When will the China Space Station be completed?

Why did China build its own space station? It has important scientific significance, high application value and scientific exploration expecting unique results. In recent years, the international community has paid close attention to China's launch of Tiangong-1. However, due to various reasons, China's manned space flight has not been invited to participate in the cooperation of the International Space Station. If Tiangong-1 can make a breakthrough in rendezvous and docking technology, China Space Station in 2020 will be a unique international space station. Space exploration has not achieved unique results, which is not commensurate with the status of a big country. It's time to build your own space station. Yangcheng Evening News: Why does China spend a lot of manpower and financial resources to build its own space station? Jiao Weixin: To sum up, scientific significance and application value are the reasons that attract the country to build a space station. It is expected that after the completion of our space station, experiments will be carried out in many fields, including observing the sky and measuring the earth, using microgravity environment for materials science and so on. As far as I know, scientists in many industries have put forward many experimental schemes, and the relevant departments are selecting them. The guiding ideology of China's space industry is not imitation, but the combination of innovation and feasibility. The history of human space science development has been more than 50 years, during which Europe, America and Russia really promoted the development of science. Although China launched satellites in the 1970s, it mainly used satellites, and made no unique achievements in scientific exploration, which was not commensurate with its status as a big country. Previously limited to the level of economy and technology, our economy is now sufficient to create favorable conditions for the development of space science and technology. In 2020, only China may have a space station and build an international space station. Yangcheng Evening News: Why didn't China participate in the joint construction of the International Space Station? Is it still possible to join? Jiao Weixin: One of the reasons is that we were not invited when the International Space Station was built. In addition, considering our own situation, we did not carry out manned space activities at the beginning, nor did we have special technology. Shenzhou spaceship is just an experimental spaceship. Only when the space rendezvous and docking technology is successfully solved can our spacecraft fly commercially. In this way, the spacecraft can not only dock with our space laboratory and the future space station, but also dock with the future international space station if cooperation is needed. Personally, I think that if our rendezvous and docking technology is solved, we can consider joining the International Space Station. Of course, we should also consider the conditions of participation, such as how long we can rent the cabin, how big it is, how much it costs, whether we want to participate, and comprehensively consider political, economic, technical and other factors. Yangcheng Evening News: The International Space Station will end its mission in 2020, and according to the plan, the space station in China will just enter the orbit around 2020. Can China's space station undertake the function of a new international space station? Jiao Weixin: I think this will definitely happen. Our space station is expected to be built between 2020 and 2022. At that time, China was probably the only space station that could conduct multidisciplinary experiments in space. Because of the continuity of scientific experiments, scientists from other countries have to cooperate with China if they want to carry out scientific experiments. If scientists from developed countries participate and bring advanced scientific equipment, I think we will also welcome them. Therefore, the future space station will not only be a platform for China to carry out multidisciplinary experiments, but also attract scientists from many countries to participate. It will become an international space station. This will be something that China people are proud of. "Tiangong" is ready for "Shenzhou VIII" to arrive in Jiuquan Yangcheng Evening News Yesterday evening, a rocket train carrying Shenzhou VIII slowly entered Dongfeng Aerospace City Railway Station, marking the official entry of Shenzhou VIII Star Arrow into the launch site, and the space rendezvous and docking project of China's manned spaceflight project entered a new node. Rockets will play a vital role in the successful launch of Shenzhou-8 and the rendezvous and docking of Tiangong-1, so the protection of rocket trains is particularly important. The reporter saw at the station that there were many security personnel on alert from the station waiting room to the platform. A red banner with the words "14" has already been hung on the eaves of the platform waiting building-warmly welcome the "Shenzhou-8" rocket train to enter. On the platform, more than a dozen red flags fluttered in the wind, and a gongs and drums team composed of more than 30 musicians wearing performance costumes was practicing the unique "prestige gongs and drums" in the northwest under the leadership of the conductor. "salute!" 