Causes of contemporary climate change

Question 1: What are the causes of climate change. 8. Characteristics of contemporary climate change. 9. Consequences of global climate change Factors of climate change:

Socioeconomic factors

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1. Factors of rapid population growth

2. Factors of atmospheric environmental pollution

3. Factors of deterioration of marine ecological environment

4. Land erosion , desertification and other destructive factors

5. Factors of sharp decline in forest resources

6. Factors of acid rain hazards

7. Factors of accelerated species extinction

8. Water pollution factors

9. Toxic waste pollution factors

Two natural factors

1. Changes in the earth’s periodic revolution trajectory

< p> 2. The world is in a warm period.

Contemporary climate change is characterized by global warming

Consequences of global climate change

Human health (1 ) Global warming directly leads to ultra-high temperatures in summer in some areas. Heart disease and various respiratory diseases result in many deaths every year, among which newborns and the elderly are most at risk. (2) Global warming has caused an increase in ozone concentration. Ozone in low altitudes is a very dangerous pollutant that can damage lung tissue and cause asthma or other lung diseases. (3) Global warming causes the spread of certain infectious diseases. When a mosquito bites a person with an infectious virus, the virus will follow the blood into the mosquito's body and start to multiply, and then enter a healthy person through the next bite to complete the spread of the virus. As the temperature rises within a certain temperature range, the reproduction rate and biting rate of mosquitoes are greatly increased, and the reproduction and maturation rate of viruses in their bodies will also increase. Rising temperatures at night and in winter have greatly extended the life span and area of ??mosquitoes, increasing the incidence of malignant infectious diseases such as malaria, scarlet fever, jaundice, and encephalitis that they spread. (4) Global warming will cause different natural disasters in different regions, directly leading to a reduction in food production, and also threatening local residents with hunger and malnutrition. It will also accelerate the spread of certain water-borne viruses, such as encephalitis. , dysentery, high fever, etc. Temperature: Global temperatures will increase. Between now and the end of this century, humanity will face unprecedented temperature rises. For this century, the more optimistic forecast is that global temperatures will rise by 1.4 degrees Celsius, while the most pessimistic scenario is that global temperatures will rise by nearly 6 degrees Celsius. Oceans: Sea levels will rise. Within this century, sea levels will likely rise by 20 to 80 centimeters. The reason is that climate warming causes seawater to expand and melt glaciers and sea ice (the thickness of Arctic ice has decreased by 40% in the past 50 years). In Greenland, the rate of glacier melt has tripled since 1988.

Extreme phenomena: Will cause losses in the future. In recent years, extreme weather phenomena have increased. Most experts believe that in the next 50 years, France will experience a heat wave like the one in 2003 (which killed 15,000 people) every two years. Drought will have a serious impact on agriculture (a temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius may reduce agricultural production by 30%). In southern Europe, rainfall will be significantly reduced.

Biodiversity: Species will die off in large numbers. The report quoted the head of French Greenpeace Jadot as saying that if climate warming continues at this rate, one million species will disappear by 2050, accounting for 40% of various biological species, and France will 20% of species have disappeared. Polar bears and other animals in the Arctic will become major victims, as will fish in coral reef waters. A German study shows that climate warming will threaten the survival of fish because climate warming will cause less oxygen in the water.

Question 2: Take a longer view of the rise in temperature. Temperature changes have been great since the beginning of the earth. For example, within thousands of years, the temperature was generally low, and there were glaciers everywhere. Within a few thousand years, It is relatively warm. For example, Greenland in the Arctic is also covered with green grass. It can be seen that the temperature of the earth itself changes very drastically.

The temperature you feel is getting higher year by year is only a matter of a short period of time. It is difficult to say clearly what the reason is. It may be a change of the earth itself, or it may be caused by human beings. The greenhouse effect acts inside.

As for climate change, I don’t know how old you are, but if you look at the climate changes over the past few hundred and thousands of years, you might find that this has happened before, so now Whether it's an anomaly or not depends entirely on how long your focus is.

However, human activities definitely have an impact on the earth's climate, but the extent of the impact is not determined.

Question 3: The relationship between environmental pollution and global climate change. People are all aware of environmental pollution in modern society, but few people have thought about its seriousness and its impact on the lifestyle and living environment of us and future generations. Influence. Recently, "Science" magazine published a number of academic papers in this field under the title "State of the Planet" for four consecutive issues; "Nature" magazine also published several such articles on December 4. pointed out that this issue is urgent.

In an article titled "Global Air Quality and Pollution" in the December 5 issue of "Science" magazine, Japanese scientist Hajime Akimoto studied environmental pollution and modern transportation Tools have a serious impact on the atmosphere, agriculture, and the ecological environment. For example, aerosols and nitrogen oxides (Nitrogen Oxide) are some known pollution factors. Moreover, pollution in Asia has exceeded that of North America and Europe. The author of the article points out that it is clear that improving air quality requires the efforts of all countries around the world.

Published in the same issue of "Science" magazine, titled "Modern Global Climate Change", reported on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States. Research results of scientists. The article points out that climate change in contemporary society is mainly caused by human behavior. Specifically, the extraction of oil and mining, the utilization of energy, and the unreasonable use of land will all change the composition of the atmosphere.

