How can I remember English words quickly and effectively? I am a high school student, I can't speak anything in English, and I didn't listen well before. Total English words

If you master the relationship between correct spelling and pronunciation, you can spell words correctly according to their pronunciation. For example, we know that the vowel letter o is pronounced [+(] when syllables are stressed. According to this rule, words like go, hope, home, note, etc. You can recite it as easy as blowing off dust. There is also a pronunciation rule: after o, if it is m, n, v, th, o, it can be pronounced as [λ]. According to this rule, in words such as mother, some, come, dove, done, etc., we will not write O as U, and give another example of vowel combination. Ay reads [ei]. All the words with the letter combination of ay in middle school textbooks, such as say, day, way, pay, ray, may, lay, play, spray, etc., are not only easy to pronounce, but also easy to spell. Of course, there are many exceptions in rules of english pronunciation, and it is not easy to remember them. But in order to help remember words, it is useful to take some time to remember some common pronunciation rules.

2. Homophonic method

Although some linguists think that this homophonic memorization method is unscientific and is not conducive to learners' correct mastery of pronunciation, the practice of learning a foreign language proves that. At the beginning of learning a foreign language, beginners who have not mastered the characteristics of word formation and the rules of word memory can really remember some difficult words effectively by using homophonic method. However, a very important problem that must be paid attention to when memorizing words with homophonic method is that this method can only be used as a homophonic association method to enhance and deepen memory, but it can never be used as a basis for imitating pronunciation. Instead, it must be read and memorized according to the standard pronunciation of words to avoid this memory from interfering with correct pronunciation.

The basic principle of homophonic memorizing words is to find a homophonic sound similar to the pronunciation of foreign words in Chinese, and this homophonic sound must be interestingly related to the meaning expressed by some people, things, things or words, thus making learners curious about things related to homophonic words, thus suddenly stimulating the cerebral cortex, and then leaving an unforgettable impression on learners' brains, even for life. This is also the beauty of this homophonic memory method.

example

Mouth [mauθ] mouth [Lenovo: that is, saying "rashness"]

Hair [hε+] Hair [Lenovo: Hair is really "black ammonia"

speak :k] talk [Lenovo: talk "tout"]

Sing [Mr.] Sing [Lenovo: Sing with a "voice"]

Wife [waif] wife [Lenovo: "I caress" is my wife]

Thinking [θiRk] thinking [association: deep thinking].

Behind [Bi's Hand] Behind [Lenovo: Behind the Murder]

Joke [d*ouk] Joke [Lenovo: "Hitting a guest" becomes a joke]

Bus [bλ s] bus [bus is commonly called "on"].

Gas [g$s] gas; Poisonous gas [Lenovo: it is "damn" that poisonous gas can kill people]

Leave [Lenovo: "Leave me" means leave]

3. Prefix method

Prefix memorization is a method of memorizing words with the help of an important foreign morpheme-prefix. Remembering words by prefix means grouping words with the same prefix and connecting them in series with the same prefix as the main line of memory.

example

A- (added before nouns, verbs and adjectives to form adverbs with the meanings of in, on, at, to, by, of and with)

At the top is at the top

Indifferent leaves

Breathe side by side

loudly

absolutely right

Ab- (leave, get rid of, eliminate)

Abdicate abdicate

abscond

Abnormal deviation

Ablation resection; evaporate

Ad- (meaning in, to)

Adapt; Adapt; adapt to

Strong adaptability and adaptability.

Add add; increase

adhesion

adsorb

Flatter, flatter

Ana- (on; Back; Come again, come again; After that; Similar)

Re-baptism theory; Re-baptism movement

Rising (wind, airflow, etc)

resuscitation

Stimulant ① strong ② Stimulant ②

Analogy is similar; Analogical

Make a similar explanation by analogy; Make a similar reasoning

Similar; mimical

Analogy ① Analogy ② Homologous

Memories, memories

4. Root method

The root is the core of foreign words and an important morpheme to express the most basic meaning of words. Therefore, any word has a root. If different prefixes and suffixes are added to the same root according to word formation, words with different meanings with the root as the core meaning will be formed, which are called cognates. A simple example.

5. Suffix method

Suffix is an important part of foreign words, which not only represents the part of speech and part of speech, but also has different lexical meanings, such as:

The suffix of the English word millionaire -aire not only indicates that the word is a noun, but also indicates that it is a suffix that indicates a person. The suffix -an of the word "suburban" not only indicates that the word is an adjective, but also has the meanings of "belonging to …", "having the nature of …" and "belonging to …".