18, 13, a sonorous voice pierced the quiet sky, and the majestic gongs and drums team that had just been silent for a few minutes played music almost at the same time. The deep whistle of the train came from the distance-the special train carrying the Shenzhou-8 rocket slowly entered the Dongfeng Aerospace City Railway Station. After the train stopped, the door opened, and the first thing that came out was a blue flag inlaid with golden spikes, on which were written the two huge words "God Arrow". "I have worked hard all the way." "Make sure the task is completed." The experts who greeted the special train and the technicians who escorted the rocket held hands tightly ... It is reported that the "Shenzhou-8" rocket special train will be transferred to the assembly workshop for a series of debugging, assembly and testing. Earlier, it was reported that the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft will be launched in June this year165438+1early October to complete the space rendezvous and docking with the upcoming Tiangong-1 target aircraft. Zhou Xiaoming, the rocket commander of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Base, was interviewed by this newspaper: Tiangong-1, the rocket commander of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Base, used a lot of redundant technologies in the transformation of the Long March 2F, which was different from the Shenzhou series spacecraft in terms of weight and volume. How to ensure the smooth launch of Tiangong-1 and its successful delivery into the designated orbit? In an exclusive interview with this reporter, Zhou Xiaoming, deputy chief engineer and rocket commander of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Base Test Station, revealed that in order to adapt to the launch of Tiangong-1, ZC-2F carrier rocket technology has been improved by as many as 176, and redundant technology was adopted for the first time to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the rocket. On June 29th, the rocket arrived at the launch site. Because the rocket test cycle of this mission has been shortened from the original three months to more than 50 days, and this year is the most intensive year for launching missions at the launch site, * * * has six launching missions, which is a huge workload. When carrying out the "Tiangong" mission, Zhou Xiaoming has to take into account satellite launch, rocket test and other tasks, which is very stressful. Zhou Xiaoming introduced that, unlike the previous launch missions, although the rockets carrying Tiangong-1 are still "Long March 2F" series, in order to meet the needs of the new mission, the number of rocket technical improvement projects has reached 176, and it will be completed only after passing through the tunnels along the railway when reaching the launch site. The assembly work of the whole launch site is much more complicated than before. Therefore, the rocket should be called the "Long March 2F Transformation" launch vehicle. Zhou Xiaoming revealed that because the weight of Tiangong-1 is higher than that of the previous spacecraft, it is necessary to increase the thrust of the launch vehicle, and its weight has also increased by 9 tons due to the increase of fuel, which is the main improvement of the rocket. Because the "Tiangong" is not manned, the escape system is no longer involved in the mission. In order to adapt to the launch of Tiangong-1, ZC-2F carrier rocket technology was improved to 176, and redundant technology was adopted for the first time to ensure the safety and reliability of rocket operation. "Redundancy technology is a system backup technology, that is, 2-3 computer control systems are installed on the key equipment of the rocket. When the system has problems, the backup system can improve the safety and reliability of the rocket. A large number of launch vehicles use redundant technology. " Zhou Xiao said. According to Zhou Xiaoming's colleague, Zhou Xiaoming is an expert who grew up with shenzhou spaceship's launch. From Shenzhou-1 to Shenzhou-7 and then to Tiangong-1, he is experienced and skilled in launching missions. In the "Shenzhou-1" project, Zhou Xiaoming grew from the operator of propellant utilization system to the commander-in-chief of power system. In 2008, he became the deputy chief engineer of the rocket for the first time and the commander of the Tiangong-1 rocket for the first time. Will Tiangong-1 and shenzhou spaceship be affected by space junk? We can only avoid Yangcheng Evening News by timely forecasting: Can Tiangong-1 provide a good working and living environment for astronauts? Jiao Weixin: First of all, Shenzhou-8 docked with Tiangong-1 is unmanned, and there are no astronauts working in the laboratory, so there is no need to establish a perfect life support system in Tiangong-1. Pang Zhihao: Most of the experimental cabins in Tiangong are sealed, which can provide people with pressure, temperature and oxygen. They can adapt and live in it. Some of them are unsealed, and it is said that there is a regenerative life support system inside, which can recycle water resources. Its propulsion cabin mainly provides power and electricity. It has solar panels and an engine. Yangcheng Evening News: Will Tiangong-1 and shenzhou spaceship be affected by space junk? Does Tiangong-1 have "anti-collision" measures? Jiao Weixin: At present, there are a lot of space junk, more than 22,000 of which are more than 10 cm, which poses a great threat to spacecraft and can be detected by telescopes or radars on the ground. There are also many under ten centimeters, and there are hundreds of millions of millimeters. Debris not only threatens manned space flight, but also harms other spacecraft. At present, there is no effective control method. The person in charge of space weather forecast shall monitor the distribution of large debris and make a forecast of the motion state of large debris. If it is predicted that there are debris passing through our orbit nearby, which may cause harm to our spacecraft, we should hide. Both Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou may be affected by these space junk. "Tiangong No.1" has no special anti-collision measures and can only be avoided by forecasting. Yangcheng Evening News: How far is the dream of "space travel" for China? Jiao Weixin: It will take some time for commercial space roaming, maybe 20 years later. Pang Zhihao: Once the rendezvous and docking technology is solved, it will play an important role in future space travel. In order to experience the true feelings in weightlessness, look down at the earth and see the moon, many people have become keen on space tourism. In the future, lunar travel and spacewalk will rely more and more on rendezvous and docking technology. It is no longer necessary to send people into space with high-cost and high-thrust rockets, but to send travelers and goods into space with relatively moderate rockets, which increases the safety factor and is cheaper.