Dandong weather warning

1, groundwater anomaly

Groundwater includes well water, spring water, etc. The main anomalies are turbidity, bubbling, flowering, temperature rise, discoloration, odor change, sudden rise, sudden drop, borehole deformation, sudden exhaustion or spewing of spring water, etc.

2. Biological abnormality

Some organs of many animals are particularly sensitive. They can know some disasters ahead of humans, such as jellyfish in the ocean can predict storms, mice can avoid mine disasters or harmful gases in advance, and so on. As for the organs of vision, hearing, touch, vibration and balance, which plays the main role and which plays the role of assisting judgment may be different for different animals. Physical and chemical changes (vibration, electricity, magnetism, meteorology, abnormal radon content in water, etc.). ) The accompanying earthquake can often stimulate some sensory organs of some animals and cause abnormal reactions. If the gravity of an area changes, some animals may be able to feel it through its balance organs; Some animals' hearing organs may be able to detect abnormal vibrations. Before the earthquake, the underground strata have been moving slowly day by day, showing a creeping state, and there is strong friction between fault planes, so some people think that there will be low-frequency sound waves on the friction fault planes, only a few to ten times per second, which is lower than human hearing. People need more than 20 sound waves per second to feel it, but animals don't. Very sensitive animals will be frightened when they feel this sound wave, resulting in abnormal phenomena such as winter snakes coming out of holes, fish jumping out of the water, pigs and cows jumping in circles, dogs barking and wolves growling. There are many kinds of animal anomalies, including large livestock, poultry, cave animals, hibernating animals, fish and so on.

Abnormal behavior of animals before earthquake.

Cows, horses, donkeys and mules panicked, didn't enter the stables, didn't eat, quarreled, fought in groups, broke their reins and ran away, pedaled and planed, and suddenly ran away while walking.

Pigs don't enter the circle, don't eat, make a hullabaloo about, arch and run away in circles.

Sheep don't enter the pen, don't eat, bark, run away and make trouble in the pen.

Dogs bark endlessly, cry, sniff, bite, run around, move around with puppies in their mouths, and police dogs don't listen to instructions.

The cat was so frightened that it climbed up the tree with its cub in its mouth.

Rabbits don't eat grass, make noise in their nests and flee in horror.

Ducks and geese don't go into the water during the day, don't enter the box at night, don't eat, follow their owners, scream and fly high.

Chickens do not enter the frame, collide with the frame, make trouble in the frame, and climb trees.

Pigeons don't go into the nest, live outside, and suddenly jump up and fly.

Rats came out of the cave in droves during the day, in a daze like drunk, not afraid of people, running around in a flurry, with rats in their mouths.

Snakes hibernate. The snake came out of the hole and froze to death in the snow. They increase in number and gather together.

Fish float in groups, swim wildly and jump out of the water. The fish raised in the tank jump around, their heads and tails are stained with blood, jumping out of the tank, screaming, being sluggish and dying.

Toads (toads) came out of holes in droves and even ran into the street.

3. Meteorological anomalies

People often describe earthquake prediction scientists and technicians as "managing the sky, the ground and the hollow", which is indeed reasonable. Before the earthquake, the weather often appeared abnormal. There are mainly sultry before the earthquake, anxiety and irritability, long drought without rain or heavy rain, yellow fog, dark sunshine, strange wind, hail in June and so on. For example, the clouds in the sky are extremely long rays, and the position where the center of the ray points is the position of the central earthquake. Such a Lei Yun is easily observed by people.

4. Abnormal ground sound

Geosound anomaly refers to the sound emitted underground before the earthquake. Its sound is as changeable as cannon and thunder, like the driving of heavy vehicles and the surge of strong winds. When an earthquake occurs, longitudinal waves radiate from the source and propagate along the ground, making the air vibrate and sound. Because of the high speed but weak potential of longitudinal wave, people only smell its sound, but don't feel it unconsciously until the arrival of shear wave. Therefore, there is often a record in the epicenter that "before every earthquake, the underground sound expands like gas, like boiling water in a tripod". If you are in the epicenter, you can often hear the sound of a magnitude 3 earthquake. Geosound is the result of the structure and structure of underground rocks and the movement of liquid and gas contained in them, and a considerable part of it is a sign of impending earthquake. Mastering the knowledge of geosound may have a good effect on earthquake prediction and prevention.