The report said that although people's research on climate change has made progress, there are still many unknown factors, such as how fast the climate will change. These unknown factors prevent scientists from predicting the serious consequences of climate change on humans.

Atmospheric pollution and global climate change are still intensifying, which also means that we are making it increasingly difficult for humankind to survive in the future. Therefore, how to face and solve this problem has become an urgent matter.

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1. Foreword

Since the beginning of mankind, in order to In order to survive and seek a better living environment, humans continue to fight for living space from nature, which has become one of the factors affecting environmental changes. The longer humans live and the more people there are, the greater the impact will be. When the population is sparse and technology is underdeveloped, humans burn forests to expand cultivated land, and their impact on nature is regional and slow. With the rapid increase in population and the continuous advancement of science and technology, human influence continues to accelerate and expand its scope of influence. Over time, it will evolve into shrinking forests, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution, reduced biological diversity, desertification, and may even lead to global climate change.

Since the industrial revolution, humans have produced large amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons. Humanity's impact on nature is no longer limited to the surface of the earth, but has expanded to the atmosphere. Through the movement of the atmosphere, the impact has gradually spread around the world, greatly increasing the possibility of global warming. Scientists are therefore alarmed to realize that the climate is not only unpredictable, but may also undergo more drastic changes due to excessive human development. Since the 1980s, the global average temperature has risen rapidly, and unusual weather and climate phenomena have occurred frequently, making climate change suddenly a topic of concern to the world.

From a scientific perspective, this article discusses the possible climate changes caused by the increase in greenhouse gases, the scientific issues faced in predicting climate change, and the attitudes we should adopt.

2. Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that has existed on the earth since the beginning of time. If the Earth had no atmosphere, under radiative equilibrium, the average temperature on the Earth's surface would be about -18°C, which is much lower than the current global average temperature on the surface of 15°C. The presence of the atmosphere causes the surface temperature to rise by about 33°C, and the greenhouse effect is the main reason for this temperature gap. Many gases in the Earth's atmosphere absorb little visible light, but specifically absorb the radiation emitted by the Earth. These gases allow about 50% of solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere and be absorbed by the surface, but they intercept almost all the energy radiated by the surface and atmosphere, reduce energy loss, and then radiate it out, causing the temperature of the surface and troposphere to rise. Atmosphere...>>

Question 4: What is the connection between the global carbon cycle and global climate change? Global carbon cycle: refers to the process of migration, transformation and circulation of carbon among the various layers of the earth (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, lithosphere). In terms of energy, the carbon dioxide cycle is the most important in the global carbon cycle, with methane and carbon monoxide being secondary cycles.

Its main processes are: 1. The assimilation and dissimilation processes of organisms, mainly photosynthesis and respiration; 2. Carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean; 3. The precipitation of carbonates. ;

Carbon cycle pathways: 1. The cycle at the cellular level between photosynthesis and respiration; 2. The cycle between atmospheric carbon dioxide and plants at the individual level; 3. Atmospheric carbon dioxide - Cycles at the food chain level between plants - animals - microorganisms; 4. In addition, carbon is buried deep underground in the form of animal and plant organisms, and forms fossil fuels under reducing conditions, so carbon enters the geological cycle.

The significance of the carbon cycle: 1. Carbon is the most important element that constitutes biological organisms. Therefore, the study of ecosystem carbon cycle has become the core issue of system energy flow; 2. Human activities use fossil fuels on a large scale , thus causing a major impact on the carbon cycle and may be an important cause of contemporary climate change.

Question 5: Why is global warming closely related to the ecosystem carbon cycle? 1. Global warming is caused by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. As a large carbon sink that absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, the forest ecosystem plays a very important role in the carbon cycle. The global forest area is 4.161 billion hectares, of which tropical, temperate and boreal zones account for 32.9%, 24.9% and 42.1% respectively. The carbon content in the aboveground parts of global terrestrial ecosystems is 562Gt, and the carbon content in the aboveground parts of forest ecosystems is 483Gt, accounting for 86%. The underground carbon content of global terrestrial ecosystems is 1,272Gt, while the underground carbon content of forests is about 927Gt, accounting for 73% of the world's soil carbon content.

2. The cycle state of carbon element in nature. The carbon cycle in the biosphere is mainly manifested in green plants absorbing carbon dioxide from the air, converting it into glucose through photosynthesis, and releasing oxygen (O2). Green plants obtain carbon dioxide from the air, convert it into glucose through photosynthesis, and then synthesize it into carbon compounds in plants. After passing through the food chain, they become carbon compounds in animals. The respiration of plants and animals converts part of the carbon taken into the body into carbon dioxide and releases it into the atmosphere, while the other part forms the biological body or is stored in the body. After animals and plants die, the carbon in the remains becomes carbon dioxide through the decomposition of microorganisms and is eventually discharged into the atmosphere. This cycle of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere takes about 20 years.