It can be seen that memorizing words according to the characteristics and laws of different suffixes and their lexical meanings is also an important means to improve the efficiency of word memory.

6. Structural method

The basic principle and method of memorizing words by word formation is to memorize words through structural analysis, anatomy and logical synthesis of word meanings on the basis of mastering a large number of word formation components and morphemes of foreign languages, such as prefixes, roots and suffixes. The essence of this method is that the words to be memorized are first according to the root-suffix; Prefix-root-suffix; The first part of compound words-root-suffix; The first part of compound words-the second part of compound words; The first part of compound words-root-the second part of compound words; Root-the second part of the compound word is decomposed, and then the word is memorized according to the morpheme meaning of each component of the word. In this way, we can remember words with different structures, such as single words, double words and compound words.

When memorizing words by construction method, the following three steps should be followed: first, decompose the words to be memorized according to the above components. It should be noted here that the decomposition of words must be accurate. Some loanwords have no prefix and only consist of roots and suffixes. For example, the word dorm in English has only the root dorm- and the suffix-ant; However, some foreign words are composed of double prefixes or double roots and suffixes, or have no suffixes. For example, tHe word "Heполври1000i й" in Russian is composed of two prefixes, he and No, so when you decompose a word, you must not mistake it for "he п". Another example is the word "aero -naut -ics" in English, which consists of two roots and suffixes: aere (sky)-naut (ship)-ics (science).

Below. We take typical words with complicated word formation as an example to illustrate. For example, if we want to remember the word "anticarnivorous" in English, the first step is to break it down into "anti-Carni-vor-ous" according to the word structure. After the word is decomposed, we can know that it is composed of prefix+root+root+suffix.

Step 2: According to the meanings of the common English or Russian prefixes, roots and suffixes mentioned above, the decomposed components of the word "Duizhen" are combined with their morpheme meanings to separate the morpheme meanings of each component of the word: the prefix "anti" means "opposition"; The root-Carney-means "meat"; The root word-vor-means "food"; The suffix -ous means "adjective suffix".

The last step: combine the morpheme meanings of each part of the word through logical synthesis to form a logically complete meaning, which means "anti-meat, anti-morpheme".

More importantly, this word structure memorization method can be used not only to memorize words, but also to infer many new words or forget the meaning of words when reading or translating the original text. Therefore, it can greatly reduce the times of looking up the dictionary and effectively improve the reading and translation speed. For example, when reading or translating the original text, we will come across such a phrase: a bactericidal, and its new word is an adjective, in which the meaning of the word a-gent is known, which means "medicine", but the meaning of the word bacteriological in the phrase is unknown. Now we don't look it up in the dictionary. It's not difficult to get its meaning through the above deconstruction. Firstly, the word is decomposed into: bacteri-cid-al, and then its morpheme meaning is "corresponding": bacteri means "bacteria"; Cid means "kill"; Al (adjective suffix) means "…". Finally, the morpheme meanings separated from each part of the word are logically synthesized to get the meaning of "sterilization", and then the obtained meaning is matched with the meaning of the word medicament, and the obtained phrase means "killing [killing] microbial medicament" in Chinese. To sum up, in the process of reading or translating, we can basically infer the meaning of most new words from the context.

7. Classification

Classifying and memorizing words can give full play to the potential of the brain system to memorize words comprehensively. Its advantages are: (1) Words classified in the same category have similar grammatical functions and structures, which are convenient for overall memory and mastery, and help to form a complete category concept for words. (2) It is convenient for comparison and helps to master the similarities and differences of each word. (3) It is convenient to concentrate vocabulary so as to use it flexibly. (4) We can organize, systematize and classify the disordered words we have mastered.

Classifying and memorizing words is like arranging and storing a wide variety of types in a word tray under a typewriter in an orderly way according to the radicals of Chinese character structure, and taking them at any time when necessary.

Generally, learners can classify and memorize words according to the following categories: time, meeting, theme, college, major, sports, relatives, animals, plants, stationery, vegetables and fruits. ...

8. Group memory method

Write the words you want to remember in groups in your notebook. If you want to remember a ten-digit number 1 127772235, it is easy to remember as long as we write this number as 1 12-777-2235. This method is very effective in memorizing words. Suppose you want to remember twenty words, you can divide them into four groups, or you can divide a long word into several parts, such as selflessness, which can be written as un-self-ish-ness, so that you can remember the most words in the least time.