5, abnormal grounding light

Geophysical anomalies refer to the light emitted underground before the earthquake, which has various colors, such as silver blue, white purple, etc., which are rare in daily life, but mainly red and white; Its forms are also different, such as ribbon, sphere, column, diffusion and so on. Generally speaking, the earth's light appears in a wide range, mostly within a few hours to a few minutes before the earthquake and lasts for a few seconds. In China, colorful luminous phenomena appeared during and before the Haicheng, Longling, Tangshan and Songpan earthquakes. Terrestrial light is often accompanied by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, landslides, landslides, collapses, sand blasting, water spraying and air jetting, and often moves regularly along a fault zone or an area, and is synchronized with other macro and micro anomalies, and its causes are always closely related to crustal movement. And controlled by geological conditions and the state of the surface and atmosphere, it can cause different degrees of harm to people, animals and plants.

At present, all the geomagnetic anomaly reports we have are from a few seconds before the earthquake to 1 minute. Such as Haicheng earthquake, Lancang earthquake and Gengma earthquake, similar reports have been collected.

6. Abnormal ground gas

Geo-atmospheric anomaly refers to the fog generated underground before the earthquake, also known as geo-aerosol or geo-fog. This kind of fog, with white, black and yellow colors, sometimes colorless, often appears in the days to minutes before the earthquake, often accompanied by strange smell, sometimes accompanied by noise or high temperature.

7. Abnormal ground movement

Abnormal ground motion refers to the ground shaking before the earthquake. It is a well-known phenomenon that the ground vibrates violently during an earthquake. But before the earthquake, sometimes I feel the ground shaking. This kind of shaking is different from an earthquake, and it swings very slowly. Seismographs often can't record it, but many people can feel it. The most obvious ground motion anomaly occurred before the Haicheng earthquake of magnitude 7.3 on February 4th, 1975. From the end of February to the end of June, there were 65438+ anomalies in Dandong, Kuandian, Fengcheng, Shenyang and Xiuyan.

8. Abnormal grounding drum

The ground uplift anomaly refers to the uplift on the ground before the earthquake. 1973 About half a year before the magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Luhuo, Sichuan, a drum appeared on a lawn in Tuoba District, Ganzi County. It was shaped like an inverted iron pot, about 20 cm high, and cracks appeared intermittently around it. The swelling disappeared after a few days, and it was repeated many times until the earthquake occurred. Anomalies similar to ground heave include ground fissures and subsidence.

9. Electromagnetic anomalies

Electromagnetic anomalies refer to the anomalies of household appliances such as radios, televisions and fluorescent lamps before the earthquake. The most common electromagnetic anomaly is radio failure, and fluorescent lamps were also common before the North China earthquake. 1a few days before the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 on July 28, 976, many radios in Tangshan and its surrounding areas broke down, with loud and small sounds, inaccurate frequency modulation and sometimes continuous noise. Also before the Tangshan earthquake, some people in the city saw fluorescent lamps turn red first and then light up at night. Some people in Beijing turn off the fluorescent lamp before going to bed, but the light is still on.

Electromagnetic anomalies also include abnormal operation of some motor equipment, such as abnormal microwave stations, interference from wireless power plants, and failure of electronic alarm clocks.

Macroscopic anomalies of earthquakes play an important role in earthquake prediction, especially in short-term and imminent prediction. Before the 1975 Haicheng M = 7.3 earthquake and the 1976 Songpan and Pingwu M = 7.2 earthquakes, seismologists and the general public had observed a large number of macroscopic anomalies, which provided important information for the successful prediction of these two earthquakes. However, it should also be noted that the above macro phenomena may be caused by various reasons, not all of which are signs of earthquakes. For example, the fluctuation of well water and spring water may be related to rainfall, and may also be affected by nearby pumping, drainage and construction. The discoloration of well water may be caused by pollution, and the abnormal behavior of animals may be related to weather changes, diseases, estrus and external stimuli. Also be careful not to mistake welding arc light and lightning for earth light, thunder for earth sound, and fireworks and flares for underground fireballs.

