air mass, with little rain. The annual precipitation is generally 700- 1000 mm, and the dry season is obviously longer. Natural vegetation is tropical sparse grassland.

The characteristics of the tropical grassland climate are: when controlled by the equatorial low pressure zone, the rainy season is formed; When controlled by the trade winds, the dry season is formed. Its distribution law is in the south latitude 10. Do you want to push 6 source search? Hook? Capsule poverty? Duan? Steal your daughter-in-law 0. What's wrong with reading a tomb and robbing it? Where is it? "Through analysis, we can summarize the causes of this climate as follows:

I. Monsoon types

In midsummer, in low latitudes (especially on the mainland), an equatorial westerly circulation is often inserted in the trade winds of the northern and southern hemispheres. Its formation, on the one hand, is due to the seasonal movement of the planetary wind belt; On the other hand, due to the heating effect of the mainland, the equatorial trough is strengthened on the mainland when it moves.

In the summer of the northern hemisphere (July), the southeast trade winds in the southern hemisphere deflect northward and cross the equator to the right, forming a southwest monsoon; In summer in the southern hemisphere (65438+ 10), the northeast trade winds in the northern hemisphere deflect southward and cross the equator to the left, forming the northwest monsoon. This phenomenon is most obvious in areas from Africa to the western Pacific via the Indian Ocean.

1, Africa 10 to 20, southern North America.

In summer, the two places were controlled by the warm and humid southwest monsoon, crossed the warm current and were lifted by the terrain. Moreover, due to the intersection of southwest monsoon and northeast trade wind, there is much convective rainfall and abundant precipitation, forming a wet season. In winter, the dry season is formed under the control of a single dry northeast trade wind.

2. Africa 10 to 20, and northern Australia.

In summer, the two places are controlled by the warm and humid northwest monsoon. Due to the intersection of the northwest monsoon and the southeast trade wind, there is much convective rainfall and abundant precipitation, forming a wet season. In winter, dry season is formed under the control of a single dry southeast wind.

Second, the tropical front type.

In summer, in the eastern part of the vast tropical Pacific Ocean, the equatorial westerly wind is not obvious, and the warm and humid monsoon from the Pacific Ocean has little influence on the climate zone of the South American savanna because of the blocking of the tall Andes. The southwest monsoon and northwest monsoon from the land merge with the northeast trade wind and southeast trade wind from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and pass through the warm current, respectively, forming a tropical front, with more convective rainfall and humid climate.

The Guiana Plateau north of the equator, the Orinoco River basin and northern Colombia are wet and rainy from June to 10; In the interior of the Brazilian Plateau south of the equator, there is abundant precipitation from June 5438+00 to March of the following year, forming a rainy season. In winter, the two places are controlled by a single northeast trade wind and southeast trade wind respectively, which is dry and little rainy, forming a dry season.

Third, subtropical high type.

1, South of South African Plateau (20-30)

June+10 in 5438 was the summer in the southern hemisphere, and a large-scale thermal depression was formed on the mainland. The warm and humid southeast trade winds blow across the warm current to the mainland, bringing more precipitation to the South African Plateau and forming a wet season.

It is winter in the southern hemisphere in July, and the average elevation of the South African Plateau is above 1 1,000 m.. Due to the high terrain and low temperature, a high pressure is formed in the southern part of the mainland, which is connected with the ocean high pressure in the east. Controlled by the subtropical high, downdraft prevails. Coupled with the existence of land high pressure, the influence of trade winds from the ocean is reduced, forming a dry season.

2. Southern Australia (30-32)

Due to the seasonal movement of the global pressure belt and wind belt, in summer (65438+ 10), the area was controlled by the southward subtropical high, and the downward flow prevailed, which made it dry and rainy, forming a dry season. Winter (July) is controlled by the humid west wind moving northward, forming a wet season.

Four. Types of vertical zonality

Near the equator of the East African Plateau

The altitude of this area is over 3000 meters. Due to the high terrain, the temperature and precipitation conditions here have changed, and the climate is warm, so it is impossible to form a tropical rainforest climate. In summer, affected by the warm and humid southeast trade winds from the Indian Ocean and passing through the warm current, there is more precipitation, forming a wet season. In winter, controlled by a single dry trade wind, there is less precipitation and strong ground evaporation, forming a dry season.

