How to prevent natural disasters?

Typhoon poses a great threat to banana production in China. For example, in Guangzhou Province, 197 1 year, the typhoon in Dongguan caused the banana production in the city to lose 50%; Typhoon Gaozhou 1993 caused 40% banana lodging in the city. In April, Wanqingsha Town 1995 in Panyu City was hit by a huge tornado, which knocked down the banana plantation 1800hm2, resulting in very serious losses. Therefore, windbreak has become an important link in banana cultivation measures in China. The following windproof measures should be taken: ① The park should be built in an area with less typhoons or sheltered environment, and the windproof topography and landforms in the northeast and southwest should be selected; Large commodity bases should also effectively establish shelterbelts; (2) short windproof varieties are selected, and Guangdong banana 1 is selected in coastal areas, which is short windproof and has good yield; Banana areas with less wind damage can choose Guangdong Banana No.2, Shortfoot Tun Mine, Dongguan Zhongba and other varieties with strong wind resistance, high yield and good quality. (3) Before June every year, a pillar is erected to fix the plants, commonly known as "the banana house". First, insert a wooden post or bamboo pole with a depth of about 45cm at a distance of 25cm from the banana head, and then tie it to the second or third leaves under the newly picked leaves with mangxin or packing tape, and the rope will move upward once every 30 days. After flowering, the rope should be moved and tied to the ear shaft. (4) Bananas should be planted in spring and summer in areas with mild cold damage in winter to avoid typhoon damage in fruit period; ⑤ Use soil to cultivate the soil, leave the bottom buds, reduce the continuous cropping period, increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, prevent plants from outcrop and enhance the wind resistance.

Step 2: Frostbite

Bananas in the south subtropical zone are often harmed by low temperature in winter, and the losses are serious. For example, in the Pearl River Delta in recent 20 years, 1976, 1977 and 1992, 1993 have appeared in succession, which was affected by long-term strong low temperature (daily average temperature < 4℃), resulting in banana deaths in most parts of Guangdong in these four years, even in southwest Guangdong. It can be seen that the frequency of banana being attacked by cold wave in southern winter is high, and the loss is also very serious, so doing a good job of cold prevention is the top priority of banana planting. The measures are as follows: according to the different low temperature in winter in different regions, banana varieties are reasonably divided, and banana and longan buds are arranged in the south of the Tropic of Cancer; Bananas and plantains are distributed from the Tropic of Cancer to 25 north latitude. (2) Choose cold-resistant banana varieties. Generally, medium-high-stalk varieties are colder than short-stalk varieties. For example, Dundeere with short legs is shorter and colder than Pubei, and the fruit of oil banana is colder than ordinary varieties. (3) Choose the terrain and environment to avoid the cold, such as the south slope of the mountain banana garden or the mountains and forest belts in the north, or build forest belts around the banana garden. (4) Planting in the same year and harvesting in the same year, avoiding cold damage, planting big seedlings early (leaving big buds in perennial root garden), strengthening fertilizer and water management, and harvesting before February of 65438+ the same year. ⑤ Re-apply cold-proof fertilizer before winter, increase the application of organic fertilizer (such as pig manure and burning soil) and potassium fertilizer, and avoid applying nitrogen fertilizer alone in winter. ⑥ Leave 2 ~ 3 sucking buds of different sizes for standby before overwintering, and use these sucking buds in time to replace the cold-dead fruiting mother plants. ⑦ Adopt plant and fruit protection technology: a. Cover the ground every June +065438+ 10 (straw, green manure, miscellaneous soil manure or black plastic film is used as the cover); The fruit is covered with a blue polyethylene bag (thickness 0.02~0.04mm, bag length 130cm, width 85cm); B, adopt physical and chemical methods to prevent cold, such as spraying or pouring CR-4 plant antifreeze developed by Chinese Academy of Sciences or Taiwan Province antifreeze before catching a cold, so as to enhance the cold resistance of plants; The night before the frost, smoke the banana garden with smoke bombs or artificially; In case of advection and cold wave weather, irrigate the soil 1 ~ 2 days before cooling. (8) banana cultivation management should be strengthened in time after cold injury, and the three-word policy of early, full and diligent should be implemented. Early germination (as the fruit plant of the year), early garden clearing, early soil loosening, early fertilization and sufficient fertilizer application; Spray pesticides frequently to weed, do a good job in pest control, windbreak, waterlogging prevention and drought resistance as soon as possible, promote the early growth and rapid development of banana plants, strive for germination in August-September, and basically harvest fruits before the end of the year. For example, after 1976 severe cold, banana plantations that can implement the above management measures can still obtain 30% ~ 65% of the annual output; On the contrary, the banana plantation with poor management and late management suffered the second severe cold at the end of 0+ 165438 because of the delayed germination in that year. As a result, the newly sprouted young fruits were frozen to death.

3. Waterlogging damage

In the typhoon and rainstorm season from June to September in southern China, banana waterlogging often occurs in coastal banana orchards due to dike failure or waterlogging. For example, in the Pearl River Delta of 1993, a large number of banana orchards were flooded due to typhoons. When the border is soaked for 2 ~ 3 days, banana will be damaged by waterlogging, most of the roots will rot, and the leaves will turn yellow and wither. After recovery, banana plants will not perform well, and the yield and quality will decrease obviously. After soaking for more than 4 days, all the roots rotted, all the leaves withered, and the banana plants could not recover their growth and died. The waterlogging damage of banana is related to soaking time, variety, fertilization and planting density. Soak in water immediately after fertilization, especially if nitrogen application is more serious than no fertilization or less nitrogen application; The waterlogging damage of sparse planting garden is more serious than that of dense planting garden. Therefore, preventing banana waterlogging has become an important part of banana orchard cultivation. Flood control measures: ① Choose a fenced field with firm dike, low groundwater level, convenient drainage, good irrigation and drainage system and facilities, and electricity drainage. (2) Planting bananas in high ridges and deep ditches requires annual reinforcement and maintenance of water conservancy facilities and cleaning of irrigation and drainage systems. ③ Proper close planting, application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to enhance the waterlogging tolerance of plants.