Once you find an abnormal natural phenomenon, don't easily draw the conclusion that an earthquake is about to happen, let alone panic. Instead, it is necessary to find out the time, place and relevant situation of abnormal phenomena, protect the site, report to the government or the earthquake department, and let the professionals in the earthquake department investigate and verify to find out the truth.

How to escape?

The earthquake came suddenly and caught people off guard. When the earthquake starts, if you are in the house, don't try to rush out of the house, which will probably kill you. The expedient is to hide under a solid bed or table. If you don't have solid furniture, you should stand at the door. The door frame has some protection. Stay away from the window, because the window glass may break.

If you are outdoors, don't go near buildings, trees, telephone poles or any other tall buildings that may collapse. Try to stay away from tall buildings and run to empty places. In order to avoid losing your balance in the earthquake, you should lie on the ground. If there is no open space nearby, shelter from the rain at the door for the time being.

Don't hide in underground caves, tunnels or tunnels, because the rubble generated by the earthquake will fill or block the exit. Unless they are very strong, things like tunnels will collapse themselves.

In an earthquake, the wooden house tends to tilt, and the door won't open, so you will lose your life. Therefore, whether you can go out or not, it is wise to open the door first.

In the event of a big earthquake, things and books on the shelves may fall off. At this time, protecting the head is extremely important. In case of emergency, you can cover your head with cotton pads, blankets, pillows and other things around you to avoid injury.

Even if there is an earthquake in midsummer, it is indecent to escape from the room naked. The naked body is easily hurt by sparks, glass and metal fragments flying around. Therefore, when going out for refuge, you should try to wear thick cotton-padded clothes and cotton shoes and socks to avoid wearing chemical fiber products that are easy to catch fire. If you encounter an earthquake in the hospital, getting under the bed is the best strategy. This can prevent objects from falling from the skylight or overhead and being injured. Don't run on the road when there is an earthquake. At this time, there are flying signs, doors and windows everywhere. So it's best to wear a helmet or something in a dangerous situation at this time.

During an earthquake, the bridge will also collapse and fall into the river. It is very dangerous to stop on the bridge or hide under it at this time. Therefore, if you encounter an earthquake on the bridge, you should leave the bridge quickly.

Sometimes there will be a big earthquake under the sea, and then there will be a tsunami. The waves will rise sharply, and ships near the shore are very dangerous. At this time, it is best to leave the beach quickly and stay away from the high seas, which is safe.

When there is an earthquake in a public place, people inside will be crowded with panic. This is because frightened people can't find an escape. What is needed at this time is to be calm, calm down and find the exit, and don't run around.

Famous earthquake

Time:1February 20, 960

Venue: Chile

Disaster: 8.5 (9.5) earthquake.

Disaster: More than 5,700 people died and lost $50 million.

In the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, the earthquake in Shaanxi was 1556. The number of casualties is conservatively estimated at 830,000.

The earthquake with the largest number of casualties in the world is1556 65438+1October 23rd, hua county, Shaanxi, with a large number of casualties, which is rare in the history of earthquakes at home and abroad.

1920, an earthquake of magnitude 8.5 occurred in Gansu province, China, killing 200,000 people.

1 923 September1day, an earthquake of magnitude 8.3 occurred in Kanto, Japan, killing 40,000 people. More than 360,000 houses in Tokyo were destroyed, and more than 1.4 million people died and disappeared.

1On July 28th, 976, the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 in China caused the worst scene in the world earthquake history in this century: 2,42419 people were killed,16,400 people were seriously injured,15,886 families were disintegrated, more than 7,000 families stopped smoking, and 386,500 people were killed.