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Fangshan is located in the southwest of Beijing, 39 30 ′ 39 55 ′ north latitude and115 25 ′11615 ′ east longitude. It is adjacent to Fengtai District in the northeast, separated from Daxing County in the east by water, and borders Zhuozhou City in Hebei Province in the south and west. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway run through the north and south, and Beijing-Yuan Railway runs through the east and west, with a total area of 20 19 square kilometers. Liangxiang, where the district government is located, is 22 kilometers away from the urban area. It is the southwest gateway of Beijing, the capital, with a superior geographical position. The following mainly describes the humanistic environment from two aspects: natural environment and social environment.

First, the natural environment is also called geographical environment. Refers to the nature around human beings. It includes atmosphere, water, soil, biology and various mineral resources. The natural environment is the material basis for human survival and development. In physical geography, these factors that constitute the whole natural environment are usually divided into five natural circles: atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere and lithosphere. Its main features are as follows:

Fangshan terrain is complex and changeable. Fangshan is located at the junction of North China Plain and Taihang Mountain, with mountains and hills in the west and north alternating, accounting for about two-thirds of the total area of the region. Major mountain ranges such as Dafangshan, Daanshan, Triangle Mountain, Baihua Mountain and Xizhan Mountain are branches of Taihang Mountain. The highest peak is the baicao side of Baihua Mountain, with an altitude of 2035 meters; The lowest point is Lijiaowa in the southeast, with an altitude of 26 meters. There are large and small rivers 13. Juma River and Dashi River meander, while Yongding River and Xiaoqing River cross the border. Fangshan is rich in human resources, mineral resources, tourism resources and geothermal resources. It is a famous "hometown of building materials", "hometown of architecture", "hometown of coal", "hometown of fruit trees" and "tourist attraction" in the suburbs of Beijing.

The situation of water resources plays an obvious role. Rivers are the lifeblood of Fangshan District, and there are important industrial facilities in Fangshan District next to the rivers flowing through Fangshan District. Therefore, we should protect our rivers and protect our water sources, so that our lifeblood will not be broken and our beautiful natural scenery in the basin will not be destroyed. The famous river in Fangshan is Juma River. Shu Tour is famous because it flows through Du Shi, its basin is relatively stable compared with other rivers in Fangshan District, and because it mainly flows through mountainous areas, it is rich in hydraulic resources. More than a dozen small hydropower stations have been built in the area where it flows, with a total installed capacity of more than 5000 kilowatts. The southwest mountainous area it flows through is picturesque, and Du Fu's poems are known as "Small Guilin in the North" in China.

Another prominent feature of Fangshan landform is that karst landform is widely distributed. Limestone is distributed in five-quarters of the mountainous areas. After hundreds of millions of years of erosion, limestone has formed a karst landform comparable to Guilin in Guangxi, and Du Fu's poems in the southwest are known as "Small Guilin in the North" in China. At the same time, the karst forms in this area are extremely rich, with karst caves, underground rivers and limestone funnels widely distributed, and there are famous karst wonders such as Shihua Cave, Yunshui Cave and Yinhu Cave.

Wonderful karst landform, famous and beautiful natural environment. Fangshan's tourism industry has naturally been favored, and the area has been rated as a world cultural site, Peking Man Site. There are a large number of Buddhist scriptures in the collection, including 14278 Buddhist scriptures. Known as the "Great Wall of Stone Classics", it is a well-known Buddhist shrine overseas. With the largest and most typical karst peak forest canyon in Fangshan District, it enjoys the title of "Green Mountain Wild Crossing, Baili Gallery" and is rated as a national geological park and a national scenic spot-Shihuadong Scenic Area, which attracts many tourists, making tourism an important industry in Fangshan District and bringing income of up to 2.2 billion yuan to Fangshan District.

Fangshan District has a temperate monsoon climate, with hot and rainy summers and cold and dry winters. Due to the diverse terrain, the climate characteristics vary greatly from place to place.