5. Leeward slope type

Great watershed in western Australia and western Madagascar.

Because the two places are located on the leeward slope of the southeast trade wind and controlled by the subtropical high, the precipitation is less, but the dry and wet seasons are obvious, forming a tropical grassland climate.

To sum up, in summer, latitude 10, give my father and my wife olives? Nana? What's the matter with you? Wash? Scratches? What? Naihui's words are faded and shallow. Hook? Nai huimang? Play? Is it necessary to push the stool sheath at the top of the department? Hook? Eye beer?

tropical desert climate

It is mainly distributed in the inland areas where the Tropic of Cancer passes and the west coast of the mainland, with the Sahara desert in northern Africa being the most extensive.

1. The precipitation is small and the variability is large: Yasvin in the Sahara Desert of North Africa has a record of no rain for many years; In Allica, a desert in northern Chile, South America, there have been only three showers that can measure rainfall in a row 17 years, and the total amount of the three showers is only 0.5 1 cm, so the precipitation is very small. Iquiji, also located in the desert of northern Chile, has no rain for four consecutive years, but in the fifth year, a shower dropped by 65,438+05 cm, and in the second year, a shower record reached 63.5cm, showing great variability. Rainfall in tropical deserts is mostly explosive showers, which often cause serious soil erosion.

2. High temperature and large temperature difference: Due to less clouds, strong sunshine, insufficient vegetation coverage and low air humidity, the temperature rises extremely rapidly during the day. It is recorded that the temperature in North Africa is as high as 58℃. Generally, the average monthly temperature in summer is between 30℃ and 35℃, and the high temperature lasts for a long time. For example, in Aden, Arabian Peninsula, the monthly average temperature is above 30℃ for five months in a year. The desert is cooler at night, because there is no cloud all night, and the ground radiation is strong and the heat dissipation is fast. The lowest temperature at night is usually between 7℃ and 12℃, and there are also days of thin frost. The annual temperature difference is generally around 10℃~20℃, and the daily temperature difference is even larger, between 15℃~30℃. At a weather station south of Tripoli, North Africa, 1978,1February 25th, 978, it was recorded that the highest temperature in Jedaias was 37.2℃ during the day, but it dropped to the lowest temperature of -0.6℃ at night, and the daily temperature difference reached 37.8℃, which was really "wearing a fur coat in the morning and wearing yarn in the afternoon".

3. Strong evaporation and low relative humidity: Tropical desert climate has strong evaporation due to frequent cloudless, windy, strong sunshine, high temperature and low relative humidity. The possible evapotranspiration is 20 times or even about 100 times of precipitation. The relative humidity in the air is very small, and it often appears at about 2% in the Sahara desert of Egypt.

mediterranean climate

Climate characteristics: hot and dry in summer, high temperature and little rain, mild and humid in winter.

The temperature is 5 ~ 10℃ in winter and 2 1 ~ 27℃ in summer. The annual precipitation is about 350 ~ 900 mm, which is concentrated in winter. Summer precipitation only accounts for 20 ~ 40% of the annual precipitation, and the maximum monthly precipitation is more than 3 times of the minimum monthly precipitation.

Reason: summer is controlled by subtropical high, the airflow sinks and there is little rain. In winter, the subtropical high moves to the low latitude, and the westerlies in this climate area have frequent cyclone activities and abundant precipitation. At the same time, the climate is mild and humid because the west wind blows from the warmer ocean in winter (the difference in thermal properties between land and ocean).

Distribution law: 30 ~ 40 degrees north latitude and 30 ~ 40 degrees south latitude.

Specific distribution area: There are five regions in the world with this climate:

(1) the Mediterranean coast, including southern Europe, the northern coast of Africa and a few areas in western Asia.

(2) the California coast of North America.

(3) the west coast of southern Africa, that is, western South Africa and southern Namibia (called the Cape of Good Hope region or the Cape of Good Hope region).

(4) Central Chile in South America.

(5) the southwest and southeast coasts of Australia (although it is southeast, it belongs to the west coast, near Adelaide, not Sydney).

It is also widely distributed, and it is the only climate type that exists in all continents except Antarctica.

Typical vegetation: subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. There are also dry shrubs or hard-leaved grasslands (Stipa, etc.). ).

