Low-carbon life at Copenhagen World Climate Conference

Climate change is one of the most severe challenges faced by human society in the 2 1 century, which is related to the survival of human beings and the development of all countries and needs the joint efforts and cooperation of the international community. Fully aware of the seriousness and urgency of climate change, China, in the spirit of being highly responsible for the long-term development of mankind, has always adhered to the road of sustainable development, promulgated and implemented China's national plan to deal with climate change, adopted strong policies, measures and actions to actively deal with climate change, and made unremitting efforts and positive contributions to dealing with climate change. China will continue to adopt policies, measures and actions to actively respond to climate change. Despite the current financial crisis, China's determination to deal with climate change will not waver and its actions will not slacken.

As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, China has been committed to promoting the implementation of the Convention and the Protocol and earnestly fulfilling its relevant obligations. At present, the international community is negotiating to implement the Bali Road Map, strengthen the comprehensive, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol, and strive to achieve positive results at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen at the end of this year. China will continue to play an active and constructive role in this negotiation process. To this end, I would like to put forward China's position on the implementation of the Bali Road Map at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference.

I. Principles

(1) Adhere to the basic framework of the Convention and Protocol and strictly follow the authorization of the Bali Road Map. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the basic framework and legal basis for international cooperation to deal with climate change, which embodies the knowledge of the international community and is the basis and action guide for the implementation of the Bali Road Map. The Bali Road Map confirms the task of strengthening the comprehensive, effective and sustainable implementation of the Convention and the Protocol. First, in order to ensure the comprehensive, effective and sustainable implementation of the Convention, corresponding arrangements should be made in mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and financial support. The second is to determine the further quantitative emission reduction targets of developed countries in the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol.

(2) Adhere to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities". Developed countries should be responsible for their historical emissions and current high per capita emissions, change their unsustainable lifestyles, significantly reduce emissions, and provide funds and transfer technology to developing countries; In the process of economic development and poverty eradication, developing countries actively take measures to adapt to and slow down climate change.

(3) Adhere to the principle of sustainable development. Sustainable development is the goal and means to effectively deal with climate change. Under the framework of sustainable development, economic development, poverty eradication and climate protection should be considered as a whole, so as to achieve a win-win situation between development and climate change and ensure the realization of the right to development of developing countries.

(4) Mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and financial support should be given equal attention. Mitigation and adaptation to climate change are two organic components in coping with climate change, and equal attention should be paid to them. Mitigation is a relatively long-term and arduous task, while adaptation is more realistic and urgent, especially for developing countries. Capital and technology are indispensable means to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and the effective provision of capital, technology transfer and capacity building support by developed countries is the fundamental guarantee for developing countries to effectively mitigate and adapt to climate change.

Second, the goal.

The goal of Copenhagen is to achieve positive results in further strengthening the comprehensive, effective and sustainable implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, with the focus on making clear and concrete arrangements for mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and financial support. First, it is necessary to determine the substantive quantitative emission reduction targets that developed countries should undertake in the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and ensure that developed countries that have not ratified the Kyoto Protocol undertake comparable emission reduction commitments; Second, make effective institutional arrangements to ensure that developed countries effectively fulfill their commitments to provide funds, technology transfer and capacity building support to developing countries; Third, with the support of technology, capital and capacity building in developed countries, developing countries should take appropriate adaptation and mitigation actions according to their national conditions under the framework of sustainable development.

Three. Further strengthen the comprehensive, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention.

(A) * * * The same vision

The "* * * common vision" of long-term cooperative action against climate change is to strengthen the comprehensive, effective and sustainable implementation of the Convention and achieve its ultimate goal. This "* * * common vision" should be guided by the ultimate goal of the Convention, the principle of * * * common but differentiated responsibilities and the principle of fairness. The Convention has clearly defined the ultimate goal of tackling climate change, and the urgent task is to implement the practical actions that all countries should take. The goal of long-term cooperative action should be a comprehensive goal, including sustainable development, mitigation, adaptation, capital, technology transfer and capacity building. As far as emission reduction targets are concerned, developed countries as a whole should reduce emissions by at least 40% at the level of 1990 by 2020.