3. The global carbon cycle refers to the process of migration, transformation and circulation of carbon among the various layers of the earth (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, lithosphere). In terms of energy, the carbon dioxide cycle is the most important in the global carbon cycle, with methane and carbon monoxide being secondary cycles. Ecosystem nine takes on this important task.

3. The main processes of the ecosystem carbon cycle are the assimilation and dissimilation processes of organisms, mainly photosynthesis and respiration; the use of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean; and the precipitation of carbonates.

4. Ecosystem carbon cycle pathway, through the cell-level cycle between photosynthesis and respiration; the individual-level cycle between atmospheric carbon dioxide and plants; atmospheric carbon dioxide - plants - Cycles at the food chain level between animals and microorganisms; in addition, carbon is buried deep underground in the form of animal and plant organisms, and forms fossil fuels under reducing conditions, so carbon enters the geological cycle.

5. The significance of the ecosystem carbon cycle is that carbon is the most important element that constitutes biological organisms. Therefore, the study of the ecosystem carbon cycle has become the core issue of system energy flow; human activities use fossil fuels on a large scale Use, thus causing a significant impact on the carbon cycle, is an important cause of contemporary climate change.

Question 6: Climate change and environmental pollution control can be equated. People are aware of environmental pollution in modern society, but few people have thought about its seriousness and its impact on our and future generations’ lifestyles. , the impact of living environment. Recently, "Science" magazine published a number of academic papers in this field under the title "State of the Planet" for four consecutive issues; "Nature" magazine also published several such articles on December 4. pointed out that this issue is urgent.

In an article titled "Global Air Quality and Pollution" in the December 5 issue of "Science" magazine, Japanese scientist Hajime Akimoto studied environmental pollution and modern transportation Tools have a serious impact on the atmosphere, agriculture, and the ecological environment. For example, aerosols and nitrogen oxides (Nitrogen Oxide) are some known pollution factors. Moreover, pollution in Asia has exceeded that of North America and Europe. The author of the article points out that it is clear that improving air quality requires the efforts of all countries around the world.

Published in the same issue of "Science" magazine, titled "Modern Global Climate Change", reported on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States. Research results of scientists. The article points out that climate change in contemporary society is mainly caused by human behavior. Specifically, the extraction of oil and mining, the utilization of energy, and the unreasonable use of land will all change the composition of the atmosphere.

The report said that although people's research on climate change has made progress, there are still many unknown factors, such as how fast the climate will change. These unknown factors prevent scientists from predicting the serious consequences of climate change on humans.

Atmospheric pollution and global climate change are still intensifying, which also means that we are making it increasingly difficult for humankind to survive in the future. Therefore, how to face and solve this problem has become an urgent matter.

----------------------------------------------- --------------------------

1. Foreword

Since the beginning of mankind, in order to In order to survive and seek a better living environment, humans continue to fight for living space from nature, which has become one of the factors affecting environmental changes. The longer humans live and the larger the population, the greater the impact. When the population is sparse and technology is underdeveloped, humans burn forests to expand cultivated land, and their impact on nature is regional and slow. With the rapid increase in population and the continuous advancement of science and technology, human influence continues to accelerate and expand its scope of influence. Over time, it will evolve into shrinking forests, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution, reduced biological diversity, desertification, and may even lead to global climate change.

Since the industrial revolution, humans have produced large amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons. Humanity's impact on nature is no longer limited to the surface of the earth, but has expanded to the atmosphere. Through the movement of the atmosphere, the impact has gradually spread around the world, greatly increasing the possibility of global warming. Scientists are therefore alarmed to realize that the climate is not only unpredictable, but may also undergo more drastic changes due to excessive human development. Since the 1980s, the global average temperature has risen rapidly, and unusual weather and climate phenomena have occurred frequently, making climate change suddenly a topic of concern to the world.

From a scientific perspective, this article discusses the possible climate changes caused by the increase in greenhouse gases, the scientific issues faced in predicting climate change, and the attitudes we should adopt.

2. Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that has existed on the earth since the beginning of time. If the Earth had no atmosphere, under radiation equilibrium, the average temperature on the Earth's surface would be about -18°C, which is much lower than the current global average temperature on the surface of 15°C. The presence of the atmosphere causes the surface temperature to rise by about 33°C, and the greenhouse effect is the main reason for this temperature gap. Many gases in the Earth's atmosphere absorb little visible light, but specifically absorb the radiation emitted by the Earth. These gases allow about 50% of solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere and be absorbed by the surface, but they intercept almost all the energy radiated by the surface and atmosphere, reduce energy loss, and then radiate it out, causing the temperature of the surface and troposphere to rise.

Atmospheric release... >>

Question 7: Answer and detailed process 3.

Original formula=lgb/lga+lga/lgb

=(lg2b+lg2a)/(lga+lgb)

Vedic Theorem

lga+lgb=1

Substituting lga*lgb=-2, we get

Original formula = (1+4)/-2=-5/2

4.log2(ab)=log2(a)+log2(b)

Because a>0,b>0

So log2(a)>0,log2(b)>0

log2(a)+log2(b)≥2 Root number log2alog2b=16

Minimum value 16