9. Corresponding methods

In foreign languages, there are some similar nouns representing men and women or men and women of different sexes. When memorizing words, if we associate a male noun representing human or animal with the corresponding female noun, we can also tap the potential of associative memory in the brain. For example, when we remember the word "father", we can also associate it with the corresponding female noun "mother". In this way, the corresponding memory word can remember two words at the same time, thus doubling the efficiency of memorizing words.

example

Grandpa's grandparents, grandma.

Father-mother

Uncle [uncle]-aunt [aunt]

Son's son-daughter's daughter

brothers and sisters

Men, men, women, women

Bride, groom, bride, bride

Husband's husband's wife's wife

Young man [boy]-girl Young woman [girl]

Grandson's grandson; Grandson-granddaughter; granddaughter

Boys, boys-(little) girls, girls

Boys (primary and secondary schools) Boys-girls (primary and secondary schools) Girls.

Principals (Primary and Secondary Schools) Male Teachers-Female Teachers

Female teachers (primary and secondary schools)

In addition, the corresponding memory method can also be used to remember words with the same corresponding relationship although there is no gender difference.

10. Antisense method

Everything has relativity, such as fast and slow, high and low, good and bad, big and small, bright and dark, hot and cold, up and down, left and right, and so on. Antisense memory method is a learning method to tap the memory potential of the brain by using foreign language learners' antisense association of things. This method of memorizing words can make learners' memory of words rise to the logical height of antonym symmetry. All adjectives, adverbs, verbs and nouns with antonym symmetry can be memorized in this way.

1 1. Comparative mnemonics: 1) Comparison between English and Chinese, such as mama, cigar, beer, bar, fee, etc. 2) comparison of singular and plural numbers, such as: good-goods, spirit-spirit wood-wood 3) comparison of homophones, such as: right-write, eye-I4) comparison of yin and yang of words, such as: actor-actress host-hospitality.

12. origami method:

When writing down the words to be memorized in the notebook, you can divide a piece of paper into three parts, write the new words in the first column, write their Chinese meanings in the third column, and write some words that play a role of bridge or prompt in the middle part. For example, when you want to remember the word declare, you can use the suggestive word say open. Now that you see the new word declare, it will be of great help, and it will also help you remember the exact meaning of this word in English accurately. When doing this mnemonic method, please remember to use a dual-solution dictionary in order to give correct hints.

13. Small card method:

It is neither easy nor convenient to carry a notebook with you. You can use small cards. On one side of the card, write down the words to be memorized; Write down the Chinese meaning of this word on the other side. In this way, you can take a few cards at a time, so you can easily take them out and remember them as long as you have time. Reading Chinese and thinking about English, and reading English and thinking about Chinese, such a regular memory is of great benefit to a person who wants to remember many new words. As long as you stick to your memory, you will become a walking dictionary one day.

14. Audio-visual methods

Listening and watching is another important means to memorize foreign words quickly. The basic principle of memorizing words by audio-visual method is to make full use of audio-visual equipment and foreign language audio-visual equipment, give play to the characteristics that people's hearing and visual organs are easily stimulated by external sounds and image signals, and then leave an unforgettable impression on learners' brains, so as to achieve the purpose of memorizing words. Many foreign language learners who have passed the audio-visual method must have the personal experience that all foreign language knowledge learned through the audio-visual method is faster and more solid than other methods. This is the beauty of listening and reading the memorized words.

Memorizing words by audio-visual method can be carried out in the following forms according to people's needs and local conditions:

(1) Listen. When you listen to the tape and recite the words, you can also listen to the lecture book and listen to it by yourself.

(1) the lecture book. For foreign language beginners, according to their vocabulary and foreign language level, they can choose tapes that match the basic foreign language textbooks and play them regularly from shallow to deep. From the beginning of listening to words, we gradually transition to listening to phrases, phrases, sentences and even the whole text and full text.

2 record and listen to yourself. If learners don't have ready-made tapes matching the teaching materials, they can take the method of recording and listening by themselves. Organize and combine the words, phrases, phrases or sentences that need to be memorized, and ask the foreign language teacher with standard pronunciation and loud voice to record the prepared language materials on tape and then play them often. In order to enhance the memory effect, you can also use the method of listening and reading.

(2) listen to the radio. There are two ways to listen to the radio: one is to directly listen to the foreign language radio programs of foreign radio stations or China radio stations; The other is to use a tape recorder to catalogue the foreign language festivals broadcast by the radio on tape, and then play them many times.