(2) Slow down.

1, emission reduction commitments of developed countries

(1) Developed countries should undertake legally binding, substantive and quantitative "measurable, reportable and verifiable" emission reduction obligations.

(2) Based on historical responsibility, fairness principle and consideration of development stage, developed countries as a whole should reduce emissions by at least 40% at their 1990 level by 2020, and adopt corresponding policies, measures and actions.

(3) The emission reduction targets and related policies, measures and actions of developed countries should meet the requirements of "measurable, reportable and verifiable".

(4) The requirements of "measurable, reportable and verifiable" are applicable to the performance and actual effect of emission reduction commitments and corresponding actions in developed countries. For specific procedures and methods, please refer to the relevant provisions and procedures of the compliance and monitoring mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol.

(5) The emission reduction efforts among developed countries should be comparable. First of all, they should be comprehensive and reflected in policies, measures, actions and goals. Second, the consistency of nature should be quantitative and legally binding; The third is the similarity in strength; The fourth is the similarity between compliance and monitoring and verification mechanisms.

Appropriate mitigation actions by developing countries.

(1) Appropriate mitigation actions in developing countries should be carried out within the framework of sustainable development and coordinated with the goals of development and poverty eradication.

(2) There are essential differences between the domestic appropriate emission reduction actions of developing countries and the quantitative emission reduction obligations of developed countries: first, the domestic appropriate emission reduction actions of developing countries are independently proposed by developing countries, which are different from the mandatory treaty obligations of developed countries; Second, the appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries include specific mitigation policies, actions and projects, which are different from the emission reduction commitments and targets of developed countries; Third, appropriate mitigation actions by developing countries should conform to their national conditions and sustainable development strategies, and developing countries should decide their own priority areas of action; Fourth, appropriate mitigation actions by developing countries depend on the provision of "measurable, reportable and verifiable" technology, funds and capacity-building support by developed countries.

(3) Providing technical, financial and capacity-building support for developing countries' mitigation actions is an obligation of the governments of developed countries under the Convention. Governments in developed countries should play a leading role and should not shirk their responsibilities.

(4) By establishing appropriate mechanisms, appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries can match the financial, technological and capacity-building support of developed countries. Developing countries put forward specific mitigation actions and projects, as well as the required technical, financial and capacity-building support; Developed countries provide "measurable, reportable and verifiable" technical, financial and capacity-building support through relevant funding and technology transfer mechanisms under the Convention.

(5) The emission reductions generated by the technical, financial and capacity-building support provided by developed countries for appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries cannot be used to offset the quantitative emission reduction targets promised by developed countries.

(6) The requirements of "measurable, reportable and verifiable" only apply to relevant actions supported by "measurable, reportable and verifiable".

3. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries.

(1) Treat developing countries equally in formulating technical methods and incentive policies, and reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon sinks caused by deforestation and forest degradation through forest protection, sustainable forest management and forest area change.

(2) Reducing carbon emissions caused by deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries and increasing carbon sinks through forest protection, sustainable forest management and forest area changes are important measures for developing countries to cope with climate change, promote sustainable development and eliminate poverty. They cannot be used to offset the emission reduction commitments of developed countries, nor can they be used as a means to introduce emission reduction obligations of developing countries.

(3) Developed countries are obliged to provide sufficient financial, technical and capacity-building support in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, so that developing countries can voluntarily implement actions to reduce carbon emissions caused by deforestation and forest degradation, and increase carbon sinks through forest protection, sustainable forest management and forest area change.

(3) adaptation

1, adaptive mechanism framework. A comprehensive adaptation institution should be established to support developing countries, especially the least developed countries and small island States, in adapting to climate change.

2. Establish subsidiary bodies. Under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, it is responsible for planning, organizing, coordinating, monitoring and evaluating international actions to adapt to climate change and supporting developing countries to take actions to adapt to climate change. Establish a regional center to adapt to climate change.