Typical soil: cinnamon soil

mediterranean climate

1. Particularity of climate characteristics

The Mediterranean climate is characterized by westerlies in winter, frequent frontal cyclones, mild climate, the lowest monthly average temperature of 4 ~ 10℃ and abundant precipitation. Summer is controlled by subtropical high, the airflow sinks, the climate is hot and dry, the clouds are sparse, and the sunshine is sufficient. The annual precipitation is 300 ~ 1000mm, accounting for 60% ~ 70% in winter and only 30% ~ 40% in summer. The climate characteristics of rainy winter and dry summer are unique among various climate types in the world.

2. Typical climatic reasons

The Mediterranean climate is mainly caused by the westerlies in winter, with frequent frontal cyclones. In summer, controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt, the airflow sinks. Among more than ten climate types in the world, the climate types controlled alternately by pressure belts and wind belts throughout the year include tropical grassland climate (controlled alternately by equatorial low pressure belts and trade winds) and tropical desert climate (controlled alternately by trade winds and subtropical high pressure belts) in addition to the Mediterranean climate. The climate controlled by westerlies throughout the year is temperate maritime climate. From the analysis, it can be seen that the investigation of the causes of Mediterranean climate not only examines the students' mastery of the distribution of subtropical high (the maximum influence latitude is 20-40 degrees north and south latitude) and westerly belt (the maximum influence latitude is 30-60 degrees north and south latitude), but also examines the movement of pressure belt and wind belt. It can be said that if students can accurately understand the causes of the Mediterranean climate, it should be easy to understand other climates.

3. Widespread climate distribution

The Mediterranean climate distribution law is located on the west coast of the mainland between 30-40 degrees north and south latitude. Mediterranean climate is the only climate type that exists on all continents except Antarctica. Among the distribution areas of Mediterranean climate, the Mediterranean coast is the most obvious. Other areas such as the California coast in North America, central Chile in South America, the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa and the southwest coast of Australia. Most of its distribution areas are economically developed and are also hot spots in the world.

Is there a temperate monsoon climate at 35 north latitude? 5 is it difficult to bridge bananas in the white barnyard grass industry? Do you bake at night? Thin [14]? Handsome thumb (4). Felt mirror for one generation and eight generations? Shake it? Huh? Frame six? What about chrysanthemum vinegar? Are you scratching? ⑿ crumbs? Hey? Niu Juan slightly raised a mortar? Testicular q? Are we even? q？ Pang Wei? ⑿ unloading? Actor? What's the problem? Tough? About two thirds of them are concentrated in summer (hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter). There are four distinct seasons throughout the year and the weather is changeable. With the increase of latitude, the temperature amplitude in winter and summer increases correspondingly, while the precipitation decreases gradually.

Is the subtropical monsoon climate distributed at 25 north latitude? 5 overseas Chinese? Bananas? Ding Qiaoque? q？ Lotus map? Hey? What's the matter with you? v？ Seed pods, leak shells, and read correctly in spring (4) But? Spasm? Does Councillor Ostrich agree that felt moxibustion is good for Kang Tong? What's the matter with you? Jing huanzhen? The average monthly temperature is generally above 0℃, which is hot in summer, and the average temperature in July is generally around 25℃, and the direction of Xia Feng changes obviously in winter. The annual precipitation is generally above 1000mm, mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter. This climate is most typical in the southeast of China. In other areas, because there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is little difference between winter and summer, so it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate.

This area is located in 25? 35 degrees north latitude. Hey? Is the onion line short of sodium? What's the matter with you? Hook? What is the frequency? Do you want to talk about it? ∑鹚? Jia's egg hook > mother's plan? What's the problem? What happened to the threshold? Juanshan's thumb is called cloud? It is difficult to find overseas Chinese. Spasm? Hey? Where are the curtains in Juanshan? What's wrong with a soup b? Have you seen the T-shirt of Zhixing Mansion? Yina Song? Hey? Gong? Noon? At night? Silk? ⒕? May 4th, Messina? Hey?

The climate in this area is characterized by warm winter and hot summer, distinct four seasons, abundant rainfall and even seasonal distribution.