Seasonal climate difference is the innate condition of superior natural environment. The annual average temperature in Fangshan District is 1 1.9℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue is -4.7℃, the average temperature in the hottest month is 26.0℃, the extreme maximum temperature over the years is 40. 1℃( 1972), and the extreme minimum temperature is-/kloc-0. The average annual precipitation is 582.8 mm, of which 6? The precipitation in August is 43 1.9mm, accounting for 74% of the annual precipitation.

Because of the obvious seasonal differences in precipitation, smart Fangshan people have found many ways to use rainwater, such as the rainwater utilization mode of government units, the spring water utilization device, and the rainwater collection mode of greenhouse membrane surface. These countries have made full use of all aspects of water resources and reduced natural disasters such as droughts and floods.

Fangshan District has diverse landforms, the relative height difference between mountains and plains is great, and the climate difference is obvious. The summer days are equal, which is 103 days; In autumn and winter, the mountains are 5 days longer than the plains; In spring, the mountain area is less than the plain 10 days. This also leads to uneven temperature distribution. The annual average temperature in the northwest mountainous area is 9- 1 1℃, and the temperature in Baihua Mountain area is even lower. The annual average temperature of the plains and valleys in the southeast is11-12℃; The piedmont area in the southwest of the plain is rich in heat, and the annual average temperature is above 65438 02℃. The precipitation in Fangshan District is also very uneven. The annual precipitation in the plain area is 602.5 mm, and that in the mountainous area is 645.2 mm. The annual precipitation in Maoershan area is over 700 mm, and there are two rainless centers in Fangshan District: the annual precipitation in the southern plain is less than 600 mm; The annual precipitation in the area west of Puwa is 550 mm.

From the above description, it is not difficult to see that Fangshan District vigorously develops the eastern plain agriculture; On the other hand, water conservancy projects have been built beside rivers in western mountainous areas, just like Juma River. Famous scenic spots such as Shihuadong, Dushi and Baihua Mountain have naturally formed tourist attractions and promoted our economy.

Second, the social environment refers to the artificial environment gradually created and established by human beings on the basis of the natural environment through long-term planned and purposeful development, such as cities, rural areas, industrial and mining areas, etc. The development and succession of social environment is dominated and restricted by natural laws, economic laws and social laws, and its quality is one of the symbols of human material civilization construction and spiritual civilization construction.

Fangshan District has abundant heat and excellent coordination of water and heat conditions, which is very beneficial to the growth of vegetation and crops. However, there are many disastrous weather such as drought, summer waterlogging, strong wind and hail, which is unfavorable to agricultural production. Therefore, drought relief and drainage projects in plain areas, phosphating of rural networks, water storage projects in mountainous areas and afforestation projects are all important measures to ensure agricultural stability in Fangshan District.

Because the southeast plain is a part of the North China Plain, it also inclines from northwest to southeast with the topography of this area. It is an alluvial plain formed by the impact of Yongding River and Juma River, and it is the main agricultural area in this area. Therefore, some water conservancy facilities were built in Juma River, which firmly controlled the water potential, provided a solid guarantee for agriculture in Fangshan District, made Fangshan District an industrial zone in the suburbs of Beijing, and promoted the rapid development of animal husbandry.

In 2009, Fangshan, which is rich in human resources, ecological resources and tourism resources, determined the development idea of "three transformations and two districts" and the new regional development pattern of "two axes, three belts and five parks" under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, and made great strides on the road of innovation and development. The people of the whole region adhere to scientific development, vigorously accelerate the process of urbanization, industrialization and modernization, and build a new Fangshan with friendly industry and livable ecology. Among them, the "five parks" in the development pattern of "two axes, three belts and five parks" refer to the five key functional areas of Beijing Petrochemical New Material Science and Technology Industrial Base, Doudian Modern Manufacturing Industrial Base, Central Leisure Shopping Area (CSD), China Fangshan World Geopark and Urban Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone.

The influence of the environment on human beings cannot be ignored. We should make full use of the surrounding environmental resources, protect our environment, make it available for a long time, and don't let it be destroyed in our hands.