Establishment of a new Adaptation Fund under the Convention. The fund will be used to support developing countries to adapt to climate change. Its main objectives include: (a) strengthening capacity building, including data collection and vulnerability assessment; (a) Pay all the costs of preparing the national adaptation plan of action; Implementing adaptation actions, projects and plans; (d) Implementing risk management and risk reduction strategies; Improve adaptability through economic diversification; Promote the research, development and popularization of adaptive technologies; Promote education, training and public awareness related to climate change.

4. Establish corresponding monitoring and evaluation mechanism. This mechanism is used to monitor the financial, technical and capacity-building support provided by developed countries to developing countries, and to assess whether the support provided is sufficient.

(4) Technology development and transfer

1, institutional settings. Technology development and transfer play a key role in coping with climate change, and it is imperative to establish corresponding mechanisms and arrangements to effectively fulfill the relevant obligations undertaken by developed countries under the Convention.

2. Establish a subsidiary body for technology development and technology transfer under the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. Under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, it is responsible for planning, organizing, coordinating, supervising and evaluating international technology development and technology transfer activities, including: (a) formulating and implementing joint research and development plans for important climate-friendly technologies; Assess technical needs; Provide a list of transferable technologies; (d) Identifying obstacles in technology transfer and corresponding solutions; Identify incentives to promote technology transfer; Managing technical information and technology development and transfer activities; (g) Solving problems related to intellectual property rights; Strengthen capacity building; (i) Conduct performance monitoring and evaluation.

3. Establish a multilateral technology acquisition fund. The fund mainly comes from the public finance funds of developed countries and is used to support technology development and technology transfer in developing countries.

4. Performance evaluation and supervision. Regularly monitor and evaluate the progress of technology transfer, including scope, scale and effectiveness.

(5) Financial support

1, institutional settings. In order to effectively operate the financial mechanism under the Convention, an adaptation fund, a mitigation fund, a multilateral technology acquisition fund and a capacity-building fund should be established respectively. The management of the financial mechanism should accept the unified guidance of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, embody the principles of fairness, transparency and effectiveness, and ensure easy access to funds and low management costs.

2. Sources of funds. Governments of developed country Parties are obliged to provide new, additional, adequate and predictable funds. Private sector and carbon market funds can be a useful supplement to the funds of developed country Parties.

3. Proportion of funds. Developed country Parties shall allocate at least a certain proportion of their GDP (such as 0.5- 1%) to provide financial support for the above-mentioned funds every year.

Four. Further quantify the emission reduction targets of developed countries in the second commitment period of Kyoto Protocol.

(1) Follow closely the negotiation authorization. According to the decision of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (1/CMP. 1), the Copenhagen meeting at the end of 2009 should reach an agreement on the further quantified emission reduction targets of developed countries in the second commitment period of the Protocol, and determine them through the amendment of Annex B to the Protocol.

(2) The Protocol is a long-term effective treaty. In order to implement the principle of "* * * common but differentiated responsibilities", the Protocol sets an example for developed countries to take the lead in reducing emissions and is an important legal document for fulfilling the Convention. The Protocol determines the quantitative emission reduction targets of developed countries in the first commitment period from 2008 to 20 12, and makes arrangements for determining the emission reduction targets of developed countries in subsequent commitment periods. The Protocol is a long-term effective legal document, which will not be invalid because of the end of the first commitment period. The task of the working group to determine the further emission reduction targets of developed countries in the second commitment period is simple and clear, that is, to determine the emission reduction targets of developed countries in the second commitment period by modifying Annex B, which is by no means a comprehensive revision of the Protocol.

(3) The Protocol Working Group is an important track of the dual-track system. The Protocol Working Group is an important track to implement the two-track negotiation mechanism of Bali Road Map, and should complete the negotiation task as soon as possible to ensure that there is no gap in the first and second commitment periods of the Protocol. Only when the further emission reduction targets of developed Parties to the Protocol are clear can comparable emission reduction targets be set for non-Protocol developed Parties under the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action of the Convention. Otherwise, comparability between emission reduction obligations of developed countries is impossible. Whether the working group can determine the emission reduction targets of developed countries in the second commitment period as scheduled is directly related to the success or failure of the Copenhagen conference.

(4) emission reduction targets of developed countries in the second commitment period. As a whole, developed countries should reduce emissions by at least 40% at the level of 1990 by 2020.