The area is rich in heat resources, with the annual average temperature ranging from 13℃ to 20℃ and the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ ranging from 4000℃ to 6500℃. The monthly average temperature in 65438+ 10 is above 0℃, 0℃~2℃ in the north of the Yangtze River, 2℃~ 10℃ in the south of the Yangtze River and10℃ in Nanling area. Due to the low terrain and weak barrier function, Huaiyang Mountain is often affected by cold air from the south in winter, especially Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake Plain, which are connected to Nanyang Basin in the north and Gui Xiang Corridor in Nantong. Winter becomes a channel for cold air to move southward, where the 65438+ 10 monthly isotherm protrudes southward in a tongue shape. The absolute minimum temperature in the north of the Yangtze River can reach below-10℃, and the minimum value of-18. 1℃ has appeared in Hankou (197765438+1October 30th), and it is mostly between -7℃ and-0 in the south of the Yangtze River. Whenever strong cold air goes south, the temperature often drops above 10℃. In Shanghai, there was a record that the temperature dropped by 25.2℃ in two days. Therefore, although this area is subtropical, the winter temperature is lower than other parts of the world at the same latitude. Due to the low temperature in winter, the subtropical latitude of China is south, and its northern boundary is 4~5 latitudes south of the theoretical boundary. Compared with the Mediterranean region, it is 10~ 1 1 latitude to the south. However, subtropical areas in China, especially central China, are generally hot in summer, with the average temperature in July around 28℃ and some areas exceeding 29℃. High temperature weather above 35℃ often occurs from May to September. July-August is controlled by subtropical high, with many sunny days and long sunshine hours. The frequency of high temperature is the highest, and the absolute high temperature often exceeds 40℃. Jinhua, Zhejiang and Anhua, Hunan have high temperatures above 465 and 438+0℃. The average temperature in April and1October is 16℃~2 1℃, and the temperature in autumn is slightly higher than that in spring.

Generally speaking, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are warm in winter and hot in summer, with four distinct seasons. Generally, winter is 1~4 months long, about 4 months north of the Yangtze River, and less than 1 month in Nanling area; Summer lasts for more than four months, generally ending from mid-late May to late September, and arriving at the beginning of 10 at the latest in the south. The length of spring and autumn in most areas is 2 months each, and it can reach 3 months in the south.

The average annual precipitation in this area is generally 800 mm~ 1600 mm, which is 1~2 times more than that in North China and richer than that in Southwest China. The distribution of precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest. The annual precipitation in hilly areas of Zhejiang Province is 1200mm ~ 180mm, that in Nanling mountain area and hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River is about 1500 mm, and that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is about1200mm. The influence of topography on precipitation is also remarkable. Generally, there are more mountains than flat land, and there are more windward slopes than leeward slopes. For example, Tunxi in Anhui is very close to Huangshan, and the precipitation in Huangshan is 700 mm more than that in Tunxi (Tunxi 1507.8 mm, Huangshan is 2263.9 mm). The annual precipitation of Luoxiao Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain can exceed 1800 mm.

In the seasonal distribution of precipitation, summer rain is the most, followed by spring rain, autumn rain is worse, and winter rain is the least, but winter rainfall can also account for more than 10% of the annual precipitation. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are areas with high proportion of winter rain and abundant spring rain in China.

This seasonal distribution of precipitation is closely related to the geographical location of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the atmospheric circulation process.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River lie in the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In winter, the north-south jet of the westerly belt meets over this area, forming a relatively stable shear line. Coupled with the influence of Nanling Mountains, a relatively durable quasi-static front in South China appeared on the ground, with frequent cyclones and extremely rainy weather. In most areas, the average precipitation in 65438+February and 65438+1October is about 40 mm~50 mm, and it is 60 mm in February. Since March, the warm and humid air flow in the south has strengthened and the precipitation frequency has increased. In late March, Gannan first entered the spring rain period, with this as the center, the spring rain gradually extended to the northwest, southwest and northeast (figure 12. 1.2). In most areas, the spring rain doesn't end until early and middle June. There is a lot of precipitation and a long rainy period in the hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River. In most areas, the spring rain begins in early April and ends in late May, and the rainy season lasts for 60 days. There are more spring rains in this area, and the proportion of spring rains in Changsha and Nanchang is about 40%, which is more than summer rain. In Nanjing, Shanghai, Wenzhou and other places, spring rain accounts for about 25% of the annual precipitation.