Listen to the radio. Because there are many foreign language words and various foreign language programs, it is not easy to remember words directly by listening to foreign language broadcasts. Therefore, when listening to foreign language broadcasts, we can adopt the following methods: first listen to news programs, weather forecasts and sports programs of foreign language broadcasts, and then listen to literary programs when the listening ability is obviously improved. It should be noted that news programs, weather forecasts and sports programs are easier to understand than other programs. Don't be impatient when you listen. I can only understand a few words at first. After a period of listening training, you will gradually understand the general meaning of some phrases, sentences or paragraphs. In this listening process, all the words you hear can be deeply imprinted in your brain. This method of listening to the radio not only deepens the impression of the words you have learned, but also improves your listening.

Including broadcasting. Listening directly to foreign language broadcasts, learners may be out of touch because of their fast speech speed, small vocabulary and poor listening comprehension. In this case, tape recorders and tapes can be prepared before listening to foreign language broadcasts, and foreign language broadcasts that cannot be understood or missed can be recorded on tapes and then played repeatedly. ③ The combination of hearing and vision. For foreign language learners with audio-visual conditions, it is necessary to make full use of audio-visual equipment and listen to their own foreign language dubbing while watching foreign language videos, so that the effect of memorizing words will be better. In the process of audio-visual, in order to learn something new and old, you can prepare a notebook in advance and record unfamiliar words, words, sentences and foreign subtitles on the screen at any time, so as to consult the dictionary afterwards, find out its meaning and learn to consolidate.

(3) Listen to the dialogue. Listening to dialogues is also a good way to consolidate and memorize words. Listening to the dialogue means making full use of the opportunity of contact with foreign guests or going abroad, or when they are talking in a foreign language, paying attention to the foreign language dialogue of the interlocutor, carefully "capturing" every word, phrase and sentence in the dialogue, and carefully studying its semantics. Over time, the words to be remembered are not only remembered quickly, but also remembered firmly, and foreign language listening will be significantly enhanced.

15. Life memory

That is, consciously use the words you have learned in combination with the actual life. Sometimes it is necessary to sort out the necessary language materials, and some words should be purposefully composed into sentences and become a paragraph to describe an action or daily life. This is an extremely effective memory method. Most words in middle school students' English are related to real life. Therefore, it is not only necessary but also feasible to remember the words learned in real life. For example, after learning a word book, you can form several sentences. I have an English book. A book is my friend. There are some books in my bag. And so on.

16. Reading

Reading is a memory method to learn, consolidate and remember words by reading a lot of original texts frequently. From a linguistic point of view, memorizing words by reading has at least the following advantages:

First, the original foreign language is a synthesis of foreign language vocabulary, morphology, syntax, idioms and sentence patterns. Persisting in reading the original text regularly can not only consolidate the words you have learned, but also learn some new words, thus expanding your vocabulary.

Second, in the process of reading, you will inevitably encounter various grammatical phenomena, involving morphology and syntax. If you encounter the grammatical phenomena you have learned in the past, you can consolidate and deepen your impression through this reproduction, which will play a role in reviewing the past and learning new things. If you encounter unfamiliar grammar phenomena, you can prompt to look for answers in grammar books, and understand and master new grammar knowledge through consulting and learning, thus playing a role in reviewing the old and learning new things.

Thirdly, in the process of reading the original text, you will encounter many learned and unlearned phrases, sentences, idioms, sentence patterns and other language knowledge, which not only achieves the purpose of reviewing the old and learning new things, but also enriches the learners' language knowledge.

Fourth, any original foreign language is a complete expression of position, thought, viewpoint, method or a certain subject or professional knowledge. Therefore, being able to read the original text is equivalent to knowing a point of view or a certain aspect of professional knowledge, which can enrich learners' knowledge in other aspects.

Fifth, reading the original text frequently can obviously improve the speed of reading the original text and create favorable conditions for quickly browsing the original text and retrieving foreign scientific and technological documents.

When reading back words, if you encounter words or phrases you have learned, you can read them several times or write with your fingers to consolidate and deepen your impression. If you come across a new word or phrase that you haven't learned, you must immediately write it down in your notebook, then find out the meaning, read and write it several times. Every time you read a new word, you should review it several times and read it later, so that over time, the new word will become a mature word, and you can remember it quickly and firmly, thus getting twice the result with half the effort.

17. Context memory method:

When reading some interesting articles, you will often come across some words you don't know. It's best not to look it up in the dictionary at once, because it will affect your appreciation of the article. You can guess the Chinese meaning of this word with the help of the surrounding words or sentences, and maybe you can get the general meaning of this unknown word. If this word appears many times in the article, you should look it up in the dictionary. Slowly you can learn to judge which words are worth looking up in the dictionary and which are not. Remember, not every word must be spelled accurately to understand its Chinese meaning. There are some words you just need to know, but you don't need to use them. Because even native English speakers can't use all the words they know. Some words you use every day, and some words you may only use once in your life.

18. Marking method

If people's visual sense can be easily stimulated by external image information, it will certainly receive considerable memory effect. This method of remembering words is called marking.

Labeling back words can be divided into the following two steps:

First of all, according to your own learning progress and the new words you have learned, you can write down the foreign words you have learned every time on a small piece of white plaster, and then stick them on items that match the foreign words. When learning a foreign language, a middle school student can mark all the stationery and articles commonly used in daily life and daily study in foreign languages: classroom, podium, desk, chair, blackboard, eraser, chalk, washbasin, broom, mop, schoolbag, red scarf, glasses, pencil box, pencil, pen and color box.

Step 2: Remove the tape with foreign words written on it from the article. Every time you see or use these articles in the future, you should always repeat their foreign names. The longer the time, the more times the foreign words reappear, and the more firmly the words will be remembered. Words remembered in this way are not easy to forget.

19, graphic method

Memorizing words with vivid pictures with strong three-dimensional sense can not only vividly reveal the internal meanings of foreign words, but also vividly depict the spatial meanings of some words with abstract meanings, so that learners can see the memorized words at a glance, easily form intuitive concepts in their brains and avoid boring language narration.

Preposition [preposition], verb, noun, etc. In a foreign language, especially those words with abstract concepts and confusing meanings, this graphic method is most suitable for memory.

Graphic memory method has a wide range of applications. It can be used to remember not only prepositions, verbs and nouns, but also other parts of speech. Therefore, when memorizing words, it will benefit a lot to use graphic method as much as possible.

20. Practice methods

People's life and social practice is a process of language practice. Therefore, according to different occasions, places and situations, it is a shortcut to remember and consolidate loanwords by repeatedly applying them to our daily life and social practice. Here's an example, which is closely related to the practice of memorizing words: a person who is in college or has already taken up a job may not be able to name his primary school classmates, nor may he fully recall their looks. However, he is not only familiar with his primary school classmates, but also with a family member and even other relatives. Why is this? The reason is simple: what we often touch will leave a deep impression in our brains, while what we don't often touch will not leave a deep impression in our brains, but will gradually disappear from our memories over time. The process of memorizing foreign words is the same. In the process of learning, we should not only skillfully use words with high repetition rate or frequent use, but also not easily forget them. However, for those words with low repetition rate, even those words that have only been learned once and have never been touched again, they are not only unfamiliar, but will be completely forgotten after a long time. Practical memory method is designed in consideration of this memory characteristic of human brain. If we use an easy-to-understand model to express this shorthand method, it is: learning new words → first situational exercise (review and consolidation) → learning new words → second situational exercise (repeated consolidation) → repeated situational exercise (long-term consolidation).

For example, whenever we go shopping in a shopping mall, we can walk through the merchandise counter from beginning to end, so that we can talk while watching, that is, when we look at the merchandise at the counter or in the window, we will remember their foreign names in our minds and say the foreign names of the merchandise in our mouths. If we come to the fruit shop first and see all kinds of fruits, we can say their names in a foreign language.

By analogy, no matter what kind of department store or merchandise department you go to, you will think and speak in a foreign language like this. In the process of memorizing words by practice, if you can't speak the foreign names of some commodities, you can first write down their Chinese names in a notebook. After you come back from this trip, you can find out their foreign language names with the help of a foreign language dictionary and write them down in a notebook. Repeat it several times. The next time I go shopping, I will still practice my second memory trip according to the first route. In this way, we can not only review and consolidate old words, but also remember them through intuitive exercises. As time goes by, learners' foreign language vocabulary not only increases dramatically, but also all the words memorized in this way will be deeply rooted in our minds. In daily life and work, when we see something or enter a specific occasion, we will have a conditioned reflex, and the foreign name of the thing we see will immediately pop out of our mind and blurt it out immediately, so it is difficult for us to forget the foreign words we remember.

This practical memory method is not limited to word-for-word shopping, but also can be carried out in another way, that is, according to their own life, study, work, entertainment, sightseeing, visits and other specific situations and occasions to remember. For example, after getting up every morning, our activities can be expressed in foreign languages, and the purpose of memorizing words can be achieved through